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    ๊ตญํ† ๊ฒฝ๊ด€๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(A study on developing visual impact indicator for landscape management)

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    ๋…ธํŠธ : ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๊ตญํ† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์˜ ์ž์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์™€๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

    Changes in Recognition of the Ideas of Public Administration in Korean Civil Society

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    ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฒฐ์‚ฌ์ฒด์™€ ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ณต๋ก ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ, ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ฐ์ข…ํ™œ๋™์€ ์ •๋ถ€ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์ด๋…์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ํŠนํžˆ ๋™์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š•๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ–‰์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ถฉ์กฑ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ์ ์—์„œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ํ™œ๋™์€ ํ–‰์ •์ด๋…, ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์šฉํ–‰์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ ์ดํ›„ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ํ–‰์ •์ด๋…์˜ ์ธ์‹๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์‹ค์šฉํ–‰์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ 1987๋…„ 6์›” ํ•ญ์Ÿ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ •๊ถŒ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ–‰์ •์ด๋…์€ ๋ณธ์งˆ์  ํ–‰์ •์ด๋…(๊ณต์ต), ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ํ–‰์ •์ด๋…(ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์„ฑ, ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์„ฑ, ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ, ์ฑ…์ž„์„ฑ), ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์  ํ–‰์ •์ด๋…(๋Šฅ๋ฅ ์„ฑ, ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ)๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์šฉํ–‰์ •์€ ํ–‰์ •์ด๋…์˜ ๋‹ค์›์„ฑ, ์ ์‘์„ฑ, ๋„๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๊น€์˜์‚ผ ์ •๊ถŒ ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์‹œํ•œ ํ–‰์ •์ด๋…๊ณผ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์„ฑ, ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์„ฑ, ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ–‰์ •์ด๋…์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ๊น€์˜์‚ผ ์ •๊ถŒ์—์„œ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์ „ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์‹œํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Šฅ๋ฅ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์  ํ–‰์ •์ด๋…์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊น€๋Œ€์ค‘ ์ •๊ถŒ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฑ…์ž„์„œ์€ ์ „ ์ •๊ถŒ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์šฉํ–‰์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ฃผ์˜๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋ฏธ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ํ–‰์ •์ด๋…์˜ ๋‹ค์›์„ฑยท์ ์‘์„ฑยท๋„๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. This paper intends to analyze changes in recognition of the ideas and practice of public administration in Korean civil society after 1945. The developmenta1 process of Korean civil society was initially divided into two parts based on the June Struggle in 1987. After 1987, it was divided into several stages by political regimes. Ideas of public administration were classified as substantive (public interest), procedural(legality, democracy, equality, responsibility), and instruumental (efficiency, effectiveness). The practice of public administration was also classified into the three levels of diversity, adaptability, and instrumentality. The results based on these inquiries show some differences in the ideas of public administration between regimes. Korean civil society put great stress on democracy, legality, and equality in the ideas of public administration through the government of Roh Taewoo. However, this trend faced a turning point in the administration of Kim Youngsam, in which effectiveness and efficiency were emphasized as the ideas of public administration. Following the Kim Daejung administration, equality was regarded as an important idea of public administration. Responsibility was stressed throughout all administrations, whether before or after 1987. Korean civil society in general took a serious view of diversity, adaptability, instrumentality in the practice of public administraltion except for methodological empiricism and relations with the United States of America.2009๋…„๋„ ํ•œ๊ตญํ–‰์ •์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ณผ์ œ์ธ "ํ–‰์ •์ด๋…๊ณผ ์‹ค์šฉํ–‰์ •" ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„ ์ง€์›๋ฐ›

