28 research outputs found

    ์ œ2ํšŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง€์›์„œ๋น„์Šค ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ•ํ™” ์„ธ๋ฏธ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœํ‘œ์ž๋ฃŒ

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    ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘์•™๋„์„œ๊ด€๊ณผ ๋ถ„๊ด€์ด ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ๋…ธํ•˜์šฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง€์› ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์งˆ์  ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ •๋ณด ๊ณต์œ ์™€ ๊นŠ์ด์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์งˆ ๋†’์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง€์› ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค

    ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ่ˆน ๆฐดๅนณ-๋น„ํ‹‚ ๏ฆ—ๆˆ ๆŒฏๅ‹•์˜ ่จญ่จˆ ๅˆๆœŸ ็ฐก็•ฅๅŒ– ่งฃๆž

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธๅคงๅญธๆ ก ๅคงๅญธ้™ข :้€ ่ˆนๆตทๆด‹ๅทฅๅญธ็ง‘,1995.Maste

    Post-Communist Transitions and Democratic Consolidation

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    1980~90๋…„๋Œ€์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ 2000๋…„๋Œ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™” ์ถ”์„ธ(the state of democratization)์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๋‚จ๋ฏธ, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด, ์ค‘๋™, ๋™๊ตฌ, ์œ ๋ผ์‹œ์•„(๊ตฌ์†Œ๋ จ ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ๋“ค)๋“ฑ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์ดํ–‰์ด ๋”๋””๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์ดํ–‰ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ์„œ ๊ณต๊ณ ํ™”๋œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋กœ ๋„์•ฝํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ๋น„๊ต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™”๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ณ , ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์™€ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๋…์žฌ์—์„œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋กœ ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋กœ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์  ์ดํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ง€์‹๋“ค์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด ๋†“์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์žฅ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™” ์ด๋ก ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•ด 20์—ฌ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ํƒˆ๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฒด์ œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์กฐ๋ช…ํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํƒˆ๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฒด์ œ ์ดํ–‰(post-communist transition)์€ ํ”ํžˆ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™”(democrati-zation), ์‹œ์žฅํ™”(marketization), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™(social changes)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๋ณธ ์žฅ์˜ ์ดˆ์ ์€ ํƒˆ๊ณต์‚ฐ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๋ณ€๋™๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™”์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 28๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒˆ๊ณต์‚ฐ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋™๊ตฌ์™€ ์œ ๋ผ์‹œ์•„๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™”์˜ ์ง„์ฒ™ ์ •๋„๋‚˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™”์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ•œ ้žํƒˆ๊ณต์‚ฐ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ํƒˆ๊ณต์‚ฐ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒˆ๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฒด์ œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™”์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ๋ณธ ์žฅ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ์  ๋…ผ์ ์€ ํƒˆ๊ณต์‚ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์ดํ–‰์ด ์ง€์—ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ๋…์žฌ๋กœ์˜ ํ›„ํ‡ด๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํƒˆ๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฒด์ œ ์ดํ–‰์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ถ„์„์  ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ค‘๋™๊ตฌ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ(Central-Eastern Europe)๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‚จ๋™๊ตฌ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ(ํ˜น์€ ๋ฐœ์นธ) ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™” ์ดํ–‰ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ถ„์„์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์œ ๋ผ์‹œ์•„์ง€์—ญ์˜ 14๊ฐœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ์ง€์•ผ, ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜, ํ‚ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ์Šค์Šคํƒ„ ๋“ฑ 3๊ฐœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 11๊ฐœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™” ์ดํ–‰๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์ ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์žฅ์€ 28๊ฐœ ํƒˆ๊ณต์‚ฐ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™” ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™” ์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ๋ฐํž ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํƒˆ๊ณต์‚ฐ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™” ์„ฑ๊ณผ(์–ด๋–ค ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋Š”)๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ์›์ธ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ์„œ๊ตฌ ์••๋ ฅ, ์ •์น˜์ œ๋„, ์ž์› ๋“ฑ์ด๋‹ค.The state of democratization on a global scale in the 2000s suggests that the third wave of democracy has stalled, with transitional countries largely failing to consolidate democratic gains or slipping back into authoritarianism. The purpose of this article is to examine the state of democratization in the countries of Eastern Europe and Eurasia and to illuminate why some countries succeed and others fail. The challenges of democratization in Eurasian countries are very different from those in Eastern Europe. Causal explanations for democratic trajectories in Eastern Europe and Eurasia are found in structural prerequisites, Western pressure, political institutions, and resources

    Global Shale Revolution and Changes in Energy Market and Geopolitics in East Asia

