6 research outputs found

    직선 μ’Œν‘œλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ 곑면 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ μ΅œλ‹¨ 거리 계산

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    Thesis (master`s)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ „κΈ°Β· 컴퓨터곡학뢀,2003.Maste

    λ•…μ˜ 속성이 건좕 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ— μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ” 방식에 κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ : FOAλ₯Ό μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사) --μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :건좕학과,2008.2.Maste

    Information structural replacement of β€˜un/nun’ and β€˜i/ka’

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅λŒ€ν•™μ› : μΈλ¬ΈλŒ€ν•™ κ΅­μ–΄κ΅­λ¬Έν•™κ³Ό, 2022.2. μ „μ˜μ² .본고의 λͺ©μ μ€ β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™κ³Ό β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™μ˜ λŒ€μ²΄ 양상 및 그와 κ΄€λ ¨λœ νŠΉμ§•μ„ μ •λ³΄κ΅¬μ‘°μ˜ μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κ³  μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 것이닀. 이런 이유둜 λ³Έκ³ μ—μ„œλŠ” β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™κ³Ό β€˜μ΄/가’가 각각 μ •λ³΄κ΅¬μ‘°μ μœΌλ‘œ μ–΄λ–€ 의미λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— 따라 각각 β€˜μ΄/가’와 β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λͺ©μ μ€ λ‹΄ν™” μ°Έμ—¬μžκ°€ μƒλŒ€λ°©μ—κ²Œ μ „λ‹¬ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” 정보λ₯Ό 포μž₯ν•˜λŠ” ν˜•μ‹μ΄ 정보ꡬ쑰이며, κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ ν˜•μ‹μ€ λ‹΄ν™” μ°Έμ—¬μžμ˜ μ˜μ‚¬μ— 따라 κ·Έλ•Œκ·Έλ•Œ λ³€ν™”ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μƒκ°μ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘ν•œλ‹€. κ²°κ΅­ λ™μΌν•œ λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œ β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™κ³Ό β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™μ˜ λŒ€μ²΄κ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것은 λŒ€μ²΄λ‘œ 인해 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” 의미 차이가 λ§₯락 μ•ˆμ—μ„œ λ°›μ•„λ“€μ—¬μ§ˆ μˆ˜μ€€μ΄λΌλŠ” 점을 μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€. λ³Έκ³ μ—μ„œλŠ” β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™μ˜ 의미둜 ν™”μ œμ™€ λŒ€μ‘° ν™”μ œ, λŒ€μ‘° μ΄ˆμ μ„ μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬μ„±λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” ν™”μ œλ₯Ό μ •μ˜ν•˜κΈ°μ— 뢀쑱함이 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κΈ°μ‘΄ 연ꡬλ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ μ •μ–ΈνŒλ‹¨μ˜ λŒ€μƒμ„ ν™”μ œλ‘œ μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™μ˜ 기본적인 μ˜λ―Έκ°€ ν™”μ œμ™€ λŒ€μ‘° 쀑 무엇인지 μš°μ—΄μ„ 가릴 수 μ—†μœΌλ©°, 두 μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” λ…λ¦½μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œλ‹€λŠ” 견해λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μ‘° ν™”μ œμ™€ λŒ€μ‘° μ΄ˆμ μ„ κ΅¬λ³„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν™”μ œμ˜ β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™μ€ 정보 초점의 β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™λ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄λ  수 있으며, λŒ€μ²΄ μ‹œμ—λŠ” μ •μ–Έλ¬Έμ—μ„œ μ œμ–Έλ¬ΈμœΌλ‘œ λ¬Έμž₯의 μœ ν˜• λ³€ν™”κ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ³€ν™”λŠ” λ‹΄ν™” μ°Έμ—¬μžκ°€ λ™μΌν•œ 사건이라도 μ •μ–ΈνŒλ‹¨μ„ 톡해 사건을 두 가지 μ •λ³΄λ‘œ λΆ„λ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬ 전달할 μˆ˜λ„, λ‹¨μΌνŒλ‹¨μ„ 톡해 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ •λ³΄λ‘œ 전달할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŒμ„ 보여쀀닀. ν™”μ œμ˜ β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™μ΄ μ „μ œμ˜ β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™λ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄λ˜λŠ” 경우 μ—­μ‹œ 확인할 수 