    ์ผ์ œํ•˜ ๆ—ฅๆœฌ็ช’็ด ่‚ฅๆ–™ๆ ชๅผๆœƒ็คพ์˜ ่ตดๆˆฐๆฑŸใ†้•ทๆดฅๆฑŸ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋™์ž ํ†ต์ œ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ต์œก๊ณผ, 2017. 2. ๊น€ํƒœ์›….์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ผ์ œํ•˜ ์ผ๋ณธ์งˆ์†Œ๋น„๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์‹ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์ „๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์žฅ์ง„๊ฐ• ์œ ์—ญ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋‹น์‹œ ๋…ธ๋™ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋™์ž ํ†ต์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๆ—ฅๆœฌ็ช’็ด ่‚ฅๆ–™ๆ ชๅผๆœƒ็คพ๋Š” 1908๋…„ ์†Œ๊ธฐ(ๆ›พๆœจ) ์ „๊ธฐ์ฃผ์‹ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ผ๋ณธ ์นด๋ฐ”์ด๋“œ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ํƒ„์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ณธ์งˆ์†Œ๋Š” ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ํ™”ํ•™๋น„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ๋Š” 5๋Œ€ ์ „๋ ฅํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „์› ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์„ ์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ์—, ์ผ๋ณธ์งˆ์†Œ๋Š” ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ ์กฐ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋Œ๋ ธ๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋งˆ์นจ ์กฐ์„ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์—ญ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—๋„ ์ฐฉ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์ผ๋ณธ์งˆ์†Œ๋Š” ่ตดๆˆฐๆฑŸ์˜ ์œ ์—ญ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ๊ฑด์„ค ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ , ์กฐ์„ ์ด๋…๋ถ€์— ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ถŒ์„ ์‹ ์ฒญํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์กฐ์„ ์ด๋…๋ถ€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ถŒ์„ ์‹ ์ฒญํ•˜์˜€๋˜ ๋ฏธ์“ฐ๋น„์‹œ์—๊ฒŒ ์žฅ์ง„๊ฐ• ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ถŒ์„, ์ผ๋ณธ์งˆ์†Œ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ „๊ฐ• ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ถŒ์„ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ณธ์งˆ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๋น„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ๊ฑด์„ค์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ผ๋ณธ์งˆ์†Œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ „๊ฐ• ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ๊ฑด์„ค ๋‹น์‹œ, ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์˜ ํž˜์„ ๋นŒ์–ด ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ํ† ์ง€๋ฅผ ํŒ”๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–ป์€ ํ† ์ง€ ์œ„์— ๊ฑด์„ค๋œ ๋ถ€์ „๊ฐ• ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๋Š” 1ใŽพ๋‹น ๊ฑด์„ค๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ณธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1931๋…„ ๋ถ€์ž„ํ•œ ์šฐ๊ฐ€ํ‚ค ๊ฐ€์ฆˆ์‹œ์ผ€(ๅฎ‡ๅžฃไธ€ๆˆ) ์ด๋…์€ ๆœ้ฎฎ้›ปๆฐฃไบ‹ๆฅญไปค์„ ๊ณตํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด ้•ทๆดฅๆฑŸ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ฏธ์“ฐ๋น„์‹œ(ไธ‰่ฑ)๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰์˜ 1/2์„ ๊ณต๊ณต์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋†“๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ•˜์— ์ผ๋ณธ์งˆ์†Œ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„˜๊ฒผ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์„ ์ด๋…๋ถ€๋Š” ํ† ์ง€ ่ฒทๆ”ถ์— ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์ฃผ๋“ค์˜ ํ† ์ง€์— ํ† ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋ น์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ผ๋ณธ์งˆ์†Œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ํ—๊ฐ’์— ๋งค์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด์„ค๋œ ์žฅ์ง„๊ฐ• ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ์—ญ์‹œ 1ใŽพ๋‹น ๊ฑด์„ค๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ „๊ฐ• ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ณต์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ๋งค์ผ 8,000๏ฝž15,000์—ฌ ๋ช…์˜ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๊ฐ€ ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„์ง ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๊ณต์—…์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์ „๊ฐœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์กฐ์„ ์—์„œ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์กฐ์„ ์ด๋…๋ถ€๋Š” ๋‹น์‹œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธ์ œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ๋„ํ•ญํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์—์„œ ์ €์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ๊ณต์‚ฌ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์‘๋ชจ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์ž ์กฐ์„ ์ด๋…๋ถ€๋Š” ์—ฌ๋น„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–ธ๋ก ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•œ ์ฒญ๋ถ€์—…์ž๋“ค์€ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์ž„๊ธˆ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ๊ฐ€ํ‚ค ์ด๋… ๋ถ€์ž„ ์ดํ›„ ์กฐ์„ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ์ทจ์—… ๆ–กๆ—‹ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ „๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์„ ์ด๋…๋ถ€๋Š” ์ง์—… ์†Œ๊ฐœ์†Œ, ํ–‰์ •๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์–ธ๋ก  ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ด๋™์›ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธ๋™์ž ์•Œ์„ ์— ๋‚˜์„ฐ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์กฐ์„ ์ด๋…๋ถ€๋Š” 1934๋…„ 2์›” ๏ฝขๅ—ๆœ้ฎฎ๏คฏๅ‹•่€…ๅœ˜้ซ”็งปๆฐ‘ๆกˆ๏ฝฃ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์•ˆ์€ 