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    ์ถฉ์ฒญ๋‚จ๋„์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋‚จ๋„ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํšํ•™๊ณผ, 2021.8. ์ด์˜์„ฑ.Regional economic growth is achieved in two ways: increasing input of production factors and improving productivity. Existing studies have focused on improving productivity, believing that continuous growth is difficult through input of production factors. However, there is a limit to explain all the changes in economic growth in the actual region through productivity improvement. The regional economy is affected in a variety of ways based on economic, social, and geographical characteristics. Due to the influencing factors, local investment is active and the factor of production increases, which leads to economic growth. Nevertheless, existing studies were limited to regional internal factors and only analyzed factors for improving productivity. Therefore, this study tried to examine the factors of regional economic growth in various ways by focusing on international trade and regional industrial characteristics. In addition, it is expected that the impact will be different depending on the region and period. Chungcheongnam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do were selected as case regions that can show the difference in the impact of economic growth. The target period was divided into the period from 2002 to 2008 and the period from 2009 to 2017 based on the global financial crisis for the two regions to examine the difference. As a result of the analysis, the factors affecting the economic growth of Chungcheongnam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do were different. In Chungcheongnam-do, international trade factors expressed as exports per worker showed a positive effect. In addition, it was found that economies of scale and regional innovation factors appear stronger over time. On the other hand, in Gyeongsangnam-do, international trade factors showed insignificant results. The effects of economies of scale and regional innovation factors also decreased over time. The population size has a negative effect, and it is interpreted as slowing economic growth as the rate of increase of the elderly increases. Differences in economic growth factors of the two regions were interpreted based on differences in export markets and regional industrial characteristics. Chungcheongnam-do is expanding its exports to Asian countries based on its geographical advantage close to the West Sea. Accessibility to Incheon International Airport, which is growing as an export base for high value-added industries, has become a favorable condition for the development of high-tech industries in Chungcheongnam-do. On the other hand, Gyeongsangnam-do is adjacent to the East Sea and exports to countries such as the United States and Japan, but the rate of increase in exports was relatively low compared to other countries. In the 2010s, Gyeongsangnam-do showed an average annual export growth rate of -6%, showing a rather declining trend. Based on this, in Gyeongsangnam-do, the export value variable did not have any significant effect on regional economic growth, although the share of exports in the regional gross domestic product was higher than the national average. In addition, both the coefficient value and the significance decreased with the passage of time. This study is significant in that it extends the factors affecting regional economic growth to external factors and in that it identifies measures to improve regional economic growth. The slowdown in economic growth in Gyeongsangnam-do compared to Chungcheongnam-do can be explained by local internal factors, but it is difficult to explain why. This study tried to interpret the causes of economic growth based on international trade factors such as regional export markets, items, and changes in exports. Based on the analysis results, the economic growth improvement plans of the two regions were derived differently. In Chungcheongnam-do, continuous investment in the growth of the current export industry will have a positive effect on economic growth. It is expected that measures to foster human capital along with the development of high-tech industry-related technologies will be helpful. On the other hand, Gyeongsangnam-do needs change or innovation in the export industry. Policy support for the growth of small and medium-sized businesses in the manufacturing industry, which is the basis of export industries, should be provided, and investment in export-related infrastructure and human capital attraction should be made to induce business move-in and innovation.์ง€์—ญ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์š”์†Œ ํˆฌ์ž… ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์š”์†Œ ํˆฌ์ž…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์‹ค์ œ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œยท์‚ฌํšŒยท์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ์˜ํ–ฅ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•ด์ ธ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด๋ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์š”์ธ์— ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๊ทธ์ณค๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ต์—ญ๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฐ์—… ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ ์˜ํ–ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ถฉ์ฒญ๋‚จ๋„์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋‚จ๋„๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ๋‘ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 2002๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2008๋…„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๊ณผ 2009๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2017๋…„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ถฉ์ฒญ๋‚จ๋„์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋‚จ๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ถฉ์ฒญ๋‚จ๋„๋Š” ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž 1์ธ๋‹น ์ˆ˜์ถœ์•ก์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ต์—ญ ์š”์ธ์ด ์–‘์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ์ง€์—ญ ํ˜์‹  ์š”์ธ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋‚จ๋„๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ต์—ญ ์š”์ธ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ์ง€์—ญ ํ˜์‹  ์š”์ธ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ตฌ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ์Œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋‘”ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ ์š”์ธ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ถœ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฐ์—… ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ถฉ์ฒญ๋‚จ๋„๋Š” ์„œํ•ด์™€ ์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ ์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ์ด์ ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ถŒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ถœ์ด ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜ ์‚ฐ์—… ์ˆ˜์ถœ ๊ฑฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ์ฒœ๊ณตํ•ญ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์€ ์ถฉ์ฒญ๋‚จ๋„์˜ ์ฒจ๋‹จ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ฐœ์ „์— ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋‚จ๋„๋Š” ๋™ํ•ด์™€ ์ธ์ ‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ณธ ๋“ฑ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถœ์•ก ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. 