51 research outputs found

    A Study on the Prevention Method of Environmental Hazard Material from Ship : Focusing on the Non-Effected Marine Environmental Convention

    Get PDF
    The protection of marine environment has been one of concerns in the maritime community. This dissertation identifies shipborn substances which are harmful to the marine environment and relevant international conventions regulating the discharge of those substances. The requirements stipulated in related conventions and preventive methods against pollution caused by shipborn harmful substances are especially the main focus of this study. International Maritime Organization(IMO) has developed Protocol of 1978 relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973(MARPOL 73/78). The Annex VI on Regulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships, which was adopted in 1997, will enter into force on 19 May 2005. IMO has also adopted International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling Systems on Ships, 2001 and International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004. As per regulations for the prevention of air pollution from ships, relevant governments and industries have been preparing for the implementation of its requirement since its adoption in 1997, by developing IMO compliant marine engines and low sulphur fuel oil. Hence, no problem is foreseen prior to the entry into force date of 19th May 2005. However, the CO2 matter has emerged as an issue to be dealt with in IMO because the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change has fulfilled the criteria for entry into force in November 2004. Therefore, it is envisaged that the regulation on CO2 emission from ships will be materialized in the near future as the IMO is discussing this matter at Marine Environment Protection Committee in order to come up with emission requirements. Therefore, there is a need to develop equipment to lower CO2 emission from ships by closely monitoring the global trend. International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling Systems on Ships was adopted on 5 October 2001. This convention will prohibit the use of harmful organotins in anti-fouling paints used on ships from 1 January 2003. Korea has analyzed the harmful environmental effects of organotin compounds on marine environment and has restricted the use of harmful anti-fouling system on board all Korean flagged ships since 16 