20๋ช…์„ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ด์ฃผ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ํƒˆ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ณ  ๋‹จ๊ฒฐ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ฃผ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž„๊ธˆ, ์ˆ™์‚ฌ, ์—ฌ๋น„ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๊ฐ์ข… ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์ด ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ์ž„๊ธˆ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์กฐ์„ ์ด๋…๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์„ ์•Œ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทผ๋ฌด ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์ž„๊ธˆ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์ฒญ๋ถ€์—…์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜‘์•ฝ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ฒด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ „๊ฐ• ๋ฐ ์žฅ์ง„๊ฐ• ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๋Š” ์œ ์—ญ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ํ—˜๋‚œํ•œ ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜€๋‹ค. ์•ˆ์ „ ์‹œ์„ค๋„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋„ ๋Š์ด์งˆ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ณณ์€ ๆ–œๅ‘๊ณผ ็ซชๅ‘์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์—ญ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ๊ฑด์„ค์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณต์‚ฌ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๆฐด่ทฏ ๊ณต์‚ฌ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์ „๊ฐ• ๋ฐ ์žฅ์ง„๊ฐ• ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ๊ฑด์„ค์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š” 23๏ฝž27ใŽž์— ๋‹ฌํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธธ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ธ ๋ชจํ† ๊ตฌ๋ฏธ(ๅฎ‹ๆœฌ็ต„), ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ํ† ๊ตฌ๋ฏธ(้•ท้–€็ต„), ๋‹ˆ์‹œ๋งˆ์ธ ๊ตฌ๋ฏธ(่ฅฟๆพ็ต„), ํ•˜์ž๋งˆ๊ตฌ๋ฏธ(้–“็ต„) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ฒญ๋ถ€์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์‹œ๊ณต์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ณต์‚ฌ ํ˜„์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์ถœ์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตด์„ ๋šซ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋กœ ๋šซ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๆฉซๅ‘, ๋น„์Šค๋“ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋šซ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๆ–œๅ‘, ์ˆ˜์ง์œผ๋กœ ๋šซ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ็ซชๅ‘์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ €๋‹ค. ๆ–œๅ‘๊ณผ ็ซชๅ‘์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š” 37๏ฝž162m์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ข์€ ๊ตด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜๋กœ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋กœ, ์‚ฌ๊ฐฑ, ์ˆ˜๊ฐฑ, ํšก๊ฐฑ ๋“ฑ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ณณ ๊ณต์‚ฌ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ด๋„ˆ๋งˆ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์ด๋„ˆ๋งˆ์ดํŠธ ๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋„ ๋Š์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์ฒญ๋ถ€์—…์ž ์ธก์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋…ธ๋™์ž ํƒ“์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ ธ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋“ค์€ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ธก์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์†Œํ™€์ด๋‚˜ ์•ˆ์ „ ์‹œ์„ค ๋ฏธ๋น„๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ œ์ฑ…๋„ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜๊ธด ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์ ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ „๊ฐ• ๋ฐ ์žฅ์ง„๊ฐ• ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ๊ฑด์„ค ํ˜„์žฅ์—๋Š” ์ผ์ผ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ์—ฌ ๋ช…์˜ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๊ฐ€ ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์ฒญ๋ถ€์—…์ž๋“ค์€ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋‘์–ด ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋…ธ๋™ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์„ ์ฒ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ๋…ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌํƒ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๋ง์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์กฐ์„ ์ด๋…๋ถ€๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ž„๊ธˆ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ณ„๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ ดํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ณต์‚ฌ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ณ„๋น„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ, ๋ชจ์ง‘ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค ์ž„๊ธˆ์˜ ํ•˜ํ•œ์„ ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋งˆ์ €๋„ ์ง€์ผœ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ž„๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ์ƒ๊ณ„ ๋งˆ์ €๋„ ๋ณด์žฅ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ž„๊ธˆ์„ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ „ํ‘œ๋กœ ์ง€๊ธ‰๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹น์žฅ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ด ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ „ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ• ์ธ๋ฐ›์•„ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตํ™˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋…์‹  ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ•จ๋ฐ”(้ฃฏๅ ด)์—์„œ ์ƒํ™œํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํฌ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์œ„์ƒ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์—ด์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ๊ฑด์„ค์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์ผ์— ์ž„ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™ ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ•˜์—์„œ๋„ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ผ์„ ์™„์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ ค ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ์ž„๊ธˆ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋„๋ง, ํ•ญ์˜, ์ฒญ์›์„œ ์ œ์ถœ ๋“ฑ ์†Œ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋™์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ํŒŒ์—…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์กฐ์„ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ๋™์กฐ ํŒŒ์—…์„ ์ „๊ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ณธ์ธ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค๋„ ์กฐ์„ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ํŒŒ์—…์— ๋™์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ๊ฑด์„ค ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์ฒญ๋ถ€์—…์ž์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ํ†ต์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋‹ค.1. ๅบ ่จ€ 1 2. ๆ—ฅๆœฌ็ช’็ด ่‚ฅๆ–™ๆ ชๅผๆœƒ็คพ์˜ ์กฐ์„  ์ง„์ถœ๊ณผ ่ตดๆˆฐๆฑŸใ†้•ทๆดฅๆฑŸ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ๊ฑด์„ค 5 3. ์กฐ์„ ์ด๋…๋ถ€์˜ ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ ๆ–กๆ—‹๊ณผ ๆ—ฅๆœฌ็ช’็ด ่‚ฅๆ–™ๆ ชๅผๆœƒ็คพ์˜ ๋…ธ๋™์ž ๊ณ ์šฉ 22 4. ่ตดๆˆฐๆฑŸใ†้•ทๆดฅๆฑŸ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ๊ฑด์„ค ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ๋…ธ๋™ ์—ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋™์ž ํ†ต์ œ 34 1) ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ๊ฑด์„ค ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์‹ค์ƒ 34 2) ์ฒญ๋ถ€์—…์ž์˜ ๋…ธ๋™์ž ํ†ต์ œ ๋ฐ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€์‘ 45 5. ็ต ่ชž 60 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 71 Abstract 77Maste

    NGO์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌ์ •์ง€์› ์œ ํ˜• ๋น„๊ต

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    ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2001๋…„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ •์น˜ํ•™ํšŒ ํ•˜๊ณ„ํ•™์ˆ ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ์ˆ˜์ • ยท ๋ณด์™„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.ํ•œ๊ตญ NGO๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์žฌ์ •๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. NGO๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์žฌ์ •์„ ์ถฉ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด NGO ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ช…์— ์ถฉ์‹คํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌ์ •์ง€์›์— ์˜์กดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. NGO๋Š” ๊ณต์ต์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ž์›ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ์ข… ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์žฌ์ •์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌ์ •์ง€์›์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ NGO์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌ์ •์ง€์›์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ, ๋‹จ๋…๊ณ„์•ฝ, ๋‹จ์ฒด์„ค๋ฆฝ ์ง€์›, ํŠน๋ณ„์ง€์› ๋“ฑ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด, ์žฌ์ •์ถฉ์กฑ ์ •๋„, ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ตฌ์ถ• ํšจ๊ณผ ๋“ฑ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์žฅ๋‹จ์ ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ฐœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์€ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์žฌ์ •์ถฉ์กฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ตฌ์ถ•์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ๋…๊ณ„์•ฝ์€ ์žฌ์ •์ถฉ์กฑ ์ •๋„์™€ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ตฌ์ถ• ํšจ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์ข‹์ง€๋งŒ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์˜ ์นจํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ฒด์„ค๋ฆฝ ์ง€์›์€ ์žฌ์ •์ถฉ์กฑ ์ •๋„์—์„œ ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€๋งŒ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด์™€ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ตฌ์ถ•์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน๋ณ„์ง€์›์€ ์žฌ์ •์ถฉ์กฑ์—์„œ ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€๋งŒ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด์™€ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ตฌ์ถ•์—์„œ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. NGO๋Š” ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹จ์ฒด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง€์›๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ˆ˜์ • ยท ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…๋ฆฝ์žฌ๋‹จ์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์žฌ์ •์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜๋‹ค
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