2010๋…„๋Œ€ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋‚จ๋„๋Š” ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  โ€“6% ์ˆ˜์ถœ์•ก ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋‚จ๋„๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ถœ์ด ์ง€์—ญ๋‚ด์ด์ƒ์‚ฐ์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์ค‘์ด ์ „๊ตญ ํ‰๊ท ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ถœ์•ก ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์œ ์˜๋„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์š”์ธ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ถฉ์ฒญ๋‚จ๋„์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋‚จ๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋‘”ํ™”๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ ์›์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถœ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ, ์ˆ˜์ถœ์•ก ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋“ฑ ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ต์—ญ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถฉ์ฒญ๋‚จ๋„๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆ˜์ถœ ์‚ฐ์—… ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ์ง€์† ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฒจ๋‹จ์‚ฐ์—… ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ธ์ ์ž๋ณธ์„ ์œก์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋‚จ๋„๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ถœ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ˜น์€ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ถœ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ œ์กฐ์—… ์ค‘์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‚ฌ์—…์ฒด์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •์ฑ…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์ถœ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ธํ”„๋ผ์™€ ์ธ์ ์ž๋ณธ ์œ ์น˜์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์—…์ฒด ์ž…์ฃผ์™€ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  2 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 3 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 7 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 7 1. ์ง€์—ญ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ด๋ก  7 2. ์ด๋ก  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 11 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 12 1. ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ 12 2. ์‚ฐ์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ 13 3. ์ง€์—ญํ˜์‹  15 4. ์ง‘์ ๊ฒฝ์ œ 16 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ง€์—ญ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ˜„ํ™ฉ 18 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ง€์—ญ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 18 1. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 18 2. ์‚ฐ์—… ํŠนํ™” 26 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ง€์—ญ ์ˆ˜์ถœ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 28 1. ์ˆ˜์ถœ์•ก ๋น„์ค‘ 28 2. ํ•ญ๋งŒ/๊ณตํ•ญ ์ˆ˜์ถœ์•ก 34 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 36 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ชจํ˜• 36 1. ๋ถ„์„ ๋ชจํ˜• ์„ค์ • 36 2. ํŒจ๋„ ๋ชจํ˜• ์„ค์ • 37 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 38 1. ์ข…์† ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 38 2. ๋…๋ฆฝ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 39 3. ํ†ต์ œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 40 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 43 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„ 43 1. ์ถฉ์ฒญ๋‚จ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ 43 2. ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋‚จ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ 45 3. ์ง€์—ญ ๋น„๊ต 47 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ฒ€์ • 49 1. ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด ์ž๋ฃŒ ๊ฒ€์ • 49 2. ํŒจ๋„ ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ฒ€์ • 50 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 54 1. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ข…ํ•ฉ 54 2. ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 55 3. ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 56 4. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 59 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  61 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 61 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 65 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 67์„

    ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ํ•™๊ณผ, 2019. 2. ๊น€์„ฑํฌ.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์  ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ˆ˜๋ฌตํ™” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ๋œ ์ผํ’ˆ(้€ธๅ“)ํ™”ํ’์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ฐฝ์ž‘๋ก ยท์ž‘๊ฐ€๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณธ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋ฌตํ™” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์€ ๋ฐœ๋ฌต(ๆฝ‘ๅขจ)ยทํŒŒ๋ฌต(็ ดๅขจ), ํ˜ธ๋ฐฉํ•œ ๋ถ“์งˆ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ฑ๊ณผ, ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์  ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ์‹ฌ์ƒํ‘œํ˜„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ํ™”๋ก ์˜ ์ผํ’ˆ๋ก ยท์ผํ’ˆํ™”ํ’์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผํ’ˆ๋ก ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ™”ํ’์— ๊ตฌ์• ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ตฌ์ƒ๋ฒ•(ไธๆ‹˜ๅธธๆณ•)์˜ ์ •์‹ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ฐฝ์ž‘๋ก ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผํ’ˆํ™”ํ’์€ ์ฐฝ์ž‘๋ก  ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ์ผํ’ˆ๋ก ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ผํ’ˆํ™”ํ’์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ฐฝ์ž‘์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผํ’ˆํ™”ํ’์€ ๋‹น๋Œ€(ๅ”ไปฃ)์— ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์–ด ์ฃผ๊ฒฝํ˜„(ๆœฑๆ™ฏ็Ž„)์˜ใ€Ž๋‹น์กฐ๋ช…ํ™”๋ก(ๅ”ๆœๅ็•ซ้Œ„)ใ€์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ๋˜๊ณ , ํ™ฉํœด๋ณต(้ปƒไผ‘ๅพฉ)์˜ใ€Ž์ต์ฃผ๋ช…ํ™”๋ก(็›Šๅทžๅ็•ซ้Œ„)ใ€์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Ÿฌ ํ™”๋ก ์‚ฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์ž…์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ตณํžˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ฐฝ์ž‘์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ์ผํ’ˆํ™”ํ’์˜ ํŠน์ง•์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹นยท์†ก๋Œ€์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ด๋ฉฐ, ์›ยท๋ช…ยท์ฒญ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Ÿฌ์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™” ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด ๋ณธ๊ณ ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ค„์ง€๋Š” ์ฐฝ์ž‘๋ก ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ช…ยท์ฒญ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์  ํ™”๊ฐ€๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋‹น๋Œ€์˜ ์ผํ’ˆํ™”ํ’์„ ๊ณ„์Šนํ•œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค ์„œ์œ„(ๅพๆธญ), ํŒ”๋Œ€์‚ฐ์ธ(ๅ…ซๅคงๅฑฑไบบ), ์„๋„(็Ÿณๆฟค) ๋“ฑ์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ๊ณ ์ „์  ์ผํ’ˆํ™”ํ’์ธ ์„๊ฐ(็Ÿณๆช)๊ณผ ์–‘ํ•ด(ๆขๆฅท) ํ˜•์‹์˜ ์—ฐ์žฅ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ ์ธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด๋‹ค. ํ™”๋ก ์˜ ์ผํ’ˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ๊ณ ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐฝ์ž‘๋ก ์€ ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ™”๋ฒ•์— ๊ตฌ์• ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ํ™”ํ’์˜ ์ถ”๊ตฌ, ๋‘˜์งธ, ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ํ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ’์˜ ์ถ”๊ตฌ, ์…‹์งธ, ํ™”๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ’์˜ ์ถ”๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์žฅ์ž์™€ ์„œ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์ฃผ์˜, ๋„์„์ธ๋ฌผํ™” ๋ฐ ํ’๋ฅ˜์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ์ž์™€ ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์ฃผ์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ฒ ํ•™์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด๋‹ค. ์žฅ์ž์™€ ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์ „์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ˜ผ๋ž€ ์ดํ›„์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ํ˜„์‹ค๊ทน๋ณต์˜ ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ์žฅ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜„์‹ค ์ดˆ์›”์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ถ๊ทน์ ยท์ •์‹ ์  ํ•ด๋ฐฉ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ ์–ต์••๋œ ์ •์‹  ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๊ณผ์—†์ด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘ ์ธก๋ฉด์€ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์žฅ์ž์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์†Œ์š”์œ (้€้™้Š)์˜ ๋…ธ๋‹’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ํ˜„์‹œ๋Œ€์™€ ์ž์•„์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๊ตฐ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ์ž์˜ ์†Œ์š”์œ ๋ฅผ ์ž‘ํ™”ํƒœ๋„ ๋ฐ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ๊ตฌ์ƒ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์‹ฌ์žฌยท์ขŒ๋ง(ๅฟƒ้ฝ‹ยทๅๅฟ˜) ๋ฐ ๋ฌด์œ„(็„ก็ˆฒ)๋Š” ๋…ธ๋‹’์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ง€์ธ ์†Œ์š”์œ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งˆ์Œ๊ฐ€์ง์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฌด์œ„๋ฅผ ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ž๋™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ฒ•(automatism)์— ๋น„์œ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์ธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ๋„์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์ œ๋ฌผ๋ก (้ฝŠ็‰ฉ่ซ–)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์„ฑ์˜ ๋ชฝํ™˜์  ์ธก๋ฉด๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ˜ธ์ ‘๋ชฝ(่ƒก่ถๅคข)๊ณผ ์ •์‹ ๋ถ„์„ํ•™์˜ ๊ฟˆ์„ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋„์„์ธ๋ฌผํ™”์—๋Š” ๊ฐ์ข… ์‹ ์„ ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์„ฑ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ์„ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ๋ก์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ํŒ”์„ ๋„์™€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๋„์„์ธ๋ฌผํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฌตํ™”์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ’๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์„ฑ์€, ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ฑ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ’๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ์‹œ ์žฅ์ž์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์„ฑ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊น€ํ™๋„์˜ ํ’๋ฅ˜๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ณผ ์‹ ์œค๋ณต์˜โ‰ชํ˜œ์›์ „์‹ ์ฒฉโ‰ซ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ํ’๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์Œ์•… ๋ฐ ๊ทน์˜ˆ์ˆ ์— ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ์ฐธ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผํ’ˆํ™”ํ’ ์ˆ˜๋ฌตํ™”์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ฌต, ํŒŒ๋ฌต, ๊ฐํ•„(ๆธ›็ญ†)์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐํ•„์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ํŠน์ง•์€ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ฌต๊ณผ ํŒŒ๋ฌต ํšจ๊ณผ, ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์š”์ฒดํŒŒ์•…์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฐ„๋žตํ™”์ด๋‹ค. ํ™”๋ก ์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์„๊ฐ, ์–‘ํ•ด, ํŒ”๋Œ€์‚ฐ์ธ, ์„๋„์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์ง•๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ํ™ฉ์‹ (้ปƒๆ„ผ) ๋ฐ ๊น€ํ™๋„์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์ด ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐํ•„๋ฒ•์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๊น€์„ฑํฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค‘์— ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์ธ ๊ฐํ•„๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ณธ์ธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ ์ค€(็ฑณ้ปž็šด)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€๊ธฐํ‘œํ˜„์„ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์„ฑ๊น€[็–]ยท๋นฝ๋นฝํ•จ[ๅฏ†], ์ด์™„[้ฌ†]ยท๊ธด์žฅ[็ทŠ]์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ํ™”๋ฉด๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์‚ผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘์ฒฉ๊ณผ ๊ฒน์นจ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํฌ์น˜(ๅธƒ็ฝฎ)์™€ ํฌ๋ฐฑ(ๅธƒ็™ฝ)์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์€ ๋ณธ์ธ ํ™”๋ฉด์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์„œ์ˆ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์ž„๋ชจ(่‡จๆ‘น)์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์  ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์›๋ณธ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ํŽผ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ผํ’ˆํ™”ํ’ ์ˆ˜๋ฌตํ™”์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋„์ถœ ๋ฐ ํ™”๋ฉด๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ๋•Œ ์ „ํ†ตํšŒํ™”, ๊ณต์—ฐ์˜ˆ์ˆ , ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ˆ์ˆ  ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•œ ์ ์€ ๋ฐฉ์ž‘์„ ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์›๋ณธ๊ณผ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ง€์–ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์ œ, ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•, ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ฌตํ™”์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™” ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ž์•„ํƒ๊ตฌ, ์‹ ์„ ์˜ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•, ์ถ˜ํ™”, ํ˜„์‹ค๋น„ํŒ, ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ํœด์‹, ์‹œ๊ณต์˜ ์ดˆ์›”๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์ œ๋“ค๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์—ฐ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ๋ฐ ํ–‰์œ„์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฌตํ™” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ผ์ฐจ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋‹น๋Œ€ ์ผํ’ˆํ™”๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰์œ„์˜ˆ์ˆ ์  ํŠน์ง•๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฑ๋‚จ์ค€์˜ ํผํฌ๋จผ์Šค์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ผํ’ˆํ™”ํ’์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๋ชฉ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ํผํฌ๋จผ์Šค ๊ธฐํš์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์—๋Š” ์‹ ์œค๋ณต ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ์•ˆ๋ฌด๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์ž‘์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ํ™”๋ฉด ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ†ตํšŒํ™” ๋ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ๋ฅด์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ™•์žฅ์ ยท์ฐฝ์˜์  ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ, ์Œ์•…, ๋ฌธํ•™ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‹ˆ๋ฒจ๋ฃฝ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์ง€ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฒฝํ™”, ์„ค์น˜, ์ˆ˜๋ฌตํ™”์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ํ•œ๋ฐ ์–ด์šฐ๋Ÿฌ์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ณต์—ฐ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ ํ–‰์œ„์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜ ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ, ์žฌ์ฆˆ, ์—ฐ๊ทน, ๋ฌธํ•™ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ฌตํ™”์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ผํ’ˆํ™”ํ’ ์ˆ˜๋ฌตํ™”๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ตฌ์ƒ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ฐฝ์ž‘๋ก , ์žฅ์ž, ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์ฃผ์˜, ๋„์„์ธ๋ฌผํ™”, ํ’๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์„ฑ, ๋ฐœ๋ฌตยทํŒŒ๋ฌตยท๊ฐํ•„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์Œ์•…ยท๊ทน์˜ˆ์ˆ ยทํ–‰์œ„์˜ˆ์ˆ ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ ์†์—์„œ ์ „ํ†ตํšŒํ™”์™€ ํ™”๋ก ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ฐฝ์ž‘๋ก  ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š”์–ด : ์ผํ’ˆ(้€ธๅ“)ํ™”ํ’, ์ˆ˜๋ฌตํ™”, ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์„ฑ, ์žฅ์ž, ๋„์„์ธ๋ฌผํ™”, ๋ฐฉ(ๅ€ฃ) ํ•™ ๋ฒˆ : 2013-30357Surrealistic Expression in the Yipin Style of Ink-and-wash Painting -based on my works- Kim, Eun Hyung Department of Fine Arts The Graduate School Seoul National University This paper was based on my own works of ink-and-wash painting on surrealistic themes, with a focus on the yipin(้€ธๅ“, careless) style that serves as its backdrop. The purpose was to examine the works background and content to suggest of a discourse of creation and the artist. The yipin style may be categorized into yipin theory in terms of creative discourse and yipin practice by actual artists, both of which served as a basis for my creation. Yipin emerged as a style during the Tang(ๅ”) Dynasty, with its meaning formulated in Zhou Jingxuans Tangchao Minghua Lu(ๅ”ๆœๅ็•ซ้Œ„, Record of Famous Tang Painters)its stature in the history of art discourse had become firmly established by the time of Huang Xiufus Yizhou Minghua Lu(็›Šๅทžๅ็•ซ้Œ„, Record of Famous Painters of Yizhou). Rooted in my artistic creation, the characteristics of yipin were the characteristics of the Tang and Song Dynasty. By the subsequent Ming, and Qing Dynasties, the meaning of yipin exhibited tendencies of differentiation and generalization that result in some differences from my artistic discourse addressed in this thesis. At the same, some idiosyncratic painters from the Ming and Qing Dynasties who carried on the same legacy of Tang-era yipin painting served as references for my thesis. A particular underpinning for the art/artist discourse is a mindset of not being bound to preexisting artistic styles(ไธๆ‹˜ๅธธๆณ•). This key element of yipin bears some connections with Zhuangzi(่ŽŠๅญ), surrealism, and the concept of fangzuo(ๅ€ฃไฝœ, creative imitation). Both Zhuangzi and the surrealists sought to transcend and overcome their tumultuous historical circumstances, an attempt that led in turn to artistic thinking and creation. The fangzuo concept may be seen as connected to the yipin ethos of intangibility in its departure from the retreading of original works and its added element of subjective interpretation. Thematically, the context for my work as a whole can be found in Zhuangzi, the Western surrealists, and the surrealism manifested in Daoist/Buddhist figure painting(้“้‡‹ไบบ็‰ฉ็•ต) and pungryu culture (้ขจๆต, meaning to enjoy arts). A comparison of Zhuangzi and the Western surrealists serves as a philosophical backdrop in terms of the works overall themes. Zhuangzi and the surrealists bear similarities in having emerged in the wake of war and the resulting social turmoil, and in having been committed to overcoming their circumstances. One difference is that Zhuangzi sought ultimate spiritual liberation through transcendence of reality, whereas the surrealists explored the unconscious by using art in an unfiltered expression of their practical fears and oppressive mental state. These aspects are both manifested in complex ways in my work: some visualize