390 research outputs found
De Novo Sequence and Copy Number Variants Are Strongly Associated with Tourette Disorder and Implicate Cell Polarity in Pathogenesis
We previously established the contribution of de novo damaging sequence variants to Tourette disorder (TD) through whole-exome sequencing of 511 trios. Here, we sequence an additional 291 TD trios and analyze the combined set of 802 trios. We observe an overrepresentation of de novo damaging variants in simplex, but not multiplex, families; we identify a high-confidence TD risk gene, CELSR3 (cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 3); we find that the genes mutated in TD patients are enriched for those related to cell polarity, suggesting a common pathway underlying pathobiology; and we confirm a statistically significant excess of de novo copy number variants in TD. Finally, we identify significant overlap of de novo sequence variants between TD and obsessive-compulsive disorder and de novo copy number variants between TD and autism spectrum disorder, consistent with shared genetic risk.ope
๊ฐ์ ํผ๋ถ ๋ฐ ๊ท์ ๊ฐ์ผ์ฆ์ ์ผ์ผํค๋ ๋ น๋๊ท ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ด์คํ๋ฆ์ ๋ํ Cold atmospheric microwave plasma์ ํญ๊ท ํจ๊ณผ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(์์ฌ) -- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต๋ํ์ : ์์๊ณผ๋ํ ์์ํ๊ณผ, 2021.8. ๊น์์ฃผ.Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunist pathogen that causes purulent inflammation in the skin and in the ears of dogs. Among the various virulence factors of P. aeruginosa, biofilms have been reported to result in antibiotic resistance, leading to therapeutic limitations. Cold atmospheric microwave plasma (CAMP) is known to have a high antimicrobial effect, which causes physical cell wall rupture and DNA damage.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of cold atmospheric microwave plasma (CAMP) against P. aeruginosa.
The antibacterial effect of CAMP against P. aeruginosa ATCC strain and clinical isolates (n = 30) was evaluated using the colony count method. This study also assessed the effect of CAMP on biofilm by colony count method, water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST) assay, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).
The complete eradication of P. aeruginosa (ATCC strain and clinical isolates) was achieved within 120 seconds at 50 watts (W), and clinical isolates required shorter time than the ATCC strain for complete eradication. In the biofilms, almost 3 log10 (99.9%) reduction in the number of viable cells was achieved within 4 minutes at 50 W, while with 30 W of plasma exposure no significant reduction in biofilms occurs.
CAMP was effective against both planktonic bacteria and also against the biofilm formed by P. aeruginosa. However, further studies are needed about the safety of CAMP to canine skin and ears to fully validate its potential in the clinical application.๋
น๋๊ท ์ ๊ฐ์ ํผ๋ถ์ ๊ท์์ ๋ง์ฑ์ ์ธ ์ผ์ฆ์ ์ผ์ผํค๋ ๊ธฐํ ๊ฐ์ผ๊ท ์ด๋ค. ํญ์์ ์ฒ์น์ ๋ํ ํจ๋ฅ์ ์์ด์ ๋ค์ํ ๋ฐฉํด ์์๋ค์ด ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ์ด์คํ๋ฆ์ ํ์ฑ์ผ๋ก ์ธํ์ฌ ํญ์์ ๋ด์ฑ์ด ์ผ๊ธฐ๋ ์ ์๊ณ ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ์๋ก์ด ์น๋ฃ๋ฒ์ด ํ์ํ๋ค. Cold atmospheric microwave plasma (CAMP)๋ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ธํฌ๋ฒฝ์ ํ๊ดดํ๊ณ DNA์ ์์์ ์ผ๊ธฐํด ๋์ ํญ๊ท ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์๋ ค์ ธ์๋ค.
์ด ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ CAMP์ ๋
น๋๊ท ๊ณผ ๋ฐ์ด์คํ๋ฆ์ ๋ํ ํญ๊ท ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ๊ฐํ์๋ค.
CAMP์ ๋
น๋๊ท ์ ๋ํ ํญ๊ท ํจ๊ณผ๋ ํ์ค ๊ท ์ฃผ์ ์์ ๊ท ์ฃผ (n = 30)๋ฅผ ๋์์ผ๋ก ์ํ๋์๊ณ , colony count method๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ํ๊ฐํ์๋ค. ์ด ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ๋ํ colony count method, water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST) assay, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ฐ์ด์คํ๋ฆ์ ๋ํ CAMP์ ํจ๋ฅ์ ํ๊ฐํ์๋ค.
