26 research outputs found

    Analysis of Educational Reality and Expectations Regarding Competencies Defined in โ€œThe Role of Korean Doctor, 2014โ€

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    The aim of this study is to determine whether the 65 competencies, defined in โ€œthe role of Korean doctor, 2014โ€, are suitable for basic medical education phase in Korea. It seeks to analyze the gap among the educational reality and expectation, assessment situation of the competencies above. We also try to define issues of the development, application and assessment phases of competency-based medical education (CBME) at individual medical schools. We designed survey tools based on the Millerโ€™s assessment pyramid (knowledge, explanation, demonstration, and performance) for each of the 65 competencies. The survey distributed to 41 medical schools in April 2015 and 38 replies were received (92.7%). Competencies that matched both the educational reality and expectation were numbers 1 (patient care), 33 (social accountability), and 49 (professionalism). However, all the other competencies ranked lower in current status than that of desirable level. 54 out of 65 competencies (83.07%) remained at the knowledge and explanation level when each competence were assessed. In the development, application, and assessment phases of CBME, common issues that medical schools commonly noted were difficulty linking competencies to curriculum preparation and student assessment, the lack of facultyโ€™s understanding, difficulty to reach consensus among faculties, and absence of teaching and learning methods and assessment tools that fits CBME. For the successful settle down of CBME, there is a need for efforts to develop the model of graduate outcomes, to share information and experience, and to operate faculty development program by the medical education communities.ope

    Praat๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์ฐฝ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ •(์Œ์•…๊ต์œก์ „๊ณต), 2013. 2. ๊น€๋™์ผ.์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์Œ์•…๊ต์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ์‚ถ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์  ์œผ๋กœ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์  ์ฒดํ—˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์žฅ์•  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์Œ์•…๊ต์œก์€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์•ˆ์ •๊ณผ ์–ธ์–ด์น˜๋ฃŒ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๊ด€๋ จ ํ™œ๋™์€ ๊ตฌ์–ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ(Praat์Œ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ฐฝ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์ฒญ๊ฐ์žฅ์•  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์ฐฝ(ํŠนํžˆ ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ)๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ , ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์žฅ์•  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Œ์•…๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 2ํ•™๋…„์— ์žฌํ•™ ์ค‘์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ณด์ •์ฒญ๋ ฅ์ด ์ค‘๋“ฑ๊ณ ๋„ ๋‚œ์ฒญ(56~70dB)์ธ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ํ•™์ƒ 4๋ช…์„ ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒญ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐœ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์Œ์•… ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ๊ณผ ์Œ์˜ ๋„์•ฝ์ด ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋™์š”์ธ ์„ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ œ์žฌ๊ณก์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ผ๊ณฑ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์  ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ฒญ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์Œ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ Praat๋กœ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•œ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ ์ „์›์ด ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์†๋„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, Praat๋กœ ์Œ์ •์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•œ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ A, B, C, D ์Œ์ •๋ณ€ํ™” ์ธ์ง€๋„์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ด ์‚ฌ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 43.3%, 63.3%, 23.3%, 53.3%์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 0.96~1์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€ ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์Œ์ • ์˜ ์ƒํ–‰๊ณผ ํ•˜ํ–‰์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, Praat๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์ œ์žฌ๊ณก์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•œ ํ›„, ๊ณ„๋ช…์ฐฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์—์„œ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ „์›์˜ ์Œ์ •๋ณ€ํ™” ์ธ์ง€๋„์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ด ์‚ฌ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 40.2%์—์„œ ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 82.9%๋กœ, 42.7%๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ํ‰๊ท ๋„ ์‚ฌ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 0.511์—์„œ ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 0.912๋กœ, 0.401 ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, Praat๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์ œ์žฌ๊ณก์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•œ ํ›„, ๊ฐ€์ฐฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ ์ „์›์˜ ์Œ์ •๋ณ€ํ™” ์ธ์ง€๋„์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ด ์‚ฌ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 48.8%์—์„œ ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 70.8%๋กœ, 22.0%๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ํ‰๊ท ๋„ ์‚ฌ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 0.270์—์„œ ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 