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    ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๊ธฐ์ œ ํ•˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ํ•™๊ณผ, 2013. 8. ์กฐํฅ์‹.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๊ธฐ์ œ ํ•˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๊ธฐ์ œ๋Š” ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์‹ค์ฒœ ํ˜„์žฅ์— ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๊ธฐ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์‹ค์ฒœํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์ตœํ•˜์œ„ ์ •์ฑ…์ง‘ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ด€์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๊ธฐ์ œ ํ•˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋ก ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ธ๊ณผ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์ค‘์‹ฌํ˜„์ƒ, ๋งฅ๋ฝ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด, ์ž‘์šฉ/์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ, ์ค‘์žฌ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ์ธ๊ณผ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์‚ฌ๋Š”๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๊ธฐ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์‚ฐํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ , ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๊ธฐ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž…๋œ ๋ฉด๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ์˜์—ญ์—๋„ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ํ†ต์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฆฌ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ž‘๋™๊ธฐ์ œ ์ฆ‰ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž…๋œ ๋ฉด๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์‹ฌํ˜„์ƒ์€์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ์ œ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ์ œ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์šฉ์ž๋Š” ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์˜์ง€๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ํ™œ๋™๋ณด์กฐ์ธ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋“ค๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ™œ๋™๋ณด์กฐ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ธด์žฅ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด ์›ํ™œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ค‘์‹ฌํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์ธ์ง€์—ญ ๋‚ด์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ œ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ถฉ๋ถ„์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๊ธฐ์ œ ๋„์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž‘์šฉ/์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ์„ ํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์—ฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์งˆ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐํŒ๋งค์ž์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์งˆ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ํŒ๋งค์ž์˜ ์—ญํ•  ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. (1)๋ณด๋‹ค ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™๋ณด์กฐ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ธฐ, (2)ํ™œ๋™๋ณด์กฐ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋œ ์ œ๊ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ธฐ, (3)์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ๋น„์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์Šค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ, (4)ํ™œ๋™๋ณด์กฐ์„œ๋น„์Šค์™€ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์žฌํ™”๋‚˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ, (5)ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ๋ณ€์งˆ์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŒ๋งค์ž๋กœ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€ ์š”์ธ ์ฆ‰ ์ค‘์žฌ์  ์š”์ธ์€ (1)ํ™œ๋™๋ณด์กฐ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์งˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€, (2)์ €์ˆ™๋ จ ํ™œ๋™๋ณด์กฐ์ธ, (3)๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ์ž์› ์ •๋„, (4)์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฆฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐฐ์ œ ์˜€๋‹ค. ๋์œผ๋กœ, ํŒ๋งค์ž๋กœ ์—ญํ•  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์งˆ์—์„œ ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ์š•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๊ฒฝ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์— ๊ธฐ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €์ž„๊ธˆ ์ €์ˆ™๋ จ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์ธ ํ™œ๋™๋ณด์กฐ์ธ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์งˆ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํฌ๋ฆผ ์Šคํ‚ค๋ฐ ํ˜„์ƒ(cream skimming)ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ™œ๋™๋ณด์กฐ์ธ์ด ๊ธฐํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”, ์ด์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ค€ ๋’ค ํ™œ๋™๋ณด์กฐ์ธ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์„ ํšŒํ”ผํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๊ธฐ์ œ ํ•˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์‚ฌ์˜ ํŒ๋งค์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ƒ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ƒํ’ˆ ํŒ๋งค ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์งˆ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ์„œ๋น„์Šค์™€ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณต์ด๋‚˜, ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ต์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์šฉ์ž๋ฅผ ํšŒํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํŒ๋งค์ž๋กœ ์—ญํ• ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ธฐ์ œ์˜ ๋„์ž… ์ดํ›„, ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ์‹ค์ฒœ ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์€ ํฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํŒ๋งค์ž์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ญํ•  ์ค‘ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์งˆ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์—์„œ ํ™œ๋™๋ณด์กฐ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.This study analyzes the experiences of the social workers under the situations where choice and competition mechanism operates, which was introduced to protect rights of users and increase effectiveness of services, by conducting a qualitative analysis of interview data using the grounded theory approach. This study aims to analyze the process of implementing the choice and competition mechanism at the social workerslevel and the responding aspects of the social workers under the choice and competition mechanism. The results are arranged into causal conditions, main phenomenon, context, action and interactional strategies, intervening conditions, and consequences based on the grounded theory as followings: First, for the causal condition in this research, it is conceived by social workers that the choice and competition mechnisim was introduced responding to shifting of the public service paradigm.Second and third, the main phenomenon that emerges is the