September 2004. This new measures will help reduce pollution caused by organotin compounds used in the anti-fouling system in territorial waters of Korea. Even though the TBT-free anti-fouling paint has already been on the market, it is widely recognized that the less effective anti-fouling capability reduces the speed of ship. This is the reason why there has been a delay in the entry into force of the Convention. In this respect, Korea should develop TBT-free anti-fouling paint with high anti-fouling capability not only to ensure cost-effective operation of ships but to export such paints to other countries. IMO adopted International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments on 13 February 2004 to prevent potentially devastating effects of the spread of harmful aquatic organisms carried by ships' ballast water. Since this convention is expected to be entered into force in 2009, equipment and provisions for ballast water treatment on board ship need to be developed in advance. Furthermore, the government should take necessary steps such as the establishment of a national law and the designation of discharging area, etc. It is generally agreed that full implementation of international convention on the protection of oil pollution and harmful substances pollution from ships have greatly contributed to protecting marine environment. It is therefore necessary to have good understanding on the recently adopted international convention such as regulations for the prevention of air pollution from ships, Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling Systems and Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments for the protection of pristine marine environment.κ·Έλ¦Όλͺ©μ°¨ β…³ ν‘œλͺ©μ°¨ β…΄ Abstract β…Ά 제1μž₯ μ„œ λ‘  1 1.1 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ°°κ²½ 1 1.2 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ  2 제2μž₯ μ„ λ°•μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄λ¬Όμ§ˆ 뢄석 4 2.1 μ„ λ°•μš΄ν•­κ³Ό ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄λ¬Όμ§ˆ 4 2.2 λ°°μΆœμ›λ³„ ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄λ¬Όμ§ˆ μ €κ°κΈ°μˆ  6 2.1.1 μ£ΌκΈ°κ΄€ 및 보기기관 7 2.2.2 κ°€μŠ€ ν„°λΉˆ 8 2.2.3 보일러 8 2.2.4 μ„ λ°•λ°ΈλŸ¬μŠ€νŠΈμˆ˜ 9 2.2.5 μ„ λ°•μ˜ μ—μ–΄μ½˜ 및 냉μž₯κ³  9 2.2.6 μ„ λ°•μ˜ ν™”λ¬Όμ°½ 관리 10 2.2.7 λΉŒμ§€μˆ˜, κΈ°κ΄€ 및 νŽŒν”„μ‹€ 10 2.2.8 λ°©ν™” κΈ°κΈ° 11 2.2.9 λΆˆν™œμ„± κ°€μŠ€ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ 11 2.2.10 선체 