7 research outputs found

    Monitoring of brain activation pattern during visual word perception using high-density event-related electroencephalogram

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    ์˜๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ธ€, ์˜์–ด, ํ•œ์ž ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์œ ๋ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ๋‡Œ์ „๋„ (electrocephalogram, EEG)๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •, ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ธ์ง€๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์‹œ-๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ํŒจํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‡Œํ”ผ์งˆ ๋‚ด์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํšŒ๋กœ๋ง๋“ค์ด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค.์ •์ƒ์ธ 15๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ•œ๊ธ€, ์˜์–ด, ํ•œ์ž ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌด์ƒ๋ฌผ์ธ์ง€ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์—ฌ 61๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „๊ทน์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ EEG ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์‚ฐํ‰๊ท ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ด€๋ จ์ „์œ„ (event-related potentials, ERP) ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ธ์–ด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์œ„์น˜ ๋ฐ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋…๋ฆฝ์š”์†Œ๋ถ„์„ (independent component analysis, ICA)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€๋‡Œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ์›์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•œ ํ›„ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋œ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‡ŒํŒŒ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์š”์†Œ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 30 - 50 Hz์—์„œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋™๊ธฐํ™”๋œ ๋ฐœ์ง„, ์ฆ‰ Gamma-band activity (GBA)๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€๋‡Œ์˜์—ญ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์„ gamma ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ coherence ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.5๊ฐœ์˜ ERP ์š”์†Œ P1, N1, N2, P2, ํ›„๊ธฐ ์–‘๊ทน์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ (late positive component, LPC)๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ occipital, temporal, prefrontal ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. Prefrontal ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ LPC๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ขŒ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์šฐ์„ธ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ๊ฒ€์ฆ์—์„œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ณ„๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์–ด๋ณ„ ERP ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ฐจ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์–ธ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์นœ๋ฐ€๋„, ๊ธ€์ž ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ์—†์ด ์—ฐ์†๋œ ๋‹จ์ผ์‹œ๋„ (single-trial)๋“ค์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…๋ฆฝ์š”์†Œ๋ถ„์„ (independent component analysis, ICA) ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ํ›„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ๋…๋ฆฝ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์›์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ์š” ERP ์š”์†Œ, mu ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ, ์•„ํ‹ฐํŒฉํŠธ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ๊ณผ time-frequency ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ prefrontal, frontal, temporal ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ GBA์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Prefrontal๊ณผ temporal ์˜์—ญ์˜ GBA๋Š” ERP ์š”์†Œ LPC ๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ„ GBA์˜ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ํŒจํ„ด ์ฐจ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ์„ธํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ„ gamma ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ coherence์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ „๋‘๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์›๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ „๋‘๋ถ€, ํ›„๋‘๋ถ€, temporal ์˜์—ญ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๋‹จ์–ด์ธ์ง€ ์‹œ GBA์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์  ์ •๋ณด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์˜์—ญ๊ฐ„์˜ coherence์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‡Œ ์˜์—ญ๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatiotemporal activation pattern of brain during visual perception of words of Korean, English, and Chinese to find how to operate in brain cortex.61 channel recordings of electroencephalogram were obtained from 15 subjects while they were judging the meaning of Korean, English, and Chinese words with concrete meanings. We examined event-related potentials (ERP) and applied independent component analysis (ICA) to find and separate neural sources simultaneously activated. Spectral analysis was also performed to investigate the gamma-band activity (GBA, 30-50 Hz) which is known to reflect the feature binding process and to compute the gamma-band coherence to measure the linear dependency between two distant brain regions on gamma-band-related neuronal synchrony.Five significant ERP components were identified. Left hemispheric dominance was observed for all components except the late positive component (LPC) at frontal area. Statistical hypothesis testing showed meaningful differences of amplitudes and latencies among languages. It seemed that familiarity with each language and orthographic characteristics affected the characteristics of ERP components. ICA on the concatenated single-trials helped confirm several prominent sources corresponding to some of ERP components. Among independent components there was alpha activity blocking before response which was mu rhythm associated with the motor system. Additionally, some of ICs was artifacts accounting for eye movements and muscle activity. The results of spectral and time-frequency analyses showed distinct GBAs at prefrontal, frontal, and temporal sites. The GBAs at prefrontal and temporal sites were significantly correlated with the LPC amplitude and response time. The differences in spatiotemporal patterns of GBA among languages were not prominent compared to the inter-individual differences. The gamma band coherence showed short-range connectivity significantly increased in anterior network and long-range synchronization between anterior, posterior, and temporal sites during word perception.ope

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    The Studies of Central Asian Art in Korea- State-of-the-field Article (1996-2015) -

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