provider choice and the competition between providers, the levels of the central condition appear differently depending upon the context, where to what degrees numbers of providers and personnels giving the PAS(personal assistance service) are sufficient.Fourth, for the action and interactional strategies , the social workers experienced the role of 'marketer' while competing in the quality of service for users choice. The response strategies of the social workers are deduced by five categories: (1) trying to upgrade the quality of the PAS as a professional worker, (2) trying to giving stable services, (3) ingratiating themselves with users, (4) giving additional services that have no direct relation with the PAS, (5) admitting the users that ignore core guidelines.Fifth, the elements of the intervening conditions that affect these response strategies as a 'marketer' include (1) the difficulty of the definition and measurement of service quality, (2) the low-skilled personnel, (3) the levels of resources that the facilities retain, (4) the exculsion of commerciality in the recognition and practices by the social workers in social work . With a result of experiences of 'marketer' and using these five response strategies by the social workers, the service quality is upgraded in one aspect: listening to the users and responding quickly to users.But there are limitationsthe social workers would accept the limits of the quality from low-skilled personnel and there appears cream-skimming. The analysis of the experiences of the social workers under the choice and competition mechanism includes important implications. First, the social workers provided the additional services that have no direct relation with the PSA for user's choice. Second, the social workers avoided the users that do not guarantee the long-term profit. These phenomena are common in the area of business activities, but in the area of social welfare there has been the criticism to apply them. This anlaysis is limited to the aspects of choice and competition on PAS who works in the metropolitan area. On the whole, this study is concentrated in the change of the role of socialworkers and socialwelfare practices as 'marketer', limited to PAS who work in the metropolitan area, which is a most meaningful with the introduction of the choice and competition mechanism.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ œ2์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜์™€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ์ œ1์ ˆ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฐฉ์‹ 1. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฐฉ์‹: ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์œ„ํƒ ๋ฐฉ์‹ 2. ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹(๋ฐ”์šฐ์ฒ˜)์˜ ๋„์ž… 3. ํ™œ๋™๋ณด์กฐ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค์™€ ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๊ธฐ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ œ3์ ˆ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์‹ค์ฒœ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ์ œ3์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•: ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋ก ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ ‘๊ทผ 1. ์งˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2. ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋ก  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„ ๋ชจํ˜• ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์„ ์ • ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ œ4์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ œ5์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ œ4์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์ฝ”๋”ฉ ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ์ œ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ: ์ค‘์‹ฌํ˜„์ƒ 1. ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ์ œ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ: ์ค‘์‹ฌํ˜„์ƒ (1) ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ์„ ํƒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ (2) ์ œ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ 2. ์ธ๊ณผ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด: ๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” (1) ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๊ณต๊ฐ (2) ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ ์กด์ค‘ (3) ์‹œ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ œ์˜ ๋„์ž… 3. ๋งฅ๋ฝ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด: ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ถฉ๋ถ„์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ (1)์ธ๋ ฅ๋ถ€์žฌ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฏธํ˜•์„ฑ (2)์ธ๋ ฅ๋ถ€์žฌ๋กœ ํ™œ๋™๋ณด์กฐ์ธ์ด ์ด์šฉ์ž๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•จ (3)์ œ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์ž˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ ์ œ3์ ˆ ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๊ธฐ์ œ ํ•˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ๊ฒฝํ—˜ 1. ์ž‘์šฉ/์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ: ํŒ๋งค์ž์˜ ์—ญํ•  (1) ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ํ™œ๋™๋ณด์กฐ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ธฐ (2) ํ™œ๋™๋ณด์กฐ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋œ ์ œ๊ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ธฐ (3) ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ๋น„์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์Šค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ (4) ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ (5) ํ•ต์‹ฌ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ๋ณ€์งˆ์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ 2. ์ค‘์žฌ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด (1) ํ™œ๋™๋ณด์กฐ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์งˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€ (2) ์ €์ˆ™๋ จ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋กœ ์–‘์„ฑ๋œ ํ™œ๋™๋ณด์กฐ์ธ (3) ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ž์› ๋ณด์œ  ์ •๋„ (4) ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์˜๋ฆฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐฐ์ œ 3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ํ•œ๊ณ„ (1) ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์งˆ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ (2) ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ์ œ4์ ˆ ์„ ํƒ์ฝ”๋”ฉ: ํ•ต์‹ฌ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์™€ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ ๋ผ์ธ ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋…ผ์˜ 1. ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์ œ๊ณต 2. ํฌ๋ฆผ ์Šคํ‚ค๋ฐ ํ˜„์ƒ ์ œ3์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•จ์˜ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•จ์˜ 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๋ถ€๋ก 1: ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋™์˜์„œ ๋ถ€๋ก 2: ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ๋ฉด์ ‘ ์ง€์นจ์„œ AbstractMaste