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ° μ΄λŠ” μ „μ œκ°€ ν™”μ œ ν˜Ήμ€ 초점과 λ™λ“±ν•œ μ§€μœ„λ₯Ό 가진 κ°œλ…μ€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€λ§Œ, 이 μ—­μ‹œ λ‹΄ν™”μ—μ„œ 주어진 정보에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜κΈ°μ— λŒ€μ²΄κ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 보인닀. λŒ€μ‘° ν™”μ œμ˜ β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™μ€ β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™λ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄λ˜κΈ° μ–΄λ €μ› λŠ”λ°, μ΄λŠ” β€˜λŒ€μ‘°β€™μ™€ β€˜ν™”μ œβ€™μ˜ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™λ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” 정보ꡬ쑰 μ˜λ―Έμ™€ 거리가 μžˆμ–΄ λŒ€μ²΄ μ „ν›„μ˜ 의미 λ³€ν™”κ°€ λ™μΌν•œ λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œ 받아듀여지기 μ–΄λ ΅κΈ° λ•Œλ¬ΈμœΌλ‘œ 보인닀. λ‹€λ§Œ μ„ ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€μ‘° ν™”μ œμ˜ β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™μ΄ ν™”μ œμ™€ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ 정보 초점의 β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™λ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄λ  수 μžˆλŠ” κ²½μš°κ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€. λŒ€μ‘° 초점의 β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™μ€ 확인 초점의 β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™λ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄κ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€. μ΄λŠ” λŒ€μ‘° 초점과 확인 초점이 λ™μΌν•˜κ²Œ μ΄ˆμ μ— ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” κ°œλ…μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬ΈμœΌλ‘œ 보인닀. λ‹€λ§Œ 확인 μ΄ˆμ μ€ 뢀가적 정보λ₯Ό ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠκΈ°μ— 뢀가적 정보가 μžˆλŠ” λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œλŠ” λŒ€μ‘° μ΄ˆμ μ„ 확인 초점으둜 λŒ€μ²΄ν•  수 μ—†λ‹€. β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™μ˜ μ˜λ―Έλ‘œλŠ” 확인 초점, 정보 μ΄ˆμ μ„ μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λ•Œ 확인 μ΄ˆμ μ€ 총망라성을 가진 μš”μ†Œλ‘œ, 질문의 μ˜λ¬Έμ‚¬κ°€ μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 신정보가 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ…Όν•­μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” 반면, 정보 μ΄ˆμ μ€ 총망라성을 가지지 μ•Šμ€ μš”μ†Œλ‘œ 초점이 λ°œν™”λ˜λŠ” λ¬Έμž₯ 전체가 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 신정보에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•œλ‹€. 확인 초점의 β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™λŠ” λŒ€μ‘° 초점의 β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 이 κ²½μš°μ—λ„ 두 μš”μ†Œμ˜ λŒ€μ²΄κ°€ 비ꡐ적 μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μœΌλ‚˜, λŒ€ν™” μ°Έμ—¬μžκ°€ μ„œμˆ μ–΄μ˜ μž‘μš©μ„ λ°›λŠ” λŒ€μƒμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ •λ³΄μ—λ§Œ 관심이 μžˆκ±°λ‚˜, μ„œμˆ μ–΄κ°€ μ„±λ¦½ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μ—°μ μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μ•ˆμ§‘ν•© μ•ˆμ— μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ λŒ€μƒμ„ λ°°μ œν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 경우 λŒ€μ²΄κ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κΈ° μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€. 정보 초점의 β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™λŠ” ν™”μ œμ˜ β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 이 μ—­μ‹œ μ œμ–Έλ¬Έμ΄ μ •μ–Έλ¬ΈμœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄λ˜λŠ” λ¬Έμž₯ μœ ν˜•μ˜ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό 확인할 수 μžˆλ‹€. 