Zhuangzis ideas directly to depict strolling within stillness(้€้™้Š), while others give direct expression to the elements of anxiety existing in the present era and the egos psychological state. Part of the process of exploring my works themes was a research effort in which elements associated with Zhuangzhi and the surrealists were paired: wuwei(็„ก็ˆฒ, non-action) with automatism, the equivalence of things(้ฝŠ็‰ฉ่ซ–) with transformations, and the butterfly dream(่ƒก่ถๅคข) with dreams within psychoanalysis. Daoist and Buddhist portrait paintings include images of various spiritual beings and their associated magical powersthese transcendent and mystical capabilities were treated a theme of my artwork in terms of surrealism. Chinas vast literature on spiritual was a source of influence on Koreas Eight Immortals imagery and its rendering in Daoist/Buddhist portrait art. A subjective transformation of this was incorporated into my surrealistic ink-and-wash painting. The surrealism of pungryu culture lies in its goal-directedness. As in Zhuangzis case, pungryu could be classified as a surrealistic theme in the sense that it had the goal of transcending reality. This study of surrealism had a particular influence on my works inspired by music and the dramatic arts. Representative examples of techniques associated with yipin ink-and-wash painting include splashed ink(ๆฝ‘ๅขจ), broken ink(็ ดๅขจ), and abbreviated brush drawing(ๆธ›็ญ†). These techniques influenced the basic canvas composition and served as basis for creating new compositions applying different standards. Mi dots(็ฑณ้ปž็šด) were used to render the atmosphere, while standards of sparsity/denseness(็–ยทๅฏ†) and tension/relaxation(้ฌ†ยท็ทŠ) were applied as compositional principles. Superimposition and overlapping were also included through the adoption of different perspectives, while the layout of imagery and negative space(ๅธƒ็ฝฎยทๅธƒๅธ›) served as standards in developing the composition. The methodology for selecting the themes of my work incorporated the concept of fang(ๅ€ฃ, imitation). A conceptual advancement on the linmu(่‡จๆ‘น) approach, fang refers to a form of subjectivity based on original art masterpieces, which were adopted as means to identify themes for my ink-and-wash painting in the yipin style. The use of different genres including traditional painting, performing arts, and popular art as references for selecting themes was an example of a modern application of fangzuo(ๅ€ฃไฝœ). This imitation-based methodology warrants emphasis in traditional art discourse terms in connection with the relatedness between artworks and originals, which is a matter of increasing importance in contemporary art. My themes were differentiated in the process of developing surrealistic themes into various works of art, and subjective interpretations were produced according to different criteria including exploration of the self, mystical powers, pornography, critiquing reality, dramatic art, theater, and music. Through its partial application to works of art, the fangzuo concept in particular formed a basis for introducing elements of traditional painting and other genres into the canvas. The creative fangzuo concept was applied first analogically to music and then expanded into different genres from there. Connections with performance art and dramatic art were established through analysis of the ink-and-wash work in terms of elements within space beyond two dimensions, with the prominent presence of performance art characteristics in the work of yipin painters adopted as a reference. My works of ink-and-wash painting in the yipin were developed first through an artistic discourse of intangibility, the surrealism of Zhuangzi and the Western surrealists, and the use of splashed ink, broken ink, and abbreviated brush painting as techniquesfrom there, they were expanded into the realms of music, dramatic art, and performance art. My aim with this research was to propose a discourse of creation and method for the contemporary art environment based on traditional painting and painting theory research, while suggesting how this could be applied broadly to a range of artistic forms. keywords : Yipin Style(้€ธๅ“็•ซ้ขจ), Ink-and Wash Painting, Surreality, Zhuangzi(่ŽŠๅญ), Daoist/Buddhist Figure Painting(้“้‡‹ไบบ็‰ฉ็•ต), Fang(ๅ€ฃ) Student Number : 2013-30357๋ชฉ ์ฐจ โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 4 โ…ก. ์ผํ’ˆํ™”ํ’ ์ˆ˜๋ฌตํ™”์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์ „๊ฐœ 10 1. ์ผํ’ˆํ™”ํ’์˜ ๊ธฐ์› ๋ฐ ํ˜•์„ฑ 12 1) ์ผํ’ˆ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ™”๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 12 2) ๋‹นยท์†ก์˜ ์ผํ’ˆ๊ณผ ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ํ™•์žฅ 15 2. ์ผํ’ˆํ™”ํ’ ์ˆ˜๋ฌตํ™”์˜ ์ „๊ฐœ 35 1) ์ผ(้€ธ)์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™” 35 2) ๋ช…ยท์ฒญ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์  ์ผํ’ˆํ™”ํ’ 38 3) ์ผํ’ˆ๋ก ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ฐฝ์ž‘๋ก  47 โ…ข. ์ผํ’ˆํ™”ํ’ ์ˆ˜๋ฌตํ™”์˜ ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์„ฑ 52 1. ์žฅ์ž์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ๊ด€๊ณผ ์„œ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์ฃผ์˜ 53 1) ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํŠน์ง• ๋Œ€๋น„ 55 2) ๋ฌด์œ„(็„ก็ˆฒ)์™€ ์ž๋™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ฒ• 61 3) ์ œ๋ฌผ๋ก (้ฝŠ็‰ฉ่ซ–)๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜• 70 4) ํ˜ธ์ ‘๋ชฝ(่ƒก่ถๅคข)๊ณผ ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ฟˆ 79 2. ์ „ํ†ต ์ˆ˜๋ฌตํ™”์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์„ฑ 87 1) ๋„์„์ธ๋ฌผํ™”์— ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์„ฑ 87 2) ํ’๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์„ฑ 102 โ…ฃ. ์ผํ’ˆํ™”ํ’ ์ˆ˜๋ฌตํ™”์˜ ์กฐํ˜•์  ์ ์šฉ 114 1. ํ•„๋ฌต์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€์  ์ ์šฉ 114 1) ๋ฐœ๋ฌตยทํŒŒ๋ฌต์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€์  ์ ์šฉ 115 2) ๊ฐํ•„(ๆธ›็ญ†)์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€์  ์ ์šฉ 123 3) ๋ฏธ์ ์ค€ยทํšก์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ธฐํ‘œํ˜„ 132 2. ๊ตฌ๋„์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€์  ์ ์šฉ 136 1) ์„ฑ๊น€[็–Ž]ยท๋นฝ๋นฝํ•จ[ๅฏ†], ์ด์™„[้ฌ†]ยท๊ธด์žฅ[็ทŠ]์˜ ์กฐํ™” 136 2) ์‹œ์ ์˜ ์ค‘์ฒฉ๊ณผ ๊ฒน์นจ 140 3) ํฌ๋ฐฑ(ๅธƒ็™ฝ)๊ณผ ํฌ์น˜(ๅธƒ็ฝฎ)์˜ ์ ์šฉ 146 4) ๋ณตํ•ฉ์  ๊ตฌ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์„œ์ˆ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 150 โ…ค. ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์  ์‹ฌ์ƒํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ(ๅ€ฃ) 153 1. ๋ฐฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ด€์„ฑ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ 155 1) ์ž„๋ชจ(่‡จๆ‘น)์™€ ๋ฐฉ์˜ ์˜์˜ 156 2) ๋ช…๋Œ€์˜ ์ฐฝ์˜์  ๋ฐฉ 164 3) ๋ฐฉ์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€์  ์˜์˜ 171 2. ๋ฐฉ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ํ™•์žฅ๊ณผ ์žฅ๋ฅด์˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์„ฑ 175 1) ํšŒํ™”์˜ ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ์Œ์•…์˜ ๋ณ€์ฃผ 175 2) ๋ฐฉ์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€์  ์ ์šฉ๊ณผ ๋งค์ฒด 179 โ…ฅ. ์ผํ’ˆํ™”ํ’ ์ˆ˜๋ฌตํ™”์˜ ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์  ํ‘œํ˜„ 186 1. ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์  ์ˆ˜๋ฌตํ™”์˜ ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ํ‘œํ˜„ 188 1) ์ž์•„ํƒ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜• 188 2) ์‹ ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ณผ ๋งˆ๋ฒ• 195 3) ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์  ์ถ˜ํ™”๋„ 201 4) ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์  ํ˜„์‹ค์˜ ๋น„ํŒ 207 5) ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•œ ์œ ํฌ์™€ ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ํœด์‹ 214 6) ํƒ€์ž„๋จธ์‹ ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ณต์˜ ์ดˆ์›” 218 2. ์ข…ํ•ฉ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ํ˜•์‹๊ณผ ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์  ์ˆ˜๋ฌตํ™” 224 1) ํ‰๋ฉด์˜ ์ž…์ฒดํ™” ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๋ฌต์˜ ์ ์šฉ 224 2) ํ–‰์œ„์˜ˆ์ˆ ์  ์ž‘ํ™”ํƒœ๋„ 229 3) ๊ทน์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์  ์ˆ˜๋ฌตํ™” 247 4) ์Œ์•…๊ณผ ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์  ์ˆ˜๋ฌตํ™” 270 โ…ฅ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  285 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 293 Abstract 301Docto

    ๊ณ ๋“  S. ์šฐ๋“œ, ใ€Ž๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญํ™” ๊ณผ์ •ใ€

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    The Americanization of Benjamin Franklin by Gordon S. Wood. New York: Penguin Books, 2005. xvi, 299 pp.์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์ž ๊ณ ๋“  S. ์šฐ๋“œ(Gordon S. Wood)๊ฐ€ ์“ด ใ€Ž๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญํ™” ๊ณผ์ •ใ€(The Americanization of Benjamin Franklin)์€ ์ถœ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ž˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 10์—ฌ ๋…„์ด ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ, ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด, ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญํ˜๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๋‹Œ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‹จ๋ฒˆ์— ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญํ•™๋„๋“ค์˜ ํ•„๋…์„œ๋ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ์„ ์ž…๊ด€์€ ์‹œ๊ณต์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ด ์ธ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณต์ง€ํ–ฅ์  ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ฃผ์˜, ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์šฉ์ฃผ์˜์  ์ง‘์ฐฉ, ๋น„์ฒœํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ฃผ์•„์˜ ๋ˆ๋ฒŒ์ด ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋“ค๋กœ ์ ์ฒ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค(5). ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญํ˜๋ช…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์„ ์†์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ง€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฑด๊ตญ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹น์—ฐ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค(5). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋“œ๋Š” ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ํ›„์„ธ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์  ์š”๊ตฌ, ์ฆ‰ ํ‰๋“ฑ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์—…์  ์‚ฌํšŒ๋™๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํ•œ๋‹ค(13). ์ฆ‰ ์šฐ๋“œ๋Š” ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •์˜ํ•  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตณ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ถ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์ฑ… ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋™์ผ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต, ํ˜น์€์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๋ฅ˜(middling sorts)์˜ ์‹ ๋ถ„์ด ์›๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋งํ•˜๋˜ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์  ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐํžŒ๋‹ค(55)

    Childrens English Novels Lexically Appropriate for Korean Elementary School Students : A Corpus-Based Study

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    This study aimed to determine the number of word types that Korean elementary school students should know in order to comprehend English language novels for children. We selected 14 novels that are educationally appropriate for Korean elementary school students and analyzed the word types and tokens in a corpus of the novels. The study assumed that the students knew the 800 elementary-level basic word types in the Korean national curriculum and other comprehensible word types (e.g., loanwords, proper nouns, numbers). We then analyzed the number of word tokens that would be comprehensible to the students. The results showed that 2,613, 3,211, and 4,729 word types covered 90%, 95%, and 98% of the total token frequency, respectively. Of these, 151, 749, and 2,267 word types were found to be incomprehensible to the target students. Based on these results, we discuss suitable lexical sizes for comprehending childrens English novels and the role of teachers in supporting their students while reading these novel

    Ultrastructure of the cementum and cemento-dentinal junction in human teeth

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์ „๊ณต,2002.Docto

    Analysis of relationship between diversification of banking business and management results

