173 research outputs found

    (The) relation between hypocarbia and periventricular leukomalacia in preterm infants with mechanical ventilati

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์˜ ๋‡Œ์‹ค์ฃผ์œ„ ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์—ฐํ™”์ฆ(์ดํ•˜ PVL)์€ ์ธก๋‡Œ์‹ค ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ถ€์œ„์˜ ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์กฐ์ง ์†์ƒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‡Œ์„ฑ๋งˆ๋น„์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์›์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. PVL์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ƒํ›„ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ €ํƒ„์‚ฐํ˜ˆ์ฆ์ด ๋Œ€๋‡Œ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ๋‡Œ์†์ƒ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ PVL์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด, ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํ™˜๊ธฐ์š”๋ฒ•์„ ์‹œํ–‰๋ฐ›์€ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์—์„œ ์ƒํ›„ ์ฒซ 72์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๋™๋งฅํ˜ˆ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ถ„์••๊ณผ PVL์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• : 1998๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2001๋…„ 4์›” ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ถœ์ƒํ•œ ์žฌํƒœ ์ฃผ๋ น 37์ฃผ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ์ €์ถœ์ƒ ์ฒด์ค‘์•„ ์ค‘ ์ƒํ›„ ์ฒซ 72์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํ™˜๊ธฐ์š”๋ฒ•์„ ์‹œํ–‰๋ฐ›์€ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ›„ํ–ฅ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ ํƒœ๋‚ด ์š”์ธ์ด ๊ด€์—ฌ๋˜์–ด PVL์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜์•„๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‡Œ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ PVL์„ ๋ณด์ธ ํ™˜์•„(19๋ช…)์™€ ์ •์ƒ ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ณด์ธ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(38๋ช…)์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ PVL ๊ด€๋ จ ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์–ด๋Š ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์˜ ์ตœ์ € ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ถ„์••๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์ €ํƒ„์‚ฐํ˜ˆ์ฆ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ๋ˆ„์ ๋œ ์˜ํ–ฅ(cummulative effect)์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒํ›„ ์ฒซ 72์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๋™๋งฅํ˜ˆ ๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ถ„์••์„ ๊บพ์€์„  ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ถ„์••์ด 25 mmHg ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋œ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ Y์ถ•์˜ 25 mmHg์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ‰์„ ์„ ๊ทธ์–ด ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์™€ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜•์˜ ๋ฉด์ (area unde r the curve, AUC)์„ COโ‚‚ index๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์˜ ๊บพ์€์„  ์•„๋ž˜ ๋ฉด์ (AUC)์˜ ์ดํ•ฉ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜์•„๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ํ›„ ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ถ„์••(time-averaged PaCOโ‚‚)์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‘ ๊ตฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ TA(time-averaged) -PaOโ‚‚ ๋ฐ TA-pH๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๊ตฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ธ TA-FiOโ‚‚, TA- respiratory rate(RR), TA-peak inspiratory pressure(PIP), TA-mean airway pressure(MAP), TA-ventilator index (VI)๋ฅผ TA-PaCOโ‚‚์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ : PVL๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์žฌํƒœ ์ฃผ๋ น, ์ถœ์ƒ ์ฒด์ค‘ ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ์ „ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ PVL์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ์–‘๋ง‰ํŒŒ์—ด, ์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ, ์‚ฐํ˜ˆ์ฆ, ํŒจํ˜ˆ์ฆ ๋“ฑ์€ ๋‘ ๊ตฐ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋ฆฌ์งˆ๋ง‰์ฆ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(81%)์—์„œ PVL๊ตฐ(42%)์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค( P=0.0025). ์ƒํ›„ ์ฒซ 72์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ COโ‚‚ index, TA-PaCOโ‚‚ ๋ฐ TA-PaOโ‚‚๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ตฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ TA-pH๋Š” PVL๊ตฐ 7.33ยฑ0.06, ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ 7.37ยฑ0.05๋กœ PVL๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค(P=0.035). ๋‘ ๊ตฐ๊ฐ„์— TA-FiOโ‚‚, TA-RR, TA-PIP, TA-MAP ๋ฐ TA-VI์—๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  : ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํ™˜๊ธฐ์š”๋ฒ•์„ ์‹œํ–‰๋ฐ›์€ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์—์„œ ์ถœ์ƒ ํ›„ ์ฒซ 72์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๋™๋งฅํ˜ˆ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ถ„์••์€ PVL์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ PVL์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์—๋Š” ์ „์‹ ์  pH ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์š”์ธ์˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๊ด€์—ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. -------------------- ํ•ต์‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ง : ๋‡Œ์‹ค์ฃผ์œ„ ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์—ฐํ™”์ฆ, ์ €ํƒ„์‚ฐํ˜ˆ์ฆ, ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํ™˜๊ธฐ์š”๋ฒ• [์˜๋ฌธ] The purpose of this study is to investigate whether hypocarbia during the first 3 days of life plays a role in the development of periventricular leukomalacia(PVL) in preterm infants with mechanical ventilation. The medical records were reviewed for 19 infants with PVL and 38 with normal neurosonogram who were born before 37 weeks' gestation and who required mechanical ventilation during the first 3 days of life. The patients' characteristics, antenatal and neonatal variables were compared. The COโ‚‚ index, TA(time-averaged)-PaCOโ‚‚, TA-PaOโ‚‚ and TA-pH were calculated within the first 72 hours of life. The TA-FiOโ‚‚, TA- respiratory rate(RR), TA-peak inspiratory pressure(PIP), TA-mean airway pressure(MAP) and TA-ventilator index(VI) were also calculated. No significant difference was observed in the clinical characteristics or neonatal variables except hyaline membrane disease(42% in PVL group vs 81% in control group)(P=0.0025). There were no significant differences in COโ‚‚ index, TA-PaCOโ‚‚ and TA-PaOโ‚‚ between groups. The TA-pH was lower in infants with PVL(7.33ยฑ0.06) than in control group(7.37ยฑ0.05)(P=0.035). The TA-FiOโ‚‚, TA-RR, TA-PIP, TA-MAP and TA-VI of two groups showed no significant differences. In conclusion, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide during the first 3days of life was not associated with the subsequent development of PVL. The compound effects of other risk factors including systemic pH may be important in the development of PVL in preterm infants.ope