0.865๋กœ, 0.594์˜ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๊ฐ€์ฐฝ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์„ธ ๋ช…์€ ํ‰์†Œ์— ํŒ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์š” ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ž˜ ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ง€๋Š” ๋ชป ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ํ•œ ๋ช…์€ ์Œ์˜ ๋†’๋‚ฎ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋„ ์ž˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ํ‰์†Œ์— ์Œ์•…์„ ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์Œ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉฐ ์Œ์•…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” Praat๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณธ์ธ์ด ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์Œ์˜ ๋†’์ด๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์Œ๋†’์ด์™€ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ•์•ฝ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์Œ์•…์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ฅ์œ ํ•  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์Œ ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์œผ๋กœ ์Œ์•…๊ต์œก์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์—์„œ๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž”์กด ์ฒญ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์Œ์•…์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ฅ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์Œ์•…๊ต์œก์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์Œ์•…๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ฐ ๊ต์œกํ™œ๋™, ๊ต์žฌ, ๊ต๊ตฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ ˆ์‹คํžˆ ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์Œ์•…์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์—ด์–ด ์ค„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.I. ์„œ ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 4 3. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 4 1) ์ฒญ๊ฐ์žฅ์•  4 2) Praat 5 3) ๊ฐ€์ฐฝ๋ ฅ 5 4) ๋ณด์ • ์ฒญ๋ ฅ 5 II. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 6 1.์ฒญ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์Œ์•…๊ต์œก 6 1) ์ฒญ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ 6 2) ์ฒญ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์Œ์•…์ง€๊ฐ 7 3) ์ฒญ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋ฐœ์„ฑ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ฐฝ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ 9 4) ์ฒญ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์Œ์•…๊ต์œก ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์‹คํƒœ 10 5) ์ฒญ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์Œ์•…๊ต์œก๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 13 2. Praat์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ 17 1) ICT์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ฑ 17 2) ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ 18 3) Praat ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ 19 III. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 21 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ 21 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ 21 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ 22 4. ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋„๊ตฌ 24 5. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 25 IV. ๊ฒฐ ๊ณผ 29 1. ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฌ 29 1) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒA ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 30 2) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒB ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 31 3) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒC ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 31 4) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒD ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 32 2. ์Œ ์ • 33 1) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒA 34 2) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒB 44 3) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒC 54 4) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒD 64 5) ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ์ธก์ •์น˜ ๋ถ„์„ 74 3. a๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ณ„๋ช…์ฐฝ 76 1) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒA 76 2) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒB 77 3) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒC 78 4) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒD 79 5) ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ์ธก์ •์น˜ ๋ถ„์„ 80 4. a๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฐ€์ฐฝ 81 1) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒA 81 2) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒB 82 3) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒC 83 4) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒD 84 5) ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ์ธก์ •์น˜ ๋ถ„์„ 85 5. b๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ณ„๋ช…์ฐฝ 86 1) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒA 86 2) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒB 87 3) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒC 88 4) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒD 89 5) ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ์ธก์ •์น˜ ๋ถ„์„ 90 6. b๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฐ€์ฐฝ 91 1) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒA 91 2) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒB 92 3) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒC 93 4) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒD 94 5) ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ์ธก์ •์น˜ ๋ถ„์„ 95 7. ๊ณ„๋ช…์ „์ฒด 96 1) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒA 96 2) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒB 97 3) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒC 99 4) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒD 100 5) ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ์ธก์ •์น˜ ๋ถ„์„ 102 8. ๊ฐ€์ฐฝ์ „์ฒด 104 1) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒA 104 2) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒB 105 3) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒC 107 4) ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒD 108 5) ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ์ธก์ •์น˜ ๋ถ„์„ 110 V. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 112 1. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  112 2. ์ œ ์–ธ 116 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์  117 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 119 ๋ถ€๋ก 1. 123 ๋ถ€๋ก 2. Praat ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ• 131 ๋ถ€๋ก 3. ์ˆ˜์—…์ง€๋„์•ˆ 135 Abstract 152Maste