ν‘œλ©΄μ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄λ¬Όμ§ˆ 11 2.2.11 μ„ λ°•μ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” ν•˜μˆ˜ 12 2.2.12 폐기물 12 제3μž₯ ν•΄μ–‘ν™˜κ²½ κ΅­μ œν˜‘μ•½ 13 3.1 ν•΄μ–‘ν™˜κ²½ κ΅­μ œν˜‘μ•½μ˜ κ°œμš” 13 3.2 ν•΄μ–‘ν™˜κ²½κ΄€λ ¨ κ΅­μ œν˜‘μ•½μ˜ μ£Όμš” ν˜„ν™© 15 3.2.1 ν•΄μ–‘ν™˜κ²½κ΄€λ ¨ κ΅­μ œν˜‘μ•½μ˜ μ’…λ₯˜ 15 3.2.2 ν•΄μ–‘ν™˜κ²½ 보전을 μœ„ν•œ κ΅­μ œν˜‘μ•½μ˜ μ£Όμš” 흐름 19 3.2.3 μ£Όμš” ν•΄μ–‘ν™˜κ²½ κ΄€λ ¨ κ΅­μ œν˜‘μ•½μ˜ μ£Όμš” λ‚΄μš© 23 제4μž₯ μ„ λ°•λŒ€κΈ°μ˜€μ—Όλ¬Όμ§ˆ 배좜 방지 40 4.1 μ„ λ°•μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°μ˜ λŒ€κΈ°μ˜€μ—Όλ¬Όμ§ˆ 배좜 규제 ν˜„ν™© 40 4.2 선박에 μ˜ν•œ λŒ€κΈ°μ˜€μ—Ό ν˜„ν™© 41 4.2.1 ν™©μ‚°ν™”λ¬Ό(SOx) μ˜€μ—Όν˜„ν™© 42 4.2.2 μ§ˆμ†Œμ‚°ν™”λ¬Ό(NOx) μ˜€μ—Όν˜„ν™© 44 4.2.3 μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œ(CO2) λ°°μΆœν˜„ν™© 46 4.3 κ΅­μ œν•΄μ‚¬κΈ°κ΅¬(IMO) 규제 및 각ꡭ λŒ€μ‘ λ°©μ•ˆ 48 4.3.1 μ„ λ°•μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λŒ€κΈ°μ˜€μ—Όλ°©μ§€ κ·œμΉ™μ—μ„œ ν™©μ‚°ν™”λ¬Ό 규제 49 4.3.2 MARPOL 73/78 λΆ€μ†μ„œ6의 λ°œνš¨κ°€ ꡭ내에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯ 53 4.3.3 μœ λŸ½κ³΅λ™μ²΄(EU)의 μ„ λ°•μ—μ„œ λ°°μΆœλ˜λŠ” SOx/NOx 저감방아 544 4.3.4 μœ λŸ½κ³΅λ™μ²΄(EU)의 ν•΄μˆ˜νƒˆν™©μ— μ˜ν•œ SOx 처리효과 57 4.4 μ„ λ°•λŒ€κΈ°μ˜€μ—Όλ¬Όμ§ˆ λ°°μΆœλ°©μ§€ λ°©μ•ˆ 59 제5μž₯ μœ ν•΄ 방였물질 배좜 방지 62 5.1 λ°©μ˜€λ„λ£Œμ™€ ν•΄μ–‘μƒλ¬Όμ²΄μ˜ ν”Όν•΄ 62 5.2 TBT λ„λ£Œ μ‚¬μš© ν˜„ν™© 64 5.2.1 TBT ν•¨μœ  페인트의 κ΅­λ‚΄ κ·œμ œλ™ν–₯ 66 5.2.2 TBT ν•¨μœ  λ°©μ˜€λ„λ£Œ 및 Tin-free λ°©μ˜€λ„λ£Œ μƒμ‚°λŸ‰ 67 5.2.3 TBT ν•¨μœ  λ°©μ˜€λ„λ£Œ 도μž₯ ν˜„ν™© 70 5.3 μœ ν•΄λ°©μ˜€λ¬Όμ§ˆ λ°°μΆœλ°©μ§€ λ°©μ•ˆ 71 제6μž₯ μ„ λ°•λ°ΈλŸ¬μŠ€νŠΈμˆ˜λ‘œλΆ€ν„° ν•΄μ–‘μƒνƒœκ³„ 보호 73 6.1 μ„ λ°•λ°ΈλŸ¬μŠ€νŠΈμˆ˜ κ΄€λ¦¬μ˜ κ°œμš” 73 6.2 λ°ΈλŸ¬μŠ€νŠΈμˆ˜μ— μ˜ν•œ ν•΄μ–‘μƒνƒœκ³„ ν”Όν•΄ ν˜„ν™© 75 6.3 세계적 λŒ€μ‘ν˜„ν™© 78 6.3.1 미ꡭ의 λŒ€μ‘λ°©μ•ˆ 78 6.3.2 호주의 λŒ€μ‘λ°©μ•ˆ 80 6.3.3 κ΅­μ œν•΄μ‚¬κΈ°κ΅¬(IMO)의 λŒ€μ‘ 82 6.4 μ„ λ°•μ˜ 밸러슀트수 관리 및 λ°°μΆœκ·œμ œμ— κ΄€ν•œ ν˜‘μ•½ λ‚΄μš© 85 6.5 밸러슀트수 처리기술개발 ν˜„ν™© 87 6.6 μ„ λ°•λ°ΈλŸ¬μŠ€νŠΈμˆ˜λ‘œλΆ€ν„° ν•΄μ–‘μƒνƒœκ³„λ³΄ν˜Έ λ°©μ•ˆ 93 6.6.1 μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ ν™˜κ²½μ— 졜적의 μ„ λ°•λ°ΈλŸ¬μŠ€νŠΈμˆ˜ 처리μž₯치 개발 94 6.6.2 μ™Έκ΅­μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 밸러슀트수 μœ μž… 방지 λ°©μ•ˆ 수립 96 6.6.3 μ„ λ°•λ°ΈλŸ¬μŠ€μˆ˜ λ°°μΆœμ§€μ •ν•΄μ—­ μ„€μ • 99 6.6.4 μœ μ‚¬ν•œ ν•΄μ–‘ν™˜κ²½ 지역에 λŒ€ν•œ λ©΄μ œμ¦μ„œ λ°œκΈ‰ 102 6.6.5 밸러슀트수 규제λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ ꡭ내법 μ œμ • 103 제7μž₯ κ²° λ‘  105 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 10