๋
น๋๊ท (ํ์ค ๊ท ์ฃผ์ ์์ ๊ท ์ฃผ)์ 50 watts (W)์์ 120์ด์์ ์์ ํ ์ฌ๋ฉธ๋์๊ณ , ์์ ๊ท ์ฃผ๋ ํ์ค ๊ท ์ฃผ๋ณด๋ค ์๋ฒฝํ ์ฌ๋ฉธ์ ๋ ์งง์ ์๊ฐ์ด ์์๋์๋ค. ๋ฐ์ด์คํ๋ฆ์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ, ์ด์์๋ ์ธํฌ๋ 50 W์์ 4๋ถ ์์ ๊ฑฐ์ 3 log10 (99.9%) ๊ฐ์ํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, 30 W์์๋ ์ ์์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์๊ฐ ํ์ธ๋์ง ์์๋ค.
๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์ผ๋ก, CAMP๋ ๋
น๋๊ท ๊ณผ ๋ฐ์ด์คํ๋ฆ์ ๋ํด ํญ๊ท ํจ๊ณผ๊ฐ ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์์ฌํ๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง, ์์์ ์ธ ์ ์ฉ์ ์ํด์๋ ๊ฐ์ ํผ๋ถ์ ๊ท์์ CAMP ์ ์ฉ ์์ ์์ ์ฑ์ ๋ํด ์ถ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ํ์ํ๋ค.1. Introduction 1
2. Material and Methods 4
2.1. Bacterial strains
2.2. Cold atmospheric microwave plasma
2.3. Plasma inactivation of planktonic cells
2.4. Biofilm growth
2.5. Plasma inactivation of biofilms
2.6. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM)
2.7. Statistical methods
3. Results 9
3.1. In vitro study of the bactericidal effect of CAMP
3.2. Bactericidal effect of CAMP on P. aeruginosa ATCC10145 in biofilms
3.3. Live/Dead Staining and CLSM
4. Discussion 12
5. Conclusion 16
References 22
๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ด๋ก 27์
The Use of Virtual Reality in Psychiatry: A Review
With the advancement in modern information technology, virtual reality (VR) is being increasingly used for the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of mental disorders. Recently, a VR-based cognitive behavioral therapy for social phobia has been recognized as a new medical technology in South Korea. This might lead to an increase in the use of VR in the field of psychiatry. The present review provides an overview of the status of VR therapies in various psychiatric conditions such as anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychosis, addiction, and eating disorder. Besides, it summarizes the role of VR therapy in the management of disorders associated with child and adolescence psychiatry as well as various other clinical applications. Additionally, we discuss the merits and limitations of VR therapy, which might serve as a useful reference for researchers. In the current environment wherein novel medical models consisting of a combination of digital devices and medicine are being developed; understanding new technologies such as VR could open new doors to mental health treatments.ope
Predicting Behavior Problems in Korean Preschoolers: Interactions of the SLC6A4 Gene and Maternal Negative Affectivity
Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether maternal negative affectivity (MNA) moderates the effect of genetic polymorphism of SLC6A4 on behavior problems in children.
Methods: Study participants comprised 143 preschoolers and their mothers from South Korea. The Childhood Behavior Checklist and Emotionality, Activity, and Sociability adult scale were used to measure child behavior and maternal affectivity. DNA from saliva was genotyped to determine serotonin transporter polymorphism.
Results: MNA appeared to exert effects in externalizing (b =5.78, p๏ผ0.001) and internalizing problems (b =6.09, p๏ผ 0.001). Interaction between SLCA4 polymorphism and MNA showed effects on externalizing (b =-7.62, p๏ผ0.01) and internalizing problems (b =-9.77, p๏ผ0.01). Children with two short alleles showed considerable differences in both externalizing and internalizing problems according to MNA; however, children with one short allele or none showed relatively few differences in behavior problems due to maternal affectivity.
Conclusion: The effect of SLC6A4 polymorphism on child behavior seemed to be moderated by MNA. In addition, the impact of MNA was found to vary based on a child s genetic risk. High MNA may trigger the risk allele while low MNA causes the risk allele to illicit less behavior problems. Children with two short variants of the SLC6A4 gene may benefit from intervention that modulates MNA.ope
Joint Attention Virtual Classroom: A Preliminary Study
Objective: Previous studies have suggested that a virtual classroom is immersive and ecologically valid neuropsychological assessment, but those studies have limited components for social attentions. Therefore, the objective in the current study is the development of a joint attention virtual reality (JA-VR) classroom to incorporate social attentions between a participant and a virtual avatar teacher.