정보 초점의 β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™λŠ” ν™”μ œμ˜ β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™κ³Ό 달리 λ¬Έμž₯의 쀑간에 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  수 μžˆμ–΄, 문쀑에 μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ 정보 초점의 β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™λŠ” μ–΄μˆœμ˜ 문제둜 인해 ν™”μ œμ˜ β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄λ  수 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ νŠΉμ •μ„± μ œμ•½μ΄ μ μš©λ˜λŠ” μƒν™©μ—μ„œλ„ 정보 초점의 β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™λŠ” ν™”μ œμ˜ β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄λ  수 μ—†λ‹€.The purpose of this research paper is mainly to examined the alternative aspects of β€˜un/nun’ and β€˜i/ka’ and related characteristics within the same context and to explain them in terms of information structure. In this pursuit, it was observed if β€˜un/nun’ and β€˜i/ka’ can be replaced and what kind of changes in meaning occur before and after the replacement. The analysis stems from that parties in discourse pack information they wish to deliver in the form of information structure and that such format can be changed at any time by the will of the participants in that discourse. In this sense, it is understood that when β€˜un/nun’ or β€˜i/ka’ is replaceable by the other, the change in contextual meaning that arises out of the change can be accepted. β€˜un/nun’ as topic can be replaced by β€˜i/ka’ of informational focus and the type of sentence changes with the replacement from categorical sentences to thetic sentences. The change indicates that a speaker may talk about an event in two separate part of information based on categorical judgement and that he or she may talk about the same event as a single piece of information through thetic judgement. Replacement of β€˜un/nun’ as topic with β€˜i/ka’ as presupposition is also found, which means that presupposition can replace topic as given information in the discourse, although not on par with topic. The β€˜un/nun’ used for contrastive topic is not readily replaceable by β€˜i/ka’ andthe reason seems to be that the meaning of β€˜i/ka’ in terms of information structure is quite distant from that of β€˜contrast’ and β€˜topic’. Still, there are possibilities that preceding β€˜un/nun’ for contrastive topic is replaced with β€˜i/ka’ of informational focus. β€˜un/nun’ for contrastive focus can be replaced with β€˜i/ka’ of identificational focus. This appears to owe the explanation to the fact that both contrastive focus and identificational focus belong to the concept of focus. However, since identificational focus does not require for additional information as contrastive focus does, contrastive focus can not be replaced by identificational focus in contexts where additional information is available. Now, β€˜i/ka’ for identificational focus can be replaced with β€˜un/nun’ of contrastive focus. The substitution in this scenario is relatively natural but in case of delivering information about an element of a sentence being described with a predicate, or where all other elements need to be excluded in order for a predicate to work, the replacement is not easy to be made. Finally, β€˜i/ka’ of informational focus can be replaced with β€˜un/nun’ for topic. Such replacement may be witnessed in transition of a sentence from thetic judgement to categorical sentences. β€˜i/ka’ of informational focus can be placed in the middle of a sentence, unlike β€˜un/nun’ for topic and therefore, β€˜i/ka’ of informational focus may not be replaced with topic if placed at somewhere other than the beginning of a sentence due to word order. Also, when an object that did not exist before is introduced into a discourse, such as an existentials, β€˜i/ka’ cannot be replaced with β€˜un/nun’ due to Specificity Restriction.1. μ„œλ‘  1 1.1. 연ꡬ λͺ©μ  및 λŒ€μƒ 1 1.2. μ„ ν–‰ 연ꡬ 4 1.3. λ…Όμ˜μ˜ ꡬ성 8 2. 기본적 λ…Όμ˜ 9 2.1. μ •λ³΄κ΅¬μ‘°μ˜ μœ ν˜• 9 2.2. ν™”μ œμ˜ μ •μ˜μ™€ μ’…λ₯˜ 14 2.2.1. ν™”μ œμ˜ κ°œλ…κ³Ό μ‹€ν˜„ 방식 14 2.2.2. ν™”μ œμ˜ μ’…λ₯˜ 20 2.3. 초점의 μ •μ˜μ™€ μ’…λ₯˜ 23 2.3.1. 초점의 κ°œλ…κ³Ό μ‹€ν˜„ 방식 23 2.3.2. 초점의 μ’…λ₯˜ 27 3. '은/λŠ”'μ—μ„œ '이/κ°€'둜 λŒ€μ²΄ 34 3.1. ν™”μ œμ˜ '은/λŠ”' 35 3.2. λŒ€μ‘° ν™”μ œμ˜ '은/λŠ”' 53 3.3. λŒ€μ‘° 초점의 '은/λŠ”' 64 3.4. μ†Œκ²° 71 4. '이/κ°€'μ—μ„œ '은/λŠ”'으둜 λŒ€μ²΄ 72 4.1. 확인 초점의 '이/κ°€' 72 4.2. 정보 초점의 '이/κ°€' 79 4.3. μ†Œκ²° 89 5. κ²°λ‘  90 뢀둝 92 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 93 ABSTRACT 99석