    Thomas Ostermeier's sociological theatre and the political potential of directing: Ibsen's "Volksfeind" production

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    ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ํ† ๋งˆ์Šค ์˜ค์Šคํ„ฐ๋งˆ์ด์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์ถœํ•œ <๋ฏผ์ค‘์˜ ์ >์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ทน ์ด๋…๊ณผ ์—ฐ์ถœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์˜ค์Šคํ„ฐ๋งˆ์ด์–ด๋Š” ๋‹น๋Œ€์˜ ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ ์—ฐ๊ทน์„ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฆฌ์–ผ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด๋ผ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฆฌ์–ผ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ทน ์ด๋…์„ ๋‚ด์„ธ์šด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ทน์ด๋ž€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ทน์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ์ด์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ทน์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ •์น˜์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ •์‹ ์  ์‚ถ์—๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” <๋ฏผ์ค‘์˜ ์ >์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต์˜ ๋ชฐ๋ฝ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌํ™”ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์˜ ๋‚˜์ด์™€ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์ธ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์ถœ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•™์ƒ๋ธ” ์ž‘์—…๊ณผ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌํ…”๋ง ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์ค‘์ง‘ํšŒ ์žฅ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ใ€Ž๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์—ญใ€์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์‹œ๋Œ€์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๊ด€๊ฐ์˜ ์ง์ ‘ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ œ4์˜ ๋ฒฝ์„ ์ฒ ํํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๊ฐ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ทน ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์กฐ์งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์ ์ธ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ์ •์น˜์  ์—ฐ๊ทน์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ƒ์—…์ ์ธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ œ๋„๊ถŒ ์—ฐ๊ทน๊ณผ ๋…๋ฆฝ์  ์—ฐ๊ทน, ์ƒ์—…๊ทน๊ณผ ์ •์น˜๊ทน์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. <๋ฏผ์ค‘์˜ ์ >์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ทน์ด๋…๊ณผ ์—ฐ์ถœ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ง‘์•ฝ๋œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฌด๋Œ€ ์œ„์˜ ํ—ˆ๊ตฌ์™€ ์‹ค์ œ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ํ•ฉ์„ ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ์—ฐ๊ทน์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์—ด์–ด๋†“๋Š”๋‹ค. Thomas Ostermeier is one of the most important contemporary German theatre directors. His production of Ibsen's Ein Volksfeind (Seoul, 2016) embodies his new idea of theatre and directing. He calls for the sociological theater as a new realism defined as a view on the world with an attitude that demands change. This concept means a sociological laboratory that examines the behavior of human beings within a political social context. Therefore his theatre focuses on dramatic situation and actions of characters that intend to change that situation. Especially he explores how socio-economic problems could affect persons private mental life today. Ibsen staged the fear of the middle class from economic collapse and the crisis of family, above all the pressure on women in the 19th century. Ostermeier adapts his Ein Volksfeind to the story of the contemporary German Golf generation. For this, he merges two female characters and brings down the age of all characters. On directing, he underscores collective ensemble process. Also, he uses the inductive directing method and storytelling exercises. Especially in the scene of mass rally he inserts the passages of The coming Insurrection into Stockmanns speech and urges the audience to debate the pros and cons of his argument. At this moment when the boundary between reality and fiction starts to be blur and playful irritation sets in, a new theatrical experience could emerge. Ostermeier is fully aware that this is not a political theatre in the old Marxist concept because it does not cause actual social change directly. Rather his sociological theatre seeks out the spark of new experience through the short-circuit between reality and art.N

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    Burden and Health Status in Family Caregivers of the Elderly with Diseases