    (A) study for valuation of KT

    No full text
    Thesis(masters) --μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ κ²½μ˜μ „λ¬ΈλŒ€ν•™μ› :κ²½μ˜ν•™κ³Ό(SNUGlobal MBA전곡),2010.8.Maste

    ν™©ν•΄μƒμ—μ„œ ν™©ν™”ν•©λ¬Όμ˜ μˆ˜μ†‘ 및 λ³€ν™˜

    No full text
    Thesis (doctoral)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :λŒ€κΈ°κ³Όν•™κ³Ό,2001.Docto

    동물λͺ¨λΈμ—μ„œ λ‹¨νšŒ 및 반볡 κ²½κ΅¬νˆ¬μ—¬ 독성평가λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ μ•”λ°°μ–‘ Chlorella vulgaris 의 μ•ˆμ „μ„± 평가

    No full text
    Aims: Chlorella is a unicellular green algae that is mainly used as a dietary supplement or food. There are several species in the Chlorella genus, including Chlorella vulgaris. The study aimed to evaluate the safety of C. vulgaris cultivated under heterotrophic conditions as a food supplement. Methods: The chlorella sample (C. vulgaris) used in this study was obtained from Daesang Corp. (Seoul, Korea). It was cultured under heterotrophic conditions with glucose as a carbon source. A single oral dose toxicity test was conducted to evaluate the acute toxicity of C. vulgaris in rodents and non-rodents. The subacute toxicity was examined by repeated oral dose toxicity test in rodents for 13 weeks. In a single oral dose toxicity test in Sprague-Dawley (SD) male (n=15) and female (n=15) rats, C. vulgaris was administered orally at 0, 5,000, and 10,000 mg/kg and then mortality rate, general symptoms, changes in body weight, and autopsy observation were observed for 2 weeks after treatment. For the single oral dose toxicity test in male (n=6) and female (n=6) beagle dogs, C. vulgaris was administered orally at 0, 2,000, and 5,000 mg/kg. In the repeated oral doses toxicity test, SD male (n=40) and female (n=40) rats were treated with C. vulgaris at doses of 0, 300, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg/day; moreover, mortality, general symptoms, body weight, food and water intake, and organ weight were measured. Eye test, urinalysis, hematological test, blood coagulation time test, blood biochemical test, autopsy observation, and histopathological test were conducted. Results: In a single oral dose toxicity test in SD rats, there were no animal deaths in all test groups. Although Polyuria was observed in all test groups and chlorella-colored feces was observed in the groups treated with 5,000 and 10,000 mg/kg of test substance. There were no significant changes in body weight and autopsy results. Thus, the minimum lethal dose (MLD) of C. vulgaris in rats was determined at more than 10,000 mg/kg. In beagle dogs, 5,000 mg/kg dose administration caused chlorella-colored feces and diarrhea. But there were no animal deaths and no abnormal observations in all test groups. Therefore, the MLD of C. vulgaris in