Methods: Fifty-eight participants were recruited for current study (25 for pilot and 33 for main studies; 32.8% female, n=19; age: M=24.5, SD=4.0). We suggested a JA-VR classroom, and compared it with previous methods including a VR classroom without JA components. We conducted attention experiments with AX-version of continuous performance tasks.
Results: Our results suggest that the new JA-VR classroom had convergent validity with previous methods, and that the JA-VR classroom promoted attentional processing among participants better than both old VR and non-VR measures.
Conclusion: We add an important social attention concept to the virtual classroom, and believe that this work is an methodological foundation for the study of social attention in school life. We hope it ultimately help people with mental handicaps in social attention.ope
A Study on the Trust of Male on the Female Public Servants in Korea
The purpose of this study is seek for the practical methods that trust of male on the female public servants by empirical-positive approach. In this regards, this study considers the concept, features, precede study of trust, as the academic background of this study. In the nest step, this study examined prior researches for the composition variables of trust in order to analyze the trust of male on the female public servants.
In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, the scope of study is limited in Pusan. This study analyzes 15 local municipalities including Pusan metropolitan city. In special, this study covered the survey on the perception on the male officials.
As to summarize the results of this study, the composition variables of trust are individual background variables, cooperation, consistency in personnel policies, innovation.
Based on the results from this study, several policy implications can be drawn for the trust of male on the female public servants. First of all, in order to improve the trust of male on the female public servants, strengthen management of appointment, strengthen cooperation, make certain of consistency in personnel policies, strengthen job training for female servants.๊ณต์ง๋ด ์ฌ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์์ ์ฆ๊ฐ๋ผ๋ ์ํฉ์ด ๋จ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์๋ค์ ์ฌํ์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๋ณ์์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ฌ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์์ ๋ํ ์ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์์ฉํ๋์ง๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์๋นํ ์๋ฏธ๊ฐ ์๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ ํ ์ ์๊ฒ ๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์์ง๊น์ง ๋จ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์๋ค์ ์ฌ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์์ ๋ํ ์ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋๋จํ ๋๋ฌธ ํธ์ด๋ค.
์ด๋ฌํ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์์ ์ํ์ ์ ๋ขฐ์ธ ๋จ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์๊ณผ ์ฌ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์๊ฐ์ ์ ๋ขฐ๋ ํจ์จ์ฑ์ ์ฆ๋์ํค๋ ์กฐ์ง์ ๋ขฐ๋ก ์ด์ด์ง๋ค๋ ์ ์์ ๊ทธ ์ค์์ฑ์ ์ธ์ํ๊ณ , ๋จ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์์ ์ธ์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ํน์ฑ์ด ์ฌ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์์ ๋ํ ์ ๋ขฐ์ ์ด๋ ํ ์ํฅ์ ์ฃผ์๋์ง๋ฅผ ๋
ผ์ํ๊ณ ์ ํ์๋ค. ๋ค์ ๋งํด, ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ์ฌ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์์์ ์ฆ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋จ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์๋ค์ ์ ๋ขฐ์ ์ด๋ ํ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ค์ฆ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์ํ๊ณ , ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ๋ณ์๋ค์ ๋์ถํ์ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ ๋๋ก ๊ณต์ง๋ด ์ํ์ ์ ๋ขฐ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์ง์ ๋ขฐ ํฅ์๋ฐฉ์์ ์ํ ๋์์ ์ ์ํ๊ณ ์ ํ์๋ค.
๋ถ์๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฐ๋ น๊ณผ ์ง๊ธ์ด ๋๊ณ , ์ฌ์ง๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ด ๊ธธ์๋ก ์ฌ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์๋ค์ ๋ํด ๋ถ์ ์ ์๋ต๋ฅ ์ด ๋๊ฒ ๋ํ๋ฌ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฌ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์์ ๋ํ ๋จ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์์ ์ ๋ขฐ์ ๋ํ ๊ฐ ๋ณ์์ ์ํฅ์์ธ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จํด์๋ ํ๋ ฅ์์, ์ ๋ถ์ ์ฑ
์ ์ผ๊ด์ฑยทํฌ๋ช
์ฑ, ํ์ ์ฑ ๋ฑ์ด ์ ์๋ฏธํ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค.