    Information structural replacement of β€˜un/nun’ and β€˜i/ka’

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    본고의 λͺ©μ μ€ β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™κ³Ό β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™μ˜ λŒ€μ²΄ 양상 및 그와 κ΄€λ ¨λœ νŠΉμ§•μ„ μ •λ³΄κ΅¬μ‘°μ˜ μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κ³  μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 것이닀. 이런 이유둜 λ³Έκ³ μ—μ„œλŠ” β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™κ³Ό β€˜μ΄/가’가 각각 μ •λ³΄κ΅¬μ‘°μ μœΌλ‘œ μ–΄λ–€ 의미λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— 따라 각각 β€˜μ΄/가’와 β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λͺ©μ μ€ λ‹΄ν™” μ°Έμ—¬μžκ°€ μƒλŒ€λ°©μ—κ²Œ μ „λ‹¬ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” 정보λ₯Ό 포μž₯ν•˜λŠ” ν˜•μ‹μ΄ 정보ꡬ쑰이며, κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ ν˜•μ‹μ€ λ‹΄ν™” μ°Έμ—¬μžμ˜ μ˜μ‚¬μ— 따라 κ·Έλ•Œκ·Έλ•Œ λ³€ν™”ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μƒκ°μ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘ν•œλ‹€. κ²°κ΅­ λ™μΌν•œ λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œ β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™κ³Ό β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™μ˜ λŒ€μ²΄κ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것은 λŒ€μ²΄λ‘œ 인해 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” 의미 차이가 λ§₯락 μ•ˆμ—μ„œ λ°›μ•„λ“€μ—¬μ§ˆ μˆ˜μ€€μ΄λΌλŠ” 점을 μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€. λ³Έκ³ μ—μ„œλŠ” β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™μ˜ 의미둜 ν™”μ œμ™€ λŒ€μ‘° ν™”μ œ, λŒ€μ‘° μ΄ˆμ μ„ μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬μ„±λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” ν™”μ œλ₯Ό μ •μ˜ν•˜κΈ°μ— 뢀쑱함이 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κΈ°μ‘΄ 연ꡬλ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ μ •μ–ΈνŒλ‹¨μ˜ λŒ€μƒμ„ ν™”μ œλ‘œ μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™μ˜ 기본적인 μ˜λ―Έκ°€ ν™”μ œμ™€ λŒ€μ‘° 쀑 무엇인지 μš°μ—΄μ„ 가릴 수 μ—†μœΌλ©°, 두 μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” λ…λ¦½μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œλ‹€λŠ” 견해λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μ‘° ν™”μ œμ™€ λŒ€μ‘° μ΄ˆμ μ„ κ΅¬λ³„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν™”μ œμ˜ β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™μ€ 정보 초점의 β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™λ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄λ  수 있으며, λŒ€μ²΄ μ‹œμ—λŠ” μ •μ–Έλ¬Έμ—μ„œ μ œμ–Έλ¬ΈμœΌλ‘œ λ¬Έμž₯의 μœ ν˜• λ³€ν™”κ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ³€ν™”λŠ” λ‹΄ν™” μ°Έμ—¬μžκ°€ λ™μΌν•œ 사건이라도 μ •μ–ΈνŒλ‹¨μ„ 톡해 사건을 두 가지 μ •λ³΄λ‘œ λΆ„λ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬ 전달할 μˆ˜λ„, λ‹¨μΌνŒλ‹¨μ„ 톡해 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ •λ³΄λ‘œ 전달할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŒμ„ 보여쀀닀. ν™”μ œμ˜ β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™μ΄ μ „μ œμ˜ β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™λ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄λ˜λŠ” 경우 μ—­μ‹œ 확인할 수 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ° μ΄λŠ” μ „μ œκ°€ ν™”μ œ ν˜Ήμ€ 초점과 λ™λ“±ν•œ μ§€μœ„λ₯Ό 가진 κ°œλ…μ€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€λ§Œ, 이 μ—­μ‹œ λ‹΄ν™”μ—μ„œ 주어진 정보에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜κΈ°μ— λŒ€μ²΄κ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 보인닀. λŒ€μ‘° ν™”μ œμ˜ β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™μ€ β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™λ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄λ˜κΈ° μ–΄λ €μ› λŠ”λ°, μ΄λŠ” β€˜λŒ€μ‘°β€™μ™€ β€˜ν™”μ œβ€™μ˜ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™λ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” 정보ꡬ쑰 μ˜λ―Έμ™€ 거리가 μžˆμ–΄ λŒ€μ²΄ μ „ν›„μ˜ 의미 λ³€ν™”κ°€ λ™μΌν•œ λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œ 받아듀여지기 μ–΄λ ΅κΈ° λ•Œλ¬ΈμœΌλ‘œ 보인닀. λ‹€λ§Œ μ„ ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€μ‘° ν™”μ œμ˜ β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™μ΄ ν™”μ œμ™€ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ 정보 초점의 β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™λ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄λ  수 μžˆλŠ” κ²½μš°κ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€. λŒ€μ‘° 초점의 β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™μ€ 확인 초점의 β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™λ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄κ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€. μ΄λŠ” λŒ€μ‘° 초점과 확인 초점이 λ™μΌν•˜κ²Œ μ΄ˆμ μ— ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” κ°œλ…μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬ΈμœΌλ‘œ 보인닀. λ‹€λ§Œ 확인 μ΄ˆμ μ€ 뢀가적 정보λ₯Ό ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠκΈ°μ— 뢀가적 정보가 μžˆλŠ” λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œλŠ” λŒ€μ‘° μ΄ˆμ μ„ 확인 초점으둜 λŒ€μ²΄ν•  수 μ—†λ‹€. β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™μ˜ μ˜λ―Έλ‘œλŠ” 확인 초점, 정보 μ΄ˆμ μ„ μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λ•Œ 확인 μ΄ˆμ μ€ 총망라성을 가진 μš”μ†Œλ‘œ, 질문의 μ˜λ¬Έμ‚¬κ°€ μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 신정보가 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ…Όν•­μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” 반면, 정보 μ΄ˆμ μ€ 총망라성을 가지지 μ•Šμ€ μš”μ†Œλ‘œ 초점이 λ°œν™”λ˜λŠ” λ¬Έμž₯ 전체가 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 신정보에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•œλ‹€. 확인 초점의 β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™λŠ” λŒ€μ‘° 초점의 β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 이 κ²½μš°μ—λ„ 두 μš”μ†Œμ˜ λŒ€μ²΄κ°€ 비ꡐ적 μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μœΌλ‚˜, λŒ€ν™” μ°Έμ—¬μžκ°€ μ„œμˆ μ–΄μ˜ μž‘μš©μ„ λ°›λŠ” λŒ€μƒμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ •λ³΄μ—λ§Œ 관심이 μžˆκ±°λ‚˜, μ„œμˆ μ–΄κ°€ μ„±λ¦½ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μ—°μ μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μ•ˆμ§‘ν•© μ•ˆμ— μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ λŒ€μƒμ„ λ°°μ œν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 경우 λŒ€μ²΄κ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κΈ° μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€. 정보 초점의 β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™λŠ” ν™”μ œμ˜ β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 이 μ—­μ‹œ μ œμ–Έλ¬Έμ΄ μ •μ–Έλ¬ΈμœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄λ˜λŠ” λ¬Έμž₯ μœ ν˜•μ˜ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό 확인할 수 μžˆλ‹€. 정보 초점의 β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™λŠ” ν™”μ œμ˜ β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™κ³Ό 달리 λ¬Έμž₯의 쀑간에 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  수 μžˆμ–΄, 문쀑에 μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ 정보 초점의 β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™λŠ” μ–΄μˆœμ˜ 문제둜 인해 ν™”μ œμ˜ β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄λ  수 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ νŠΉμ •μ„± μ œμ•½μ΄ μ μš©λ˜λŠ” μƒν™©μ—μ„œλ„ 정보 초점의 β€˜μ΄/κ°€β€™λŠ” ν™”μ œμ˜ β€˜μ€/λŠ”β€™μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄λ  수 μ—†λ‹€.The purpose of this research paper is mainly to examined the alternative