dogs was more than 5,000 mg/kg. In the repeated oral doses toxicity test, there were no animal deaths and no significant changes caused by C. vulgaris. Therefore, the no observed adverse effect level of C. vulgaris in rats was found to be more than 2,000 mg/kg/day, based on the highest dose. Conclusion: The safety tests results showed that C. vulgaris led to no animal deaths and no significant toxic effects in our tested conditions. Therefore, C. vulgaris might be considered safe as a food and dietary supplement under the present dosage conditions. In addition, to estimate the acceptable daily intake, further studies are needed to subacute toxicity test for excess amount of chlorella and chronic toxicity test. λͺ©μ : ν΄λ‘œλ λΌλŠ” 2~10 ΞΌm 크기의 단세포 λ…Ήμ‘°λ₯˜λ‘œ Chlorella vulgaris λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ 쒅이 μΌλ°˜μ‹ν’ˆμ΄λ‚˜ μ‹μ΄λ³΄μΆ©μ œλ‘œ μ„­μ·¨λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. ν΄λ‘œλ λΌλŠ” 녹색을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” μ—½λ‘μ†ŒλΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ, 비타민 λ“± μ˜μ–‘μ„±λΆ„μ„ 고루 ν•¨μœ ν•˜κ³  있으며, 면역증진, μ½œλ ˆμŠ€ν…Œλ‘€ κ°œμ„ , 피뢀건강 및 ν•­μ‚°ν™” κΈ°λŠ₯ λ“± λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 건강기λŠ₯성을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” μ‹ν’ˆμ›λ£Œμ΄λ‹€. ν΄λ‘œλ λΌλŠ” κ΄‘λ°°μ–‘κ³Ό 암배양이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ©° λ°°μ–‘λ°©λ²•μ΄λ‚˜ 쒅에 λ”°λΌμ„œ μ˜μ–‘μ„±λΆ„μ˜ λ³€ν™”κ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  수 μžˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ•”λ°°μ–‘μœΌλ‘œ λ°°μ–‘λœ C. vulgaris κ°€ μ‹ν’ˆμœΌλ‘œμ„œ μ•ˆμ „ν•œμ§€ ν‰κ°€ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. 방법: λ³Έ 연ꡬ에 μ‚¬μš©λœ ν΄λ‘œλ λΌλŠ” λŒ€μƒγˆœμ—μ„œ 곡급받은 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ, 포도당을 νƒ„μ†Œμ›μœΌλ‘œ κ³΅κΈ‰ν•œ μ•”λ°°μ–‘ μ‘°κ±΄μ—μ„œ λ°°μ–‘λœ C. vulgaris 건쑰뢄말이닀. C. vulgaris 에 λŒ€ν•œ κΈ‰μ„± λ…μ„±μ—°κ΅¬λ‘œ μ„€μΉ˜λ₯˜ 및 λΉ„μ„€μΉ˜λ₯˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ‹¨νšŒ κ²½κ΅¬νˆ¬μ—¬ 독성평가λ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , μ•„κΈ‰μ„± λ…μ„±μ—°κ΅¬λ‘œ μ„€μΉ˜λ₯˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 반볡 κ²½κ΅¬νˆ¬μ—¬ 독성평가λ₯Ό μ‹€μ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. Sprague-Dawley (SD) 랫트λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ μ„€μΉ˜λ₯˜ λ‹¨νšŒ κ²½κ΅¬νˆ¬μ—¬ λ…μ„±ν‰κ°€λŠ” 각 κ΅°λ³„λ‘œ μ•”μˆ˜ 각 5 λ§ˆλ¦¬μ— λŒ€ν•΄ C. vulgaris 뢄말을 0, 5,000 그리고 10,000 mg/kg μ”© νˆ¬μ—¬ν•˜κ³  사망λ₯ , μΌλ°˜μ¦μƒ, 체쀑변화 및 λΆ€κ²€μ†Œκ²¬μ„ κ΄€μ°°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λΉ„κΈ€ 견을 μ΄μš©ν•œ λΉ„μ„€μΉ˜λ₯˜ λ‹¨νšŒ κ²½κ΅¬νˆ¬μ—¬ λ…μ„±ν‰κ°€μ—μ„œλŠ” C. vulgaris 뢄말을 κ΅°λ³„λ‘œ μ•”μˆ˜ 각 2 λ§ˆλ¦¬μ— 0, 2,000 및 5,000 mg/kg μš©λŸ‰μœΌλ‘œ νˆ¬μ—¬ν•˜κ³  사망λ₯ , μΌλ°˜μ¦μƒ, 체쀑변화와 λΆ€κ²€μ†Œκ²¬μ„ κ΄€μ°°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 반볡 κ²½κ΅¬νˆ¬μ—¬ λ…μ„±ν‰κ°€μ—μ„œλŠ” SD λž«νŠΈμ— 13 μ£Όλ™μ•ˆ C. vulgaris λ₯Ό 0, 300, 1,000 및 2,000 mg/kg/day λ†λ„λ‘œ νˆ¬μ—¬ν•œ λ’€, 사망λ₯ , μΌλ°˜μ¦μƒ, 체쀑변화, μ‚¬λ£Œ 및 λ¬Ό μ„­μ·¨λŸ‰, μ•ˆκ²€μ‚¬, μš”κ²€μ‚¬, ν˜ˆμ•‘ν•™ 및 핼앑생화학 검사, μž₯κΈ°μ€‘λŸ‰, λΆ€κ²€ 및 쑰직병리학적 μ†Œκ²¬μ„ κ΄€μ°°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ²°κ³Ό: SD 랫트λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ λ‹¨νšŒ κ²½κ΅¬νˆ¬μ—¬ 독성평가 κ²°κ³Ό, λ‹¨νšŒμ— κ³ΌλŸ‰μ˜ μ‹œν—˜λ¬Όμ§ˆμ΄ νˆ¬μ—¬λ˜μ–΄ 닀뇨와 클둜렐라 색 변이 κ΄€μ°°λ˜κΈ°λŠ” ν•˜μ˜€μ§€λ§Œ C. vulgaris 의 독성에 μ˜ν•œ 것은 μ•„λ‹Œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ νŒλ‹¨λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, λͺ¨λ“  ν‰κ°€κ΅°μ—μ„œ μ‹œν—˜λ™λ¬Όμ˜ 사망도 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 체쀑변화 및 뢀검에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œλ„ μ‹¬κ°ν•œ λ³€ν™”λŠ” λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. λž«νŠΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ C. vulgaris 의 μ΅œμ†Œ μΉ˜μ‚¬λŸ‰ (minimum lethal dose, MLD)은 10,000 mg/kg μ΄μƒμœΌλ‘œ νŒλ‹¨λœλ‹€. λΉ„κΈ€ 견을 μ΄μš©ν•œ λ‹¨νšŒ κ²½κ΅¬νˆ¬μ—¬ 독성평가 κ²°κ³Ό, λ‹¨νšŒμ— λ‹€λŸ‰μ˜ 클둜렐라λ₯Ό νˆ¬μ—¬ν•¨μœΌλ‘œ 인해 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œ ν΄λ‘œλ λΌμƒ‰ λ³€κ³Ό λ―Όκ°ν•œ ν•œ 개체의 λΉ„κΈ€ κ²¬μ—μ„œ κ΄€μ°°λœ 섀사가 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κΈ°λŠ” ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ λͺ¨λ“  ν‰κ°€κ΅°μ—μ„œ μΌλ°˜μ¦μƒ, 체쀑변화 및 뢀검에 μžˆμ–΄ 비정상적인 증상은 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©°, μ‹œν—˜λ™λ¬Όμ˜ 사망도 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. 이번 연ꡬ μ‘°κ±΄μ—μ„œ λΉ„κΈ€ 견에 λŒ€ν•œ C. vulgaris 의 μ΅œμ†Œ μΉ˜μ‚¬λŸ‰ (MLD)은 5,000 mg/kg 이상이닀. 반볡 κ²½κ΅¬νˆ¬μ—¬ 독성평가 κ²°κ³Ό, C. vulgaris 에 μ˜ν•œ μ‚¬λ§μ΄λ‚˜ κ΄€μ°°ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  μ§€ν‘œμ— μžˆμ–΄ 유의적인 λ³€ν™”κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. 이 결과둜 λ³Ό λ•Œ λ¬΄λ…μ„±λŸ‰ (no observed adverse effect level , NOAEL)은 νˆ¬μ—¬λŸ‰ μ€‘μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ λ§Žμ€ 양인 2,000 mg/kg/day 둜 νŒλ‹¨λœλ‹€. κ²°λ‘ : λž«νŠΈμ™€ λΉ„κΈ€ 견을 μ΄μš©ν•œ λ‹¨νšŒ 및 반볡 κ²½κ΅¬νˆ¬μ—¬ λ…μ„±ν‰κ°€μ—μ„œ C. vulgaris νˆ¬μ—¬λ‘œ μΈν•œ μ‚¬λ§μ΄λ‚˜ 유의적인 독성 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λ³΄μ΄λŠ” μ΄μƒμ†Œκ²¬μ΄ μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ C. vulgaris λŠ” λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ‘°κ±΄μ˜ λ†λ„μ—μ„œλŠ” μ„­μ·¨ν•˜κΈ°μ— μ•ˆμ „ν•œ μ›λ£Œλ‘œ νŒλ‹¨λ˜λ‚˜, μΌμΌμ„­μ·¨ν—ˆμš©λŸ‰ (acceptable daily intake, ADI)을 μ‚°μΆœν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” λ³Έ 연ꡬ쑰건 보닀 λ§Žμ€ νˆ¬μ—¬λŸ‰μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ•„κΈ‰μ„± 독성평가 및 λ§Œμ„±λ…μ„± 연ꡬ가 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€.openλ°•