์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์ง๊ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐํ, ์ฌ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์๊ณผ ๋จ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์ ์ํธ๊ฐ์ ํ๋ ฅ์์ ๊ฐํ, ์ฌ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์์ ๋ํ ๊ฐ์ข
์ธ์ฌ์ ์ฑ
์ ์ผ๊ด์ฑยทํฌ๋ช
์ฑ ํ๋ณด, ์ฌ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์์ ๊ต์กํ๋ จ๊ฐํ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ง๋ด์์ ์ฌ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์์ ๋ํ ๋จ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์์ ์ ๋ขฐํฅ์์ ์ํ ์ ์ฑ
์ ์ ์ธ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ํ์๋ค.์ 1 ์ฅ. ์ ๋ก = 1
์ 1์ . ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ชฉ์ = 1
์ 2์ . ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ฒ์ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ = 4
1. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ฒ์ = 4
2. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ = 5
์ 2 ์ฅ. ์ ๋ขฐ์ ๊ฐ๋
๊ณผ ๊ด์ = 6
์ 1์ . ์ ๋ขฐ์ ๊ฐ๋
= 6
์ 2์ . ์ ๋ขฐ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๊ด์ ๊ณผ ์ ํ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ = 11
1. ์ ๋ขฐ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๊ด์ ๊ณผ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ด์ฉ = 12
2. ์ ํ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ = 13
์ 3 ์ฅ. ๋ถ์๋ชจํ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์ฌ์ค๊ณ = 22
์ 1์ . ํ๊ตญ์ฌ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์์ ํํฉ = 22
1. ์ ๊ตญ์ฌ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์ ๋ณํ์ถ์ด = 25
2. ๋ถ์ฐ๊ด์ญ์ ์ฌ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์์ ๋ณํ์ถ์ด = 27
์ 2์ . ๋
๋ฆฝ๋ณ์๋์ถ๊ณผ ์ค๋ฌธ์ง ๊ตฌ์ฑ = 29
1. ๋
๋ฆฝ๋ณ์๋์ถ = 29
2. ์ฒ๋์ ๊ตฌ์ฑ = 30
์ 4 ์ฅ. ์ฌ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์์ ๋ํ ๋จ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์์ ์ ๋ขฐ๋ถ์ = 34
์ 1์ . ์๋ฃ์ ์์ง๊ณผ ํ๋ณธํน์ฑ = 34
์ 2์ . ์๋ฃ์ ํน์ฑ ๋ฐ ์ฒ๋์ ํ๋น์ฑ๋ถ์ = 36
์ 3์ . ์ฌ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์์ ๋ํ ๋จ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์์ ์ ๋ขฐ์ํฅ์์ธ ๋ถ์ = 48
1. ๋
๋ฆฝ๋ณ์์ ์ข
์๋ณ์๊ฐ์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ถ์ = 48
2. ์ ๋ขฐ์ ์ํฅ์์ธ ๋ถ์ = 50
์ 5 ์ฅ. ๋ถ์๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ๋ํ ์ ์ฑ
์ ์ ์ธ = 53
1. ์ฌ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์ ๋ณด์ง๊ด๋ฆฌ ๊ฐํ = 54
2. ์ฌ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์๊ณผ ๋จ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์์ ํ๋ ฅ์์ ๊ฐํ = 55
3. ์ฌ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์์ ๋ํ ๊ฐ์ข
์ธ์ฌ์ ์ฑ
์ ์ผ๊ด์ฑยทํฌ๋ช
์ฑ ํ๋ณด = 56
4. ์ฌ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฌด์์ ๊ต์กํ๋ จ๊ฐํ = 57
์ 6 ์ฅ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก = 59
์ฐธ ๊ณ ๋ฌธ ํ = 61
๋ถ๋ก (์ค๋ฌธ์ง) = 6
Management of Aggression in Young Male Adults Using the Virtual Reality-Based Communication Modification Program
High aggression is common and costly for mental health problems in young adults. Because communication is a universal part of social relationships, including conflicts with others, it could be a possible target for mediating aggression. This study aimed to evaluate whether the virtual reality (VR)-based communication modification program can be utilized for aggression management. Fifty-eight individuals with high aggression (n = 30) and with low aggression (n = 28) completed psychological assessments associated with aggression and functional communication, and they participated in the program, consisting of the three tasks: exploring the communication style, practicing functional communication, and expressing empathy. The participantsโ selections and their visual analog scale scores, in response to questions in the tasks, were collected as behavioral data. Results indicated that the high aggression group selected blaming dysfunctional communication style more frequently than the low aggression group. VR-based parameters, expected to reflect dysfunctional communication-related characteristics, showed significantly different correlations with aggression-related traits between the two groups. These findings show that our program may accurately represent an individualโs aggressive traits and elicit the appropriate reaction.ope
Abnormalities of Inter- and Intra-Hemispheric Functional Connectivity in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Study Using the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange Database.