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    ๋‹จ์ผ์ถฉ์ „์šฉ ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ ˆ์ง„๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ ˆ์ง„์˜ ์ถฉ์ „ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์น˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ• ๋‚ด ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™” ๋น„๊ต

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    ์น˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™/์„์‚ฌ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋‹จ์ผ์ถฉ์ „์šฉ ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ ˆ์ง„๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ ˆ์ง„์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹จ์ผ์ถฉ์ „ ์‹œ์™€ ์ ์ธต์ถฉ์ „ ์‹œ ์น˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ• ๋‚ด ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์น˜์•„ ์šฐ์‹์ด๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜๋ณต๋ฌผ์ด ์—†๊ณ  ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์น˜๊ทผ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ƒ์•… ์†Œ๊ตฌ์น˜ 10๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์น˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์— ์ง€๋ฆ„ 2 mm์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ ํ›„ K type ์˜จ๋„์ธก์ •๋‹จ์ž์˜ ๋๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์น˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ• ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์œ„์น˜์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ์น˜๊ทผ์˜ ํ˜‘์ธก ์น˜๊ทผ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ์ธก ์น˜๊ทผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์— ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ๊ด€์„ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ์ชฝ์€ ๋ฌผ์ด ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋„๋ก, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ์ชฝ์€ ๋ฌผ์ด ์œ ์ถœ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ๊ด€์€ ํŽŒํ”„์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตํ•ฉ๋ฉด์— ๊นŠ์ด 4mm์˜ 1๊ธ‰ ์™€๋™์„ ์–ธ๋”์ปท ์—†์ด ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(4 mmร—2 mm). 3๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ ˆ์ง„๊ณผ 4๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋‹จ์ผ์ถฉ์ „์šฉ ๋ ˆ์ง„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๋ ˆ์ง„๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹จ์ผ์ถฉ์ „๊ณผ ์ ์ธต์ถฉ์ „ ์‹œ ์น˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ• ๋‚ด ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ ˆ์ง„์€ Tetric N ceram, Tetirc N ceram bulk fill, Venus bulk fill, Premisa, Sonic fill, SDR, Filtek Z350XT ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ํ•ฉ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 60์ดˆ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , 1Hz์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๋กœ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ ˆ์ง„ ์ค‘ํ•ฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์™€๋™ํ˜•์„ฑ ํ›„ ๋ ˆ์ง„ ์ˆ˜๋ณต ์—†์ด ๊ด‘์ค‘ํ•ฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ตฐ์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ ˆ์ง„ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ผ์›๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋Œ€๋น„๊ฒ€์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ์ผ์ถฉ์ „์šฉ ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ ˆ์ง„๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ถฉ์ „์šฉ ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ ˆ์ง„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์ •๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” Tukey test ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ ˆ์ง„์—์„œ ์ถฉ์ „ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” paired t test๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1.๋‹จ์ผ์ถฉ์ „ ์‹œ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰์€ Filtek Z350XT >Sonic fill โ‰ฅ Venus bulk fill โ‰ฅ Premisa โ‰ฅ Tetric N ceramโ‰ฅ Tetric N ceram bulk fill , SDR ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ์ปธ๋‹ค. (P<0.05) 2.์ ์ธต์ถฉ์ „ ์‹œ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰์€ Filtek Z350XT > Venus bulk fill โ‰ฅ Premisa,Tetric N ceram โ‰ฅ Sonic fill ,Tetric N ceram bulk fill โ‰ฅ SDR ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ์ปธ๋‹ค. (P<0.05) 3.Premisa์™€ Venus bulk fill, Filtek Z350XT, Sonic fill ๋งŒ์ด ๋‹จ์ผ์ถฉ์ „ ์‹œ์˜ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ ์ธต์ถฉ์ „ ์‹œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜์ฐจ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ปธ๋‹ค. (P<0.05) 4.์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ ˆ์ง„์ด ๋‹จ์ผ์ถฉ์ „์šฉ ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ ˆ์ง„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ด‘์ค‘ํ•ฉ ์‹œ ์น˜์ˆ˜ ๋‚ด ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ๋‹ค (p<0.05)ope

    MALDI ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ์ž์„ฑ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„œ์—ดํ™•์ธ ํ–ฅ์ƒํšจ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ™”ํ•™๋ถ€, 2012. 2. ๊น€ํฌ์ค€.Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) treated with phosphoric acid were used to improve sequence coverage in protein identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS). Sample solution of tryptic peptides from proteins was mixed with the MNPs, and the MNPs were separated from the supernatant using a magnet. MALDI mass spectra obtained separately from the supernatant and the MNPs were distinctly different and complementary to each other. Combination of the two spectra led to a significantly increased sequence coverage.MALDI MS์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ์ธ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ž์„ฑ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„œ์—ดํ™•์ธ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ํŠธ๋ฆฝ์‹ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•ด ์‹œํ‚จ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์— ์ž์„ฑ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์„ž์–ด์ค€ ๋‹ค์Œ, ์ž์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ž์„ฑ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์™€ ์ƒ์ธต์•ก์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ž์„ฑ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์™€ ์ƒ์ธต์•ก์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ MALDI ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ๋ณด์™„์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์„œ์—ดํ™•์ธ์„ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ฆ๋Œ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.Maste

    The effect of written support on general educators' teacher efficacy and attitude toward inclusion