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ์˜ํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋กœ ๋…ธ์ธ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋…ธํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’๊ณ  ๋ณตํ•ฉ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์š”ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋„์›€์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋…ผ์•„ ๋“ค๋ณด๋Š” ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค. ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ๋ถ€์–‘๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋กœ์„œ ์ผ์ฐจ์  ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ถ€์–‘๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋จ ์ „๋ง์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋…ธ์ธํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹ ์ฒด์ , ์ •์‹ ์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ์˜ ์ถ•์ ์€ ์งˆ์  ์ธ ์‚ถ์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์ดˆ๋ž˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‘ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ํœ˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ค‘์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„œ์ˆ ์  ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ์„œ์šธ Y๋Œ€ 1๊ฐœ ๋ถ€์†๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์ž…์›์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ํ‡ด์›ํ•œ์ง€ 1๊ฐœ์›”์—์„œ 1๋…„๋œ 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋…ธ์ธํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ „์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1994ํ„ด 10์›” 10์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1994๋…„ 11์›” 12์ผ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ์˜ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์„œ๋ฏธํ˜œ์™€ ์˜ค๊ฐ€์‹ค(1992)์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ Brodman(1945)์˜ ์ฝ”์˜ค๋„ฌ ์˜ํ•™์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„์ดํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ ๋‚จํ˜ธ์ฐฝ(1965)์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์กฐ์‚ฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” SPSS๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ, ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ํ‰๊ท ๊ณผ ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ, ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ฐœ๋Š” Pearson Correlation Coefficient๋กœ. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๋Š” t-test์™€ ANOVA๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1. ๋…ธ์ธํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ์ •๋„๋Š” 25์ ์—์„œ 125์ ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์ตœ์ € 29์ ์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ  111์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ‰๊ท ์€ 70.9์ , ํ‰๊ท ํ‰์ ์€ 2.8์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ†ต๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ์„ ๋ฌธํ•ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ "๋‚˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‹ค"(3.93)์™€ "๋‚˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์žฅ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ง€ ์—ผ๋ ค๋œ๋‹ค"(3.76),"๋‚˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค"(3.69)์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€"๋‚˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค"(1.91)์™€ "๋‚˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์›๋ง์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค"(2.03)๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 2. ๋…ธ์ธํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ์ •๋„๋Š” 52์ ์—์„œ 260์ ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์ตœ์ €78์ ์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ  242์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ‰๊ท ์€ 177.4์ , ํ‰๊ท ํ‰์ ์€ 3.4์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ†ต๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๋Š” 30์ ์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ  150์ ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์ตœ์ € 53์ ์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ  143์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ‰๊ท ์€107.3์ , ํ‰๊ท ํ‰์ ์€ 3.6์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ต์  ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์ •์‹ ์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๋Š” 22์ ์—์„œ 110์ ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์ตœ์ € 25์ ์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ  104์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ‰๊ท ์€ 72.9, ํ‰๊ท ํ‰์ ์€ 3.2์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 3. ๋…ธ์ธํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์€ ์—ญ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(r=-.57, p<.001). ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ(r=-.49,P<.001)๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ •์‹ ์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ(r=-.55, p<.001)๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 4. ๋…ธ์ธํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์—ญ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ(r=-37, p.05) . 5. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ ์ •๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋” ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค(t=-2.21, p<.05). ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ๋งŽ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ(t=-1.79, p<.05), ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ (t=-2.71, p<.01), ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ข…์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(F=3.48,p<.01). ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋…ธ์ธํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ์™€์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋…ธ์ธํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ „๋žต์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋…ธ์ธ์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ •์‹ ์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์ •์‹ ์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์ง€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] The number of older people has increased with the development in science and medical technology. The high prevalence of chronic disease arts complex disease in the elderly is increasing the needs of caregivers. Traditionally in Korea, The family has carried the primary responsibility of caregiving and they will continue to be caregivers for the elderly in the future. In cases in which the family was the primary caregiver, caring for the elderly patient they experienced physical, emotional, and social burden. The accumulation of burden disturbed the quality of life and well-being. Thus, this study was conducted to present the basic data in nursing intervention which would minimize the caregivers' burden and promote their health status through understanding the relationship between the burden and the health status of the family caregivers of elderly patients. The sample consisted of family caregivers of eldery patient who had been discharged from a university hospital in Seoul 1 - 12 months prior to the study. The period of the data collection was from October 10,1994 to November 12, 1994. The burden was measured using Oh's Burden Scale : And the health status was measured using Cornell Medical Index which Bredman(1975) designed and was modified by Nam, Ho Chang(1965). And this tool was modified for this research. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Person Correlation The result of the study indicated that the score of the burden level of the subjects was 70.9 out of a maximum possible score of 125. The total score of the health status level was 177.4 out of a maximum possible score of 260. The correlation between the level of burden and health status wag significant in the bivariate analysis(r=.57, p.05). In conclusion, the burden of family caregivers correlated with the health status of the family primary caregiver. So, the health status of the family caregiver must be considered in order to understand the burden of the family caregiver who is caring for the elderly patient. Nursing strategies need to be planned for them Especially, supportive core must be provided to improve the emotional health status of the family caregiver.prohibitio

    The Turns of perspectives in music video studies

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    ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ๋ฎค์ง๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ์„  ๋ฎค์ง๋น„๋””์˜ค์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„, ์ฆ‰ ๋ฎค์ง ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „ ์ด์ „ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์™€ MTV์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ณ€๋˜๋Š” ๋ฎค์ง ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „ ๋‹จ๊ณ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฐ๋…์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ์ž‘๋น„๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์ž…๋œ ์ŠคํŽ™ํ„ฐํดํ•œ ๋Œ€์ž‘์„ ๋‚ณ์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ํ™”๋ฉด์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ, ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ๋‚š์•„์ฑ„๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฎค์ง๋น„๋””์˜ค์˜ ํญ์ฆ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฎค์ง๋น„๋””์˜ค ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€๋ชจํ–ˆ๋“ฏ ๋ฎค์ง๋น„๋””์˜ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๊ด€์ ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1์„ธ๋Œ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฌธํ™”์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์˜ํ™”์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฎค์ง๋น„๋””์˜ค์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์•ค ์บํ”Œ๋ž€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ชจ๋”๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ๋‹ด๋ก ์ด๋‚˜ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์—์„œ ๋ฎค์ง๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฎค์ง ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ๋ฆ„์€ 1์„ธ๋Œ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฎค์ง๋น„๋””์˜ค์˜ ์Œ์•…์  ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ด๋ก ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์•ค๋“œ๋ฅ˜ ๊ตฟ์œˆ์„ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  3์„ธ๋Œ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋“ค์–ด์™€ ๋ฎค์ง๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ์ฒญ๊ฐ์  ๋ฏธํ•™, ์ฆ‰ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋งค์ฒด์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์‹œ์ฒญ๊ฐ์  ๋งค๊ฐœ๊ณผ์ •์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ์™€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋‚˜๋“ค๋ฉฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณต๊ฐ๊ฐ์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. This paper aims to investigate the shift of perspectives in the history of research on music video. Since music video itself has been transformed through the times, it is necessary to begin by defining what constitutes a music video. I suggest that the history of music video can be divided into three phases: a pre-televisual, a televisual, and a current post-televisual or YouTube phase. In this context the main focus of music video studies has changed, too. I explain these shifts of focuses in three waves. While the first wave of the writings on music video focuses on the analysis of the visual and the narrative by means of theoretical frameworks of film studies or cultural studies, the second wave emphasizes the concern about the sonic in music video. The two major theorists A. Kaplan and A. Goodwin each take one of two contrary positions, with Kaplan drawing on postmodernism and film theory and with Goodwin stressing the sound. In fact Goodwins main concern is to investigate how the visual and the sound interact, so his thought anticipates the next turn. The third wave is called an audio-visual studies. Michel Chions Audio-Vision can be taken as the forerunner of it. Audio-vision of music video is not merely visual representation of music or musical extensions of vision but a supplemental effect beyond the individual elements: a fundamental audio-visuality.N