Recently, the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) project revealed decreased functional connectivity in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) relative to the typically developing controls (TDCs). However, it is still questionable whether the source of functional under-connectivity in subjects with ASD is equally contributed by the ipsilateral and contralateral parts of the brain. In this study, we decomposed the inter- and intra-hemispheric regions and compared the functional connectivity density (FCD) between 458 subjects with ASD and 517 TDCs from the ABIDE database. We quantified the inter- and intra-hemispheric FCDs in the brain by counting the number of functional connectivity with all voxels in the opposite and same hemispheric brain regions, respectively. Relative to TDCs, both inter- and intra-hemispheric FCDs in the posterior cingulate cortex, lingual/parahippocampal gyrus, and postcentral gyrus were significantly decreased in subjects with ASD. Moreover, in the ASD group, the restricted and repetitive behavior subscore of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-RRB) score showed significant negative correlations with the average inter-hemispheric FCD and contralateral FCD in the lingual/parahippocampal gyrus cluster. Also, the ADOS-RRB score showed significant negative correlations with the average contralateral FCD in the default mode network regions such as the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus. Taken together, our findings imply that a deficit of non-social functioning processing in ASD such as restricted and repetitive behaviors and sensory hypersensitivity could be determined via both inter- and intra-hemispheric functional disconnections.ope
Rehabilitation of Bickerstaff's Brainstem Encephalitis with Guillain-Barre Syndrome -A case report-
We reported a 32-year-old man diagnosed as Bickerstaffโs brainstem encephalitis with Guillian-Barre syndrome. After plasmapheresis, his consciousness and respiratory function and motor strength improved. He was discharged without rehabilitation treatment and could perform activities of daily living independently on wheel chair level. For reducing cocontraction of lower extremity muscles, neuromuscular reeducation using EMG biofeedback was performed after admission. After a month of treatment, gait pattern was improved. He received rehabilitative managements such as pool therapy with gait training and improved to 4/5 grade at proximal lower extremities, but the endurance and the quality for his walking was poor because of the cocontraction of muscles in lower extremities. EMG biofeedback for the neuromuscular reeducation leading to each muscleโs isolated movements was done. After 2-month rehabilitation, he could walk over 20 meters even level independently without walking aids. This case could be a good model for the effective neuromuscular reeducation.ope
Managing Game-Related Conflict With Parents of Young Adults With Internet Gaming Disorder: Development and Feasibility Study of a Virtual Reality App
Background: Individuals with internet gaming disorder (IGD) report facing family conflicts repeatedly because of their excessive internet gaming. With recent advancements in virtual reality (VR) technology, VR therapy has emerged as a promising method for the management of various psychiatric disorders, including IGD. Given that several risk and protective factors for young people with addiction can be influenced by their interpersonal context, the potential utility of VR-based apps for managing family conflicts needs to be examined with reference to IGD management. However, few studies have evaluated potential treatment modules related to interpersonal conflict management, such as emotion regulation and taking the perspective of others.
Objective: This preliminary study aims to examine the potential use of a VR-based app in the management of game-related conflicts with parents of young adults with IGD and matched controls.
Methods: In total, 50 young male adults (24 with IGD and 26 controls) were recruited to participate in the study. We developed a virtual room where game-related family conflicts arise. Using this room, participants completed 2 VR tasks that required them to express anger and then implement coping skills (ie, risk/benefit assessment of stopping a game and taking parents' perspective) to deal with negative emotions in interpersonal conflict situations and to decrease one's gaming behavior.
Results: The results showed that immersion in our VR app tended to provoke negative emotions in individuals with IGD. In addition, after a risk/benefit assessment of stopping a game, the response of stopping a game immediately increased significantly in the IGD group, suggesting that patients' gaming behavior could be changed using our VR program. Furthermore, in individuals with IGD, longer gaming hours were associated with a lower level of perceived usefulness of the coping skills training.
Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that our VR app may be useful for implementing more desirable behaviors and managing gaming-related family conflicts in individuals with IGD. Our VR app may offer an alternative for individuals with IGD to learn how a vicious cycle of conflicts is developed and to easily and safely assess their dysfunctional thoughts behind the conflicts (ie, perceived unreasonable risks of stopping a game and thoughts acting as a barrier to taking the perspective of others).ope
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