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์„œ์‹ ์ง€์›์ด ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•™๊ธ‰๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์žฅ์• ์•„๋™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ 8๊ฐœ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•™๊ธ‰์˜ ๋‹ด์ž„๊ต์‚ฌ 30๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์ง‘๋‹จ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์„œ์‹ ์ง€์›์ด ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ์ด 8ํšŒ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์‹  ์ง€์›์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฅ์• ์•„๋™ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ์  ์ ์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„์€ ์‚ฌ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ณ€์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•™๊ธ‰๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์žฅ์• ์•„๋™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์„œ์‹ ์ง€์›์„ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›์€ ์‹คํ—˜์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ํ†ต์ œ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•™๊ธ‰๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ต์œก ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‚˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•™๊ธ‰๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‹ค์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ ์ง€์› ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ์จ ์„œ์‹ ์ง€์›์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. This study examined the effects of written support for general educators. Written support consisted of individualized weekly newsletters prepared to inform classroom teachers about the social and academic inclusion of children with disabilities who were included in their classrooms. Participants were 30 general educators included students with disabilities in Seoul. A pretest-post test control group design was used to assess teacher-efficacy, the attitudes of general educators toward inclusion. Analysis of covariance(ANCOVA) was conducted with post-test scores of three measures, considering pre-test scores of each survey as the co-variate. Results revealed that general educators in the written support group showed significantly higher scores in both teacher-efficacy and attitudes toward inclusion

    ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฒฐ์ •Selfdetermination์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ต์œก ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”๋„ ์ธ์‹ ๋ฐ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ์‹คํ–‰๋„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ

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    ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ณผ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ต์œก ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ต์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”๋„ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ์‹คํ–‰๋„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„œ์šธ์‹œ์™€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ต, ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ธ‰์˜ ์ดˆ๋“ฑ, ์ค‘๋“ฑ ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ต์œก ๊ต์‚ฌ 336๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด๋ฌธํ•ญ๋ณ„, ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„, ๋ฌธํ•ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ์ค‘์š”๋„ ์ธ์‹ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ–‰๋„๋ฅผ ๊ต์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๋ณ€์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋†’์€ ์‘๋‹ต์„ ๋ณด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ต์ˆ˜ ์‹คํ–‰๋„๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ต์œกํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜์™€ ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ต์œก ํ˜„์žฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐ ์ถ”ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Recently, self-determination skill instruction has been recognized as one of the important factors for the quality of life of people with disabilities in their adulthood. This study was designed to investigate the perception of special educators regarding the significance of self-determination skill instruction and the degree of their actual implementation. Self-developed questionnaire was used and the survey was distributed to 500 special education teachers of elementary, middle and high schools in Seoul and Koungkido. The response rate of the questionnaire was 72% (N=336). Results indicated that the perception on the significance of self-determination skill was relatively high compared to the actual implementation of it. Teachers showed lower perception on and implementation of self-determination skills as the cognitive disabilities of a student became more severe. The level of significance perception of teachers at regular schools was higher than that of the teachers at special schools. The same was true for the ratings about implementation. Implications of the results with regards to Korean special education and teacher inservice were discussed

    Simple and efficient method for region of interest value extraction from picture archiving and communication system viewer with optical character recognition software and macro program

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    RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The objectives are: 1) to introduce a simple and efficient method for extracting region of interest (ROI) values from a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) viewer using optical character recognition (OCR) software and a macro program, and 2) to evaluate the accuracy of this method with a PACS workstation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This module was designed to extract the ROI values on the images of the PACS, and created as a development tool by using open-source OCR software and an open-source macro program. The principal processes are as follows: (1) capture a region of the ROI values as a graphic file for OCR, (2) recognize the text from the captured image by OCR software, (3) perform error-correction, (4) extract the values including area, average, standard deviation, max, and min values from the text, (5) reformat the values into temporary strings with tabs, and (6) paste the temporary strings into the spreadsheet. This principal process was repeated for the number of ROIs. The accuracy of this module was evaluated on 1040 recognitions from 280 randomly selected ROIs of the magnetic resonance images. The input times of ROIs were compared between conventional manual method and this extraction module-assisted input method. RESULTS: The module for extracting ROI values operated successfully using the OCR and macro programs. The values of the area, average, standard deviation, maximum, and minimum could be recognized and error-corrected with AutoHotkey-coded module. The average input times using the conventional method and the proposed module-assisted method were 34.97 seconds and 7.87 seconds, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A simple and efficient method for ROI value extraction was developed with open-source OCR and a macro program. Accurate inputs of various numbers from ROIs can be extracted with this module. The proposed module could be applied to the next generation of PACS or existing PACS that have not yet been upgraded.ope
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