    ์Œ์•… ํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ ๋งค์ฒด์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ์Œ์•…๊ต์œก์ „๊ณต,1999.Maste

    A Study on the Health Knowledge of Middle School Graduates in Seoul

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    ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[์˜๋ฌธ] [ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋ณด๊ฑด์‚ฌ์—…์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ•™๊ต๋ณด๊ฑด์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค๊ฒจ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ดˆยท์ฆยท๊ณ ๋“ฑ ํ•˜๊ต ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ด๊ณ  ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ํš๋“ํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ ํ‰์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ฒด์งˆ ๋ฐ ์ฒด ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฐœํŒ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์œ ์ง€์™€ ์ฆ์ง„์„ ์œ„ ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ํ•™๊ต ์ƒํ™œ์ค‘์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์ง€๋Š” ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ต์œก์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ํ•™๊ต ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ต์œก์€ ๋ณด๊ฑด์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ง€ ์‹๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ด€๋ จ๊ต๊ณผ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‚ด์‹ค์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ต์œฝ์ด ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ด€๋ จ ๊ต๊ณผ์˜ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜๋ฌด๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์กธ์—…์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด์ง€์‹ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๊ต ์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๋‚ด์šฉ๋ถ„์„์€ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ด€๋ จ ๊ต๊ณผ์ธ ์ฑ„์œก(5์ข…), ๊ฐ€์ •(1์ข…), ๊ณผํ•™(5 ์ข…) ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„ ์ •ํ•œ 10๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ฑด์ง€์‹ ์ธก์ •์€ ์„œ ์šธ ์‹œ๋‚ด์— ์†Œ์žฌํ•œ 3๊ฐœ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 1ํ•™๋…„ ๋‚จยท๋…€ํ•™์ƒ 300๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 1 993๋…„ 4์›” 28์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 5์›” 1์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1. ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๋‚ด์šฉ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ 1ํ•™๋…„ ์ฒด์œก์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ 1ํ•™๋…„ ์ฒด์œก, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2 ํ•™๋…„ ๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์—์„œ, ์˜์–‘๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ 1ํ•™๋…„ ์ฒด์œก๊ณผ 1, 3ํ•™๋…„ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ, ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์€ 3ํ•™ ๋…„ ์ฒด์œก์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ 2ํ•™๋…„ ์ฒด์œก์—์„œ, ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ 3ํ•™๋…„ ์ฒด์œก ๊ณผ 2ํ•™๋…„ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ, ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ 2ํ•™๋…„ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ, ์•ˆ์ „์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ 1ํ•™๋…„ ์ฒด์œก์—์„œ, ์ง€ ์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ 2, 3ํ•™๋…„ ์ฒด์œก๊ณผ 3ํ•™๋…„ ๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ 1, 2ํ•™๋…„ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ๋ณด๊ฑด์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํŠน์„ฑ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๋„๋Š” 62.5%์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต๋•Œ ๋ณด๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ต๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ์€ ์ฒด์œก๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ธ๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ์€ ์ฒด์œก, ๊ฐ€์ •์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค(X**2=6.14, P<.01). ๋ณด๊ฑด์ง€์‹์˜ ์ถฉ๋ถ„์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ์€ ์ „์ฒด์˜ 2.6%๋งŒ ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” 5.3%, ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค(X**2=9.68, P<.01). ๋ณด๊ฑด์ง€์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์–ป์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ต๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ 41.7%, ๋งค์Šค์ปด์ด๋‚˜ ์žก ์ง€ 33.2% ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋น„๊ต์—์„œ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ์€ ๋งค์Šค์ปด์ด๋‚˜ ์žก์ง€ 33.2%, ์—ฌํ•™ ์ƒ์€ ๊ต๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ 51.1%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค (X**2=12.80, P<.0 5). ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ต์œก์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋กœ 58.8%๊ฐ€ ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” 62.1%๊ฐ€ ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” 55.7%๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘ ๊ตฐ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค (X**2=9.30, P<.05). 3. ๋ณดํŽธ์ง€์‹ ์ •๋„ ๋ณด๊ฑด์ง€์‹ ์ •๋„๋Š” 50์  ๋งŒ์ ์— ์ตœ๊ณ ์ ์€ 36์ , ์ตœ์ €์ ์€ 20์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ท ์€ 27.09ยฑ2.96์  ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด์ง€์‹ ์ •๋„๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋ณ„๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ 26.42์ , ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ 27.7 3์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ์ด ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค (t=-3.67, P<.01). 