    Robust design optimization of 3-D wing considering operational uncertainty

    No full text
    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :기계항곡곡학뢀,2007.Maste

    흰μ₯ λ‡Œμ—μ„œ μΉΌμŠ˜κ²°ν•© λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ˜ μ‹ κ²½λ³΄ν˜Έμž‘μš©μ— λŒ€ν•œ 면역쑰직화학적 연ꡬ

    No full text
    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ˜ν•™κ³Ό 해뢀학전곡,1998.Maste

    Assessment of Long-term Strength Characteristics of Industrial Wastes (Ferrous slag, Waste concrete)

    No full text
    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : κ±΄μ„€ν™˜κ²½κ³΅ν•™λΆ€, 2012. 2. λ°•μ€€λ²”.λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ œμ² κ³΅μ •μ˜ 뢀산물인 μ œκ°•μŠ¬λž˜κ·Έμ™€ 고둜슬래그, 건섀폐기물인 폐콘크리트의 μž₯기적 κ°•λ„νŠΉμ„±μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ‹œλ£Œμ˜ 에이징은 연속식 νšŒλΆ„μ‹ 용좜 μ‹œν—˜(DIN 38414-S4)κ³Ό μ•Όμ™Έλ…ΈμΆœ μ‹œν—˜μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 연속식 νšŒλΆ„μ‹ μš©μΆœμ‹œν—˜μ—μ„œλŠ” 1:5의 κ³ μ•‘λΉ„λ‘œ 1일, 2일, 4일, 7일 14일 ꡐ반 μ‹œλ£Œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 강도 평가가 μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆκ³ , μžμ—°λ…ΈμΆœ μ‹œν—˜μ—μ„œλŠ” 30일, 90일, 150일 에이징 된 μ‹œλ£Œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 강도평가가 μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 에이징 된 μ‹œλ£Œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ Harvard miniature λ‹€μ§μ‹œν—˜μ„ 톡해 λ‹€μ§νŠΉμ„±μ„, μ§μ ‘μ „λ‹¨μ‹œν—˜(KS F 2343)을 톡해 μ „λ‹¨νŠΉμ„±μ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. 연속식 νšŒλΆ„μ‹ μš©μΆœμ‹œν—˜μœΌλ‘œ aging 된 μ‹œλ£Œλ“€μ˜ λ‹€μ§μ‹œν—˜ κ²°κ³Ό λͺ¨λ“  μ‹œλ£Œμ—μ„œ κ΅λ°˜μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ¦κ°€ν• μˆ˜λ‘ μ΅œλŒ€κ±΄μ‘°λ‹¨μœ„μ€‘λŸ‰μ΄ μ•½κ°„ κ°μ†Œν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯을 λ³΄μ˜€μœΌλ‚˜ 큰 μ°¨μ΄λŠ” μ—†κ³  μ΅œμ ν•¨μˆ˜λΉ„λŠ” μ•½κ°„ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯을 λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. 즉, 14일 κ΅λ°˜κΉŒμ§€λŠ” Ca2+이온의 μš©μΆœμ— λ”°λ₯Έ λ‹€μ§νŠΉμ„±μ—λŠ” 큰 λ³€ν™”κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ΅λ°˜μ•‘μ˜ pHκ°€ 계속 비ꡐ적 κ°•ν•œ μ•ŒμΉ΄λ¦¬μ„±μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ΅λ°˜μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 더 μ¦κ°€ν•˜λ©΄ Ca2+ μ„±λΆ„μ˜ 용좜이 계속 될 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ νŒλ‹¨λ˜λ©°, λ”°λΌμ„œ 닀짐 νŠΉμ„±μ—λ„ λ³€ν™”κ°€ μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°λœλ‹€. 연속식 νšŒλΆ„μ‹ μš©μΆœμ‹œν—˜μœΌλ‘œ aging 된 μ‹œλ£Œλ“€μ€ κ΅λ°˜μ‹œκ°„μ— 따라 λ‚΄λΆ€λ§ˆμ°°κ°κ³Ό 전단응λ ₯에 큰 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ 점착λ ₯은 κ΅λ°˜μ‹œκ°„μ— 따라 κ°μ†Œν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒˆλ‹€. μ•Όμ™Έλ…ΈμΆœμ— μ˜ν•΄ aging 된 μ‹œλ£Œλ“€μ˜ μ΅œλŒ€κ±΄μ‘°λ‹¨μœ„μ€‘λŸ‰μ€ μ‹œκ°„μ˜ 경과에 따라 μ•½κ°„ κ°μ†Œν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ‚˜ 큰 μ°¨μ΄λŠ” 보이지 μ•Šμ•˜κ³  μ΅œμ ν•¨μˆ˜λΉ„μ˜ 경우 μ œκ°•μŠ¬λž˜κ·ΈλŠ” 5.49%, κ³ λ‘œμŠ¬λž˜κ·ΈλŠ” 7.7%, νμ½˜ν¬λ¦¬νŠΈλŠ” 5.7%κ°€ μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ•Όμ™Έλ…ΈμΆœμ— μ˜ν•΄ aging 된 μ‹œλ£Œλ“€μ— λ‚΄λΆ€λ§ˆμ°°κ°κ³Ό 전단응λ ₯은 λ…ΈμΆœ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 길어짐에 따라 λ‹€μ†Œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯을 λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. μ œκ°•μŠ¬λž˜κ·Έμ˜ λ‚΄λΆ€λ§ˆμ°°κ°μ€ 32.87Β°, 고둜슬래그의 λ‚΄λΆ€λ§ˆμ°°κ°μ€ 12.7Β°, 폐콘크리트의 λ‚΄λΆ€λ§ˆμ°°κ°μ€ 24.51Β°κ°€ μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , 전단응λ ₯은80kPa의 μˆ˜μ§μ‘λ ₯ ν•˜μ—μ„œ μ œκ°•μŠ¬λž˜κ·ΈλŠ” μ•½ 2λ°°, κ³ λ‘œμŠ¬λž˜κ·ΈλŠ” μ•½ 1.5λ°°, νμ½˜ν¬λ¦¬νŠΈλŠ” μ•½ 1.9λ°°κ°€ μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.Ferrous slag (steel slag and blast furnace slag) is a by-product of steel making process while waste concrete is generated from construction activities. Large part of ferrous slag and waste concrete are recycled as geo-technical materials such as road base, fill and embankment aggregate. However leaching of Ca2+ from ferrous slag and waste concrete in the water-contact environment can cause a strength reduction of recycled materials. In this study, steel slag, blast furnace slag and waste concrete were aged by two methods; continuous batch leaching test (DIN 38414-S4) and outdoor exposure test. Continuous batch leaching test (Din 38414-S4) was conducted with 1:5 solid-water ratio and 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 days of mixture time for each sample. The periods of outdoor exposure test were 30days, 90days, and 150days. Harvard miniature compaction test, and direct shear test (KS F 2343) were conducted with aged materials to investigate the change of compaction and shear strength characteristics of steel slag, blast furnace slag and waste concrete. In continuous batch leaching test, no significant changes occurred on compaction properties though maximum dry unit weight decreased slightly while optimum moisture content slightly increased with time. Ca2+ leaching also does not have a major effect on internal friction angles while cohesion of steel slag decreased from 30kPa to 50kPa, from 23kPa to 6kPa at blast furnace slag and from 14kPa to 3kPa at waste concrete. In outdoor exposure test, maximum dry unit weight was decreased slightly while optimum moisture content of all materials increased with aging period; from 11.15% to 16.64% of steel slag, from 13.8% to 21.5% of blast furnace slag, from 13.1% to 18.8% of waste concrete. Internal friction angle increased with aging period from 31.26Β° to 64.13Β° at steel slag, form 55.93Β° to 68.63Β° at blast furnace slag and from 37.28Β° to 61.79Β° at waste concrete. Shear stress of all materials also increased with aging period. Shear strength of aged materials at 80kPa of normal stress increased about twice at steel slag and waste concrete while one and a half times at blast furnace slag.Maste

    Business Diversification and Capital Structure : Implication from Panel Data

    No full text
    • …
    corecore