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์ •์ฑ…ํ•™๊ณผ, 2014. 8. ์ตœ๋ณ‘์„ .์ตœ๊ทผ ์žฅ๊ธฐํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์„ฑ์žฅ๋‘”ํ™”์™€ ์ €๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ถ”์„ธ ์†์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ์•…ํ™”์ผ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด์€ํ–‰์—…๊ณ„๋Š” ๋น„์ด์ž์†์ต๋น„์ค‘์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋น„์ด์ž์†์ต๋น„์ค‘์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์€ํ–‰์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ์™”๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ด์˜์—…์ด์ต ์ค‘ ๋น„์ด์ž์†์ต ๋น„์ค‘์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์€ํ–‰์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ์ง€ํ‘œ์™€ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ์ง€ํ‘œ์— ๋ฏธ์นœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋น„์ด์ž์†์ต์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ฃผ์š” ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋“ค์ด ๋น„์ด์ž์†์ต์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์ค‘์ด ์€ํ–‰์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์€ํ–‰์˜ ์„ค๋ฆฝ์›์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์€ํ–‰๊ณผ ํŠน์ˆ˜์€ํ–‰์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ ์€ํ–‰๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„๋กœ ๋น„์ด์ž์†์ต์˜ ๋น„์ค‘ ํ™•๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋น„์ด์ž์†์ต๋น„์ค‘์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ด์ž์†์ต์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ค‘ ๊ทธ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ํฌ๊ณ  ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ์†์ต์˜ ๋น„์ค‘ ํ™•๋Œ€๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์—๋„ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์ด ํฐ ์œ ๊ฐ€์ฆ๊ถŒ, ์™ธํ™˜ ๋ฐ ํŒŒ์ƒ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์†์ต๋น„์ค‘์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์ˆ˜์€ํ–‰์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์€ํ–‰๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น„์ด์ž์†์ต๋น„์ค‘์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด์€ํ–‰์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋น„์ด์ž์†์ต๋น„์ค‘์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ์–‘์ชฝ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ์„  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์€ํ–‰์˜ ๋น„์ด์ž์—…๋ฌด์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ง€์นจ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ธˆ์œต๋‹น๊ตญ์˜ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋น„์ด์ž์†์ต๋น„์ค‘์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์ด์ž์—…๋ฌด์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ด์ƒ ์ปค์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์ด ํฐ ์œ ๊ฐ€์ฆ๊ถŒ ๋ฐ ์™ธํ™˜, ํŒŒ์ƒ์ƒํ’ˆ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ์ปค์งˆ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด ํ™•์žฅ ์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋น„์ด์ž์—…๋ฌด ํ™•๋Œ€์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์€ํ–‰๋ณด๋‹ค ํŠน์ˆ˜์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ํŠน์ˆ˜์€ํ–‰์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์€ํ–‰๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„์ด์ž์—…๋ฌด์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€์–‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์€ํ–‰๋“ค์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 13๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์—…ํ–‰ํƒœ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ๊ฐ ์€ํ–‰๋ณ„๋กœ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ž˜ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ์˜์—ญ์„ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”ํ™”๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ธˆ์œต๋‹น๊ตญ์˜ ์ •์ฑ… ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ–‰ ๊ฒธ์—…ํ™” ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ๋น„์ด์ž์†์ต ์ž์ฒด ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋น„์ด์ž์†์ต์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์™ธ๊ตญ์€ํ–‰๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋น„์ด์ž์ˆ˜์ต์—์„œ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ฐจ๊ฐํ•œ ๋น„์ด์ž์†์ต์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์™ธํ™˜ ๋ฐ ํŒŒ์ƒ์ƒํ’ˆ ๋“ฑ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋น„์ด์ž์—…๋ฌด์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์™œ๊ณก์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์ด์ž์—…๋ฌด์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์€ํ–‰๊ณผ ํŠน์ˆ˜์€ํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์€ํ–‰ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒธ์—…ํ™”์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์€ํ–‰์˜ ํŠน์ง•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์€ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋ถ„์„๋Œ€์ƒ์€ํ–‰์ด 17๊ฐœ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„๋Œ€์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด 13๋…„์œผ๋กœ ๊ธธ์ง€ ์•Š์€๋ฐ ๊ทธ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋” ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ์€ํ–‰ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒธ์—…ํ™”์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์€ํ–‰์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.Amid prolonged struggles attributable to slowdown in economic growth and level of interest rate that has been kept low, it is required for domestic banks to increase the portion of non-interest income (i.e., income other than the interest income) in their operating income. In this regard, this study contains an empirical analysis on how the increase in portion of non-interest income would affect the business performance of domestic banks. This study consists of the following three parts. Firstly, it was analyzed how the increase in portion of non-interest income would affect the profitability and risk of the banks. Second part of the analyses evaluated how each component of non-interest income would affect the profitability and risk of the banks. Lastly, the impact increased portion of non-interest income would have on the profitability and risk was analyzed for commercial banks and special purpose banks (i.e., ones that have been established pursuant to the special purpose law), respectively. Based on the above analyses, it was indicated that the increase in portion of non-interest income has a positive influence on both the profitability and risk level for the banks (e.g., increase in profitability and decrease in risk). The analyses also indicated that the increase in fee income, a component that comprises large portion of non-interest income and does not fluctuate significantly, has a positive impact on profitability while improving the overall level of risk. On the other hand, the increase in portion of securities income, FX income, and derivatives income did not indicate a consistent correlation to the profitability and/or risk. Lastly, it was resulted that the improvement of profitability and risk through the increase in portion of non-interest income would not be as effective for special purpose banks as for general commercial banks. In view of the results of analyses summarized above, the increase in portion of non-interest income appears to be beneficial not only for the improvement in profitability, but also for the management of risk. As such, it was concluded that the policy of financial authority that encourages the increase in portion of non-interest income is practical and appropriate. Having