aspects of β€˜un/nun’ and β€˜i/ka’ and related characteristics within the same context and to explain them in terms of information structure. In this pursuit, it was observed if β€˜un/nun’ and β€˜i/ka’ can be replaced and what kind of changes in meaning occur before and after the replacement. The analysis stems from that parties in discourse pack information they wish to deliver in the form of information structure and that such format can be changed at any time by the will of the participants in that discourse. In this sense, it is understood that when β€˜un/nun’ or β€˜i/ka’ is replaceable by the other, the change in contextual meaning that arises out of the change can be accepted. β€˜un/nun’ as topic can be replaced by β€˜i/ka’ of informational focus and the type of sentence changes with the replacement from categorical sentences to thetic sentences. The change indicates that a speaker may talk about an event in two separate part of information based on categorical judgement and that he or she may talk about the same event as a single piece of information through thetic judgement. Replacement of β€˜un/nun’ as topic with β€˜i/ka’ as presupposition is also found, which means that presupposition can replace topic as given information in the discourse, although not on par with topic. The β€˜un/nun’ used for contrastive topic is not readily replaceable by β€˜i/ka’ andthe reason seems to be that the meaning of β€˜i/ka’ in terms of information structure is quite distant from that of β€˜contrast’ and β€˜topic’. Still, there are possibilities that preceding β€˜un/nun’ for contrastive topic is replaced with β€˜i/ka’ of informational focus. β€˜un/nun’ for contrastive focus can be replaced with β€˜i/ka’ of identificational focus. This appears to owe the explanation to the fact that both contrastive focus and identificational focus belong to the concept of focus. However, since identificational focus does not require for additional information as contrastive focus does, contrastive focus can not be replaced by identificational focus in contexts where additional information is available. Now, β€˜i/ka’ for identificational focus can be replaced with β€˜un/nun’ of contrastive focus. The substitution in this scenario is relatively natural but in case of delivering information about an element of a sentence being described with a predicate, or where all other elements need to be excluded in order for a predicate to work, the replacement is not easy to be made. Finally, β€˜i/ka’ of informational focus can be replaced with β€˜un/nun’ for topic. Such replacement may be witnessed in transition of a sentence from thetic judgement to categorical sentences. β€˜i/ka’ of informational focus can be placed in the middle of a sentence, unlike β€˜un/nun’ for topic and therefore, β€˜i/ka’ of informational focus may not be replaced with topic if placed at somewhere other than the beginning of a sentence due to word order. Also, when an object that did not exist before is introduced into a discourse, such as an existentials, β€˜i/ka’ cannot be replaced with β€˜un/nun’ due to Specificity Restriction.1. μ„œλ‘  1 1.1. 연ꡬ λͺ©μ  및 λŒ€μƒ 1 1.2. μ„ ν–‰ 연ꡬ 4 1.3. λ…Όμ˜μ˜ ꡬ성 8 2. 기본적 λ…Όμ˜ 9 2.1. μ •λ³΄κ΅¬μ‘°μ˜ μœ ν˜• 9 2.2. ν™”μ œμ˜ μ •μ˜μ™€ μ’…λ₯˜ 14 2.2.1. ν™”μ œμ˜ κ°œλ…κ³Ό μ‹€ν˜„ 방식 14 2.2.2. ν™”μ œμ˜ μ’…λ₯˜ 20 2.3. 초점의 μ •μ˜μ™€ μ’…λ₯˜ 23 2.3.1. 초점의 κ°œλ…κ³Ό μ‹€ν˜„ 방식 23 2.3.2. 초점의 μ’…λ₯˜ 27 3. '은/λŠ”'μ—μ„œ '이/κ°€'둜 λŒ€μ²΄ 34 3.1. ν™”μ œμ˜ '은/λŠ”' 35 3.2. λŒ€μ‘° ν™”μ œμ˜ '은/λŠ”' 53 3.3. λŒ€μ‘° 초점의 '은/λŠ”' 64 3.4. μ†Œκ²° 71 4. '이/κ°€'μ—μ„œ '은/λŠ”'으둜 λŒ€μ²΄ 72 4.1. 확인 초점의 '이/κ°€' 72 4.2. 정보 초점의 '이/κ°€' 79 4.3. μ†Œκ²° 89 5. κ²°λ‘  90 뢀둝 92 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 93 ABSTRACT 99석
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