    Dual-enhanced cardiac CT for detection of left atrial appendage thrombus in patients with stroke: a prospective comparison study with transesophageal echocardiography

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    BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A noninvasive method with high reliability and accuracy comparable to transesophageal echocardiography for identification of left atrial appendage thrombus would be of significant clinical value. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of a dual-enhanced cardiac CT protocol for detection of left atrial appendage thrombi and for differentiation between thrombus and circulatory stasis in patients with stroke. METHODS: We studied 83 consecutive patients with stroke (56 men and 27 women; mean age, 62.6 years) who had high risk factors for thrombus formation and had undergone both dual-source CT and transesophageal echocardiography within a 3-day period. CT was performed with prospective electrocardiographic gating, and scanning began 180 seconds after the test bolus. RESULTS: Among the 83 patients, a total of 13 thrombi combined with spontaneous echo contrast and 14 spontaneous echo contrasts were detected by transesophageal echocardiography. All 13 thrombi combined with spontaneous echo contrast were correctly diagnosed on CT. Using transesophageal echocardiography as the reference standard, the overall sensitivity and specificity of CT for the detection of thrombi and circulatory stasis in the left atrial appendage were 96% (95% CI, 78% to 99%), and 100% (95% CI, 92% to 100%), respectively. On CT, the mean left atrial appendage/ascending aorta Hounsfield unit ratios were significantly different between thrombus and circulatory stasis (0.15 Hounsfield unit versus 0.27 Hounsfield unit, P=0.001). The mean effective radiation dose was 3.11 mSv. CONCLUSIONS: Dual-enhanced cardiac CT with prospective electrocardiographic gating is a noninvasive and sensitive modality for detecting left atrial appendage thrombus with an acceptable radiation dose.ope

    Gadoxetic acid ์กฐ์˜์ฆ๊ฐ• ์ž๊ธฐ๊ณต๋ช…์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ„ ๊ตญ์†Œ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ: ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๊ฐ„๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    Dept. of Medicine/์„์‚ฌPurpose : To determine the effects of scan delay, hepatic function, and magnetic field strength on the performance of gadoxetic acid disodium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing focal liver lesions.Materials and Methods : Gadoxetic acid disodium enhanced MRI conducted in 72 patients with two sets of hepatobiliary phase images obtained at 10 minutes and 20 minutes were reviewed retrospectively. For quantitative analysis, liver-to-lesion signal difference ratio (SDR) was measured and compared between precontrast, 10-minute delay, and 20-minute delay images. SDRs were compared between 1.5-T and 3.0-T and also between cirrhotic patients and non-cirrhotic patients. For qualitative analysis, two board-certificated radiologists reviewed 10-minute delay and 20-minute delay images. The sensitivity and specificity of each reader was compared. Conclusion : An increase in the liver-to-lesion signal difference ratio on 10- and 20-min delay images was dependent on the patientsโ€™ hepatic function but not dependent on the magnetic strength of the imaging system. There was no significant difference in sensitivity or specificity between the 10-minute and 20-minute delay images.ope

    Radiologic findings of lung lobe torsion in reconstructed multidetector computed tomography image lead to early detection

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    Torsion of the remaining lung lobe after lobectomy is a rare complication, and sometimes, diagnosis can be difficult. But early detection is important to prevent resection and fatal complication. We present a case of left lower lobe torsion with reconstructed image of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) findings, which propose a possibility of early detection on retrospective review after surgical reduction. Multiplanar reconstruction of MDCT image, 3-dimensional CT angiography, and CT bronchography could provide important diagnostic clues.ope

    Metastasis versus focal eosinophilic infiltration of the liver in patients with extrahepatic abdominal cancer: an evaluation with gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

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    PURPOSE: To determine the performance of gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to differentiate focal eosinophilic infiltration (FEI) from metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI conducted in 38 patients (lesions of 43 metastases and 33 FEIs) with extrahepatic abdominal carcinoma were reviewed retrospectively. Images were divided into 2 sets. Set 1 was composed of precontrast MRI with dynamic phase images. Set 2 included hepatobiliary phase images in addition to the images of set 1. Two blinded radiologists independently categorized each set of images into 5 grades to differentiate metastases from FEI. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (Az) was calculated for each set of images. The observers evaluated the shape, signal intensity (SI), and enhancement pattern of the lesions in consensus. RESULTS: The Az values for set 2 images (reader 1: 0.976, and reader 2: 0.743) were greater than those of set 1 (0.961 and 0.709), without statistical significance (P = 0.470 and 0.223). Target appearance was seen in 27 of 43 (63%) metastases on hepatobiliary phase imaging, but none on the FEI. Twenty-five (76%) of the 33 FEIs showed intermingled hypo-SI and iso-SI on hepatobiliary phase images with changing size and shape compared to the T2-weighted images, whereas none of the metastases did. CONCLUSION: Gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI may assist in the differentiation of FEI from metastasis by highlighting the distinctive features between them, even without hepatobiliary phase imaging.ope
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