50%๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ์ •๋‹ต๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์ธ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์€ ์ „์ฒด 50๋ฌธํ•ญ ์ค‘์—์„œ 26๊ฐœ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๋ฉด ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ์•ˆ์ „์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ 4๋ฌธํ•ญ, ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ 3๋ฌธํ•ญ, ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ์˜์–‘๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ 2๋ฌธํ•ญ, ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ 1๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์˜ ์—ญ์€ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•(3.35)์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์˜์—ญ์€ ์•ˆ์ „์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•(1. 80)์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚จยท๋…€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ต์œก๋‚ด์šฉ์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์ด ์„ค์ •๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ต์œก ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ ๊ต๊ณผ์— ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ  ํ•™๋…„๊ฐ„ ์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„์„ฑ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹จ๋…๊ต๊ณผ๋กœ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋˜์–ด ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ต ์œก ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. A STUDY ON THE HEALTH KNOWLEDGE OF MIDDLE SCHOOL GRADUATES IN SEOUL. Hye Kyung Shin Graduate school of Health Science and Magagement Yonsei University Directed by Professor Kyung-Ja Lee, R.N., Ph.D.) We know the importance of school health to health in general but it is particularly important as the primary, middle, and high school students are the masters of the future. Health acquired in this period is based on constitution and physical strength, and therefore, these are very important. Health education in school is very effective for the maintenance of health and development and so achievment of the health during school life when the students have sharp sensibilities and active growth is an essential. So far student have been given health education which is associated only with knowledge. A more worthy model of health education, which has not been executed, is one in which the student's self-care ability is improved. This study consisted of an analysis of content associated with health found in the textbooks followed in the curriculum of the middle school, and an evaluation of the health knowledge of the middle school students. The objective of the research was to supply fundamental data that can be used to supplement for areas in the curriculum that are deficient for health education. The contents of the gymnastics(5), home economics(1) and science(5) textbooks related to health in the middle school curriculum were divided into 10 areas and analyzed. They were selected by the researcher. In order to obtain information regarding the students' knowledge, a questionnaire was given to 300 first grade students, bath male and female in three high schools during the period from April 28 to May 1, 1993. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Analysis of health related content in the curriculum Personnal health is covered in first grade gymnastics, health related to growth and development also in first grade gymnastics and second grade home economics and science. Nutrition and health are covered in first grade gymnastics and first and third grade home economics, prevention of disease in third grade gymnastics. Drugs and health in second grade gymnastics, mental health in third grade gymnastics and second grade home economics, sex and health in second grade home economics, accident prevention and health in first grade gymnastics and third grade science, and family life and health in first and second grade home economics. 2. Health knowledge and related characteristics The degree of health interest was 62.5%. Male students are taught health in gymnastics and science whereas female students are taught health in gymnastics and home economics. These results showed a statistically difference by sex (X2=6.14, P<.01). The degree of satisfaction with health knowledge was only 2.6% (Male students: 5.3%, Female students: 0.0%, X2=9.68, P<.01). The most frequent method for the students to get health knowledge was the textbook taught in school(41.7%) and the next was mass-media or magazines(33.2%). The degree that the students thought health education was necessary was 58.8%. Male students responded 62.1%, female students, 55.7% (X2=9.30, P<.05). 3. Degree of health knowledge The degree of health knowledge was only 27.09ยฑ2.96. The range was from 20 to 36 of a possible total of 50. Therefore, the degree of health knowledge is estimated to be low. Comparing the degree of health interest between male students(26.42) and female students(27.73), that of the female students was higher than that of the male students. Items that were scored less than 50% totaled 26. That is, four in each of growth-development and health, mental health, and accident prevention and health, three in community health, two in each of personal health, nutrition and health, drug and health, sex and health, and family life and health, one in prevention of disease. The results showed a mean score in each area ranging from 3.35(drugs and health) to 1.8(accident prevention and health). In summary, the results of this research indicate a need far concern regarding the contents of the curriculum and education difference according to the sex of the student. The contents of health education were found to be scattered, not organized and not related to grades. This research suggests a need for health education to be covered in an independent textbook and the contents of health education to correspond to the social changes and the demands of the students.restrictio
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