Characterization of a novel antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis K strain and its use in immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis

Dept. of Medical Science/석사Developing rapid and accurate methods for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is a major priority in controlling the disease. The tuberculin skin test, in use for over a century, has remained virtually unchanged and is often complicated by those previously vaccinated against tuberculosis. Recently, assays evaluating a patient’s T-cell response to M. tuberculosis-specific antigens by measuring interferon-gamma (IFN-g) levels have had promising results. Current methods use the highly immunogenic early-secreted protein ESAT-6 in combination with several other M. tuberculosis-specific antigens to elicit an immune response from patient leukocytes. The Beijing family of M. tuberculosis accounts for nearly 50% of all infections in East Asia. In South Korea, a particular strain within this family, the K strain, has been shown to be predominant. Upon comparing the genome of the K strain with the common laboratory strain H37Rv, a K-specific insertion approximately 5.7 kb in size was identified. Within this insertion, the sequence for an ESAT-6 like protein, insB, was found. The purpose of this study was to characterize the immunogenicity of the InsB protein.The sequence for insB was cloned and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), and the recombinant protein was purified. Mice were immunized with either the ESAT-6 or InsB protein and ELISA was performed using serum samples from the immunized mice to evaluate the humoral response to the antigen. The T cell response was measured using flow cytometry to quantify the cytokine response of isolated splenocytes from the mice. ESAT-6 and InsB were used to measure the antibody in tuberculosis (TB) patients as well.A significant difference was seen in B cell response in mice prior to and following immunization with InsB. Splenocytes stimulated with InsB showed strong IFN-g and IL-17 responses and a weak IL-2 response, all of which have been implicated in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. TB patients’ serum samples also showed a significant response to InsB when compared to healthy control samples. These results indicate a K strain-specific immunogenicity of InsB that could further improve upon current immunodiagnostic methods, especially for the South Korean population.ope

Rh, Ir and Cu nanoparticle catalysts; Synthesis, Chracterizations and Its Catalytic Reactions

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Effects of Solvent and Lithiation Agent on Stereoselective of Chiral 1,1'-Bis(Oxazolinyl)ferrocenes

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Rh and Ir Nanoparticles Catalysts for Hydrogenations of Arenes and Ketones under Mild Conditions

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주성분분석 쌍 기반 운동학적 이동 방향 추정 기법

학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 공과대학 항공우주공학과, 2024. 2. 박찬국.본 논문은 스마트 와치를 착용한 보행자의 이동 방향 추정에서의 불일치 문제를 해결하기 위해 팔의 스윙에 대한 운동학적 모델링을 도입한다. 해당 모델은 인간의 보행을 신체의 무게 중심에 대한 움직임과 팔의 스윙 동작으로 분해할 수 있도록 한다. 이동 방향 추정에 방해가 되는 전자를 보상함으로써, 제안한 기법은 올바른 이동 방향을 추정한다. 보행 전체와 팔의 스윙 동작을 반영하는 방향 벡터는 한 쌍의 principal component analysis (PCA)를 통해 계산된다. 해당 기법에 대한 동기는 본 논문에서 제시하는 인간의 보행 동작에 대한 분석에 기초한다. 여러 차례의 실험을 통해 제안한 기법의 성능을 평가했으며, 달리기 트랙 실험에서 제안한 기법을 사용하여 추정한 이동 방향의 평균 오차는 6.07°로 기존의 기법들과 비교하여 57%-70% 성능 향상을 보이며 가장 우수한 성능을 보임을 입증했다. 또한 일반적인 시나리오에서 제안한 기법의 이동 방향에 대한 평균 오차는 5.58°, pseudo-trajectory에 대한 RMSE는 16.89m로, 비교 기법에 비해 각각 56%, 71% 성능 향상을 보이며, PCA 기반 기법의 일반성을 제고했다.The dynamic behavior of pedestrians causes a misalignment problem between the sensor orientation and the walking direction, which hinders the performance of pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) systems. Pedestrians running while wearing smartwatches are constantly faced with this problem. This thesis introduces kinematic modeling of arm swing to solve the misalignment problem in this situation. The model enables the decomposition of human motion into the arm swing and the movement of the center of mass of the body. By compensating for the former, which interferes with the estimation of the walking direction, the proposed method estimates the correct walking direction. The correct direction vector is computed by deducting the direction vector of the arm swing from that of the entire motion, which are both derived from performing two separate principal component analyses (PCA). The motivation for this method is based on the analysis of human motions presented in this thesis. Through several experiments, the performance of the proposed method was evaluated. In the running track experiment, the proposed method demonstrated the best walking direction estimation performance with a mean error of 6.07°, showing an improvement of 57% - 70% compared to the existing methods. Furthermore, in the general scenario, the average directional error of the proposed method was 5.58° and the RMSE of the pseudo-trajectory was 16.89m, representing performance improvements of 56% and 71%, respectively, compared to the baseline method and improved the generality of the PCA-based methods.Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Objectives and contributions 3 Chapter 2 Related Works 5 2.1 Feature-based walking direction estimation 5 2.2 Modeling-based walking direction estimation 8 2.3 Deep learning-based walking direction estimation 13 Chapter 3 Human Motion Analysis 15 3.1 Human gait characteristics 15 3.2 Analysis on human walking 16 3.3 Analysis on human running 19 Chapter 4 Pedestrian Walking Direction Estimation 22 4.1 Problem formulation 24 4.2 Derivation of the direction vector of the entire motion 25 4.2.1 PCA on the acceleration measurement 25 4.2.2 Ambiguity problem 26 4.3 Derivation of the direction vector of the arm swing 27 4.4 Derivation of the coefficients with kinematic modeling 27 4.4.1 Assumption based on human motion analysis 27 4.4.2 Definition of the coefficients 28 4.4.3 Kinematic modeling of arm swing 29 4.5 Walking direction estimation 32 Chapter 5 Experiments and Results 33 5.1 Experiment description 33 5.2 Experimental setup 34 5.3 Validation of the coefficients for motion decomposition 37 5.3.1 Experiment details 37 5.3.2 Estimates of the coefficients 37 5.4 Comparative analysis on running track experiment 40 5.4.1 Experiment details 40 5.4.2 Performance analysis of walking direction estimation 40 5.5 Comparative analysis on general scenario 46 5.5.1 Experiment details 46 5.5.2 A module to distinguish between walking and running 47 5.5.3 Performance analysis of walking direction estimation 48 5.5.4 Performance analysis of pseudo-trajectory 52 Chapter 6 Conclusion 54 6.1 Conclusion and summary 54 6.2 Future works 55 Bibliography 57 국문초록 63석

Application of Reversible Hydrogen Transfer Reaction for Racemization of sec-Alcohols

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Recyclable Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts for Organic Reactions Under Mild Conditions.

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Nover Chiral chemistry Japan(NCCJ)2007 Conference

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Dynamic asymmetric transformation of racemic secondary alcohols by lipase-ruthenium cocatalysis

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Heterogeneous copper catalyst for the Huisgen cycloaddition of azides and alkynes without additives

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