said that, while it would be reasonable for the banks to endeavor to increase the portion of non-interest income for the short-term, they shall be adequately prepared for potential risks that may arise from the portion of non-interest income exceed certain level in the long-term. Furthermore, an increase in the portion of securities/FX/derivatives -related income may have unexpected effects on the business performance and therefore, it would be necessary for the banks to take due care when planning for an expansion in those business areas. Meanwhile, as the positive impact of the increase in portion of non-interest income is lower for the special purpose banks compared to general commercial banks, it would not be appropriate for the special purposes banks to increase the portion of non-interest income by applying the same criteria as general commercial banks. Unlike in the past 13 years, it is critical for domestic banks to precisely understand their strengths/weaknesses and differentiate themselves from others and the financial authority should implement a policy taking such imminent needs of the banks into consideration. Unlike prior studies that have been conducted, this study evaluates the effect diversification in the banking business may have on banks profitability and risk by analyzing not only the non-interest income itself but also various components of such income. Likewise, this study has a different signification from prior studies (that have primarily focused on analyzing cases of foreign banks) in that it is more relevant to domestic banks. Furthermore, the interest revenue (e.g., before net of interest expenses) has been used as a variable in prior studies. However, as there are many financial transactions involving a companion transaction (e.g., hedging) in relation to FX and derivatives, the use of the revenue as variable may lead to a distortion in the analysis results. Therefore, the income, which is revenue net of expense, was used as a variable in this study to reasonably mitigate such distortions. Lastly, this study contains separate analysis conducted for general commercial banks and special purpose banks, respectively, and analysis results indicated that diversification in the banking business have different impact depending on the classification of the banks. This study entails some limitations as individual analysis results for each domestic bank could not be presented and the analyses contained in this study are based on seventeen (17) domestic banks and for the period of thirteen (13) years. If an additional study is carried out in the future that further analyzes the impact of diversification in the banking business (e.g., more refined classification of banks, etc.), it would cast more practical and relevant implications on the policy of financial authority.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  ------------------------------------- 1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  -------------------------------- 1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•-------------------------- 8 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜์™€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ---------------- 10 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ ------------------------------ 10 1. ์€ํ–‰ ๊ฒธ์—…ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์˜ -------------------- 10 2. ๊ธˆ์œต์ง€์ฃผํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ------------------- 12 3. ์ž๋ณธ์‹œ์žฅํ†ตํ•ฉ๋ฒ• ---------------------------- 16 4. ํŠน์ˆ˜์€ํ–‰๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์€ํ–‰ ์ฐจ์ด ------------------- 18 5. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์€ํ–‰์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ------------------------ 22 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  --------------------------- 25 1. ๋น„์ด์ž์†์ต๋น„์ค‘๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ------------ 25 2. ํŠน์ˆ˜์€ํ–‰๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์€ํ–‰์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด ๋น„๊ต --------- 29 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํŠน์ง•๊ณผ ์˜์˜ ---------------- 31 ์ œ3์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ ---------------------------------- 32 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค ---------------------- 32 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ฐ€์„ค๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜• ------------------- 38 ์ œ4์žฅ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ------------------------------- 43 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ด๋Ÿ‰์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ ----------------------------- 43 1. ๋น„์ด์ž์†์ต๋น„์ค‘๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ์ง€ํ‘œ์˜ ์ถ”์ด ๋น„๊ต ------- 43 2. ๋น„์ด์ž์†์ต๋น„์ค‘๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ์ง€ํ‘œ์˜ ์ถ”์ด ๋น„๊ต ------ 44 3. ๋น„์ด์ž์†์ต์˜ ๊ฐ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ๋น„์ค‘์˜ ์ถ”์ด ------------ 45 4. ๋น„์ด์ž์†์ต๋น„์ค‘์˜ ์€ํ–‰๋ณ„ ์ฐจ์ด ----------------- 46 ์ œ2์ ˆ ํŒจ๋„ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ -------------------------- 47 1. ๋น„์ด์ž์†์ต๋น„์ค‘๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ -------------------- 47 2. ๋น„์ด์ž์†์ต์˜ ๊ฐ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์˜ ๋น„์ค‘๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ --------- 52 3. ์€ํ–‰ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋น„์ด์ž์†์ต๋น„์ค‘์ด ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ---------------------------- 55 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ํ•จ์˜ -------------------------------- 59 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ------------------------- 59 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ •์ฑ…์  ํ•จ์˜ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ------------------- 61 --------------------------------------- 64 Abstract ----------------------------------------- 67Maste

    (A)Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur`s Court์™€ Looking Backward: 2000-1887 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ : ์ด์ƒ์  ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์ „๋ง์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ๋‚ด๋Ÿฌํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์  ์„ฑ๊ณผ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์˜์–ด์˜๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ•™์ „๊ณต,2001.Maste

    ์ฃผ๋ฆ„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ์—ฐ๊ตฌ : ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋™์–‘ํ™”๊ณผ, ๋™์–‘ํ™” ์ „๊ณต,2006.Maste
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