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    ํ•œยท์ค‘ยท์ผ์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 20์—ฌ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ค‘๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์กด์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ๊ทน๋™/์‹œ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ž์›๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2000๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ์ดํ›„ ๋ถ๋ฏธ ์…ฐ์ผํ˜๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ LNG ์ˆ˜์ถœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜ LNG ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ™•๋Œ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์›์š”, ๊ฐ€์Šค๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ตญ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ด ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋“ฑ ์‹ ํฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ตญ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์น˜์—ดํ•ด์ง„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ, ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ตฌ๋„๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์œ„์ฃผ ์‹œ์žฅ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์—„์ด ์™„ํ™”์— ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋งž์ถฐ์ ธ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์›์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์ƒ์‚ฐ์€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™•๋Œ€๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์…ฐ์ผํ˜๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์ , ์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ๊ฐ์ถ•์žฅ์€ ๋™๋ถ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค. ๋™๋ถ์•„ ์ง€์—ญ์—๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ LNG ์ˆ˜์š”๊ตญ๋“ค์ด ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ, ์ค‘๊ตญ, ์ผ๋ณธ, ๋Œ€๋งŒ 4๊ฐœ๊ตญ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ LNG ์ˆ˜์ž…์˜ 61%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์„์œ ์‹œ์žฅ๋„ ์•„์‹œ์•„๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœํŽธ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ง„์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ ฅ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฒ ๋„, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ์ธํ”„๋ผ(์ „๋ ฅ๋ง) ๊ตฌ์ถ•์ด๋ฉฐ, ์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„ ๊ธ‰์ฆ๊ณผ ์›์ž๋ ฅ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์—๊ฒŒ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์„์œ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์ˆ˜์ถœ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์…ฐ์ผํ˜๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋™๋ถ์•„ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์›์œ , ๊ฐ€์Šค ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ณผ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ๋™๋ถ์•„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ง„์ถœ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ง€์ •ํ•™ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.In Russia, oil and gas, rather than the army and the navy, are being touted as the countrys most important assets. Many Europeans today perceive their reliance on Russian energy, in particular gas, as a threat. Some say that Russia uses energy as a political weapon and cannot be trusted as a supplier. Russia is sending record amounts of oil to Asia, eroding the dominance of the Middle East. Russias relations with Northeast Asian (NEA) countries have seen its ups and downs, but the year 2009 saw remarkable developments in Russia-NEA relations regarding both oil and gas. The resources of Asiatic Russia and the needs of China, Japan, and the two Koreas create enormous potential for economic partnerships. Although there is still some uncertainty regarding the size and economics of shale has, there has been ample evidence that increased shale gas production in the US is changing the characteristics of has markets in Europe and Asia. Significant shale has production has the potential to lower natural has prices in Asia. Changes in global gas markets will have a fundamental impact on geopolitics and international security. The goal of this paper is to examine recent trends in terms of the North American shale revolution and chart its potential global implications in Europe and East Asia. It begins by detailing the state of U.S. natural gas and oil production, and goes on to examine its impact โ€“ with particular emphasis on Northeast Asia

    The Shale Revolution and a New International Energy Order

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    ์…ฐ์ผํ˜๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ด‰๋ฐœ๋œ ๊ตญ์ œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์งˆ์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ (1) ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์•ˆ๋ณด (2) ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ง€์ •ํ•™ (3) ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค์™€ ์•„ํ‚คํ…์ณ์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์—์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ตญ์ œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์•ˆ๋ณด์˜ ์ƒ์ถฉ, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ง€์ •ํ•™์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋Œ, ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ, ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ง€์—ญ์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ์˜ ๋‹ค์žํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ฒด์™€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ๊ตฌ์ถ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•œ๋‹ค.This article examines a changing international energy oder triggered by the US shale revolution in the context of (1) the nexus between climate change and energy security (2) energy market and geopolitics (3) global energy governance and architecture. The article characterizes the current international energy order as conflicting goals of climate change and energy security, energy market uncertainty and geopolitical conflicts, and the absence of global governance. It further argues that a cooperative body and the building of governance mechanism that coordinates and mediates different interests of countries is needed at both global and regional, particularly Asian, levels

    Revocable Dynamic Attribute-Based Encryption

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    MasterTodayโ€™s computing technologies like the Cloud Computing have attracted more and more people to store their private data on Clouds. When people enjoy the advantages that are ease of sharing and cost saving, their concerns about data security also arise. For resolving this, encryption is needed for data saving in un-trusted storage. However, traditional encryption methods are not support fine-grained access control for encrypted data. CP-ABE (Ciphertext-Policy Attribute Based Encryption) is a kind of ABE(Attribute-Based Encryption) that was proposed to resolve the exact issue of fine-grained access control on shared data in un-trusted storage. There is essential issue when directly applying CP-ABE schemes to practical applications. It is user management like user revocation or user addition. In this paper, I proposed a new ABE scheme that the authority can invite new members to join or permanently revoke undesired members dynamically with general expressiveness of access structure
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