26 research outputs found
λ‘μ§μ€ν± νκ· λΆμ κΈ°λ° μμλ νμκ΄μ μν΄ λ°μνλ μ§λ°ν¨λͺ° μνλ μμΈ‘ λͺ¨λΈ
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : 곡과λν 건μ€ν경곡νλΆ, 2018. 2. μ μΆ©κΈ°.The occurrence of anthropogenic sinkholes in urban area can cause serious social losses. A damaged and aged sewer pipes beneath the road contribute to occur such a phenomenon. This study used the best subsets regression method to develop a logistic regression model that calculate the susceptibility for sinkholes induced by damaged sewer pipes. The model was developed by analyzing both the sewer pipe network and cases of sinkholes in Seoul. Among numerous sewer pipe characteristics were analyzed as explanatory variables, the length, age, elevation, burial depth, size, slope, and materials of the sewer pipe were found to influence the occurrence of sinkhole. The proposed model reasonably estimated the sinkhole susceptibility in the area studied, with an area value under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.753. The proposed methodology will serve as a useful tool that can help local governments choose a cavity inspection regime and prevent sinkholes induced by damaged sewer pipes.Chapter.1 Introduction 1
1.1 General 1
1.2 Background 2
1.3 Aim of This Study 4
1.4 Outline 4
Chapter 2 Study area and materials 5
2.1 Study Area 5
2.2 Data Source 7
Chapter 3 Statistical analysis 9
3.1 Logistic Regression 9
3.2 Variables in Model 12
Chapter 4 Results and Discussion 18
4.1 Model Development 18
4.2 Interpretation of Estimated Coefficients 24
4.3 Model Validation 30
4.4 Model Application 33
Chapter 5 Conclusions 35
List of Referrences 37Maste
Development of a self-management program using decision trees for patients with chronic heart failure.
κ°νΈνκ³Ό/λ°μ¬[νκΈ]
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ λ§μ± μ¬λΆμ νΌμμ μκΈ°κ΄λ¦¬ λ₯λ ₯ ν₯μμ λͺ©μ μΌλ‘ μμ¬κ²°μ νμ μ΄μ©ν μκΈ°κ΄λ¦¬ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ κ°λ°νμ¬ μμ μ μ©κ°λ₯μ±μ νκ°νκ³ μ μλλ λ°©λ²λ‘ μ μ°κ΅¬μ΄λ€. μ°κ΅¬μ§νμ λ¬Ένκ³Ό μ무기λ‘μ§ λΆμ λ° λμμλ€μ 건κ°λ¬Έμ μ μκΈ°κ΄λ¦¬ μνμ λν μ‘°μ¬κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό ν λλ‘ μκΈ°κ΄λ¦¬ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ΄ νμν 건κ°λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό κ²°μ ν ν Riegel λ±(2000)μ΄ μ μν μκΈ°κ΄λ¦¬ λ¨κ³λ₯Ό κΈ°λ³ΈμΌλ‘ νμ¬ μκΈ°κ΄λ¦¬ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ μΈλΆλ΄μ©μ ꡬμ±νκ³ μ΄λ₯Ό μμ¬κ²°μ νμ μ΄μ©νμ¬ μλΉ μκΈ°κ΄λ¦¬ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ μμ±νμλ€. μλΉλ‘ μμ±λ μκΈ°κ΄λ¦¬ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ λν΄μλ μ λ¬Έκ° μ§λ¨μ μ΄μ©ν λ΄μ© νλΉλ κ²μ¦μ κ±°μ³ μ΅μ’
νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ μμ±νμλ€. μμ±λ μκΈ°κ΄λ¦¬ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ΄ μμ μ μ©κ°λ₯μ±μ 2001λ
4μ 9μΌλΆν° 5μ 30μΌκΉμ§ μμΈ Yλν λΆμλ³μ μ¬νκ΄ λ³μμ λ§μ± μ¬λΆμ μΌλ‘ μ§λ¨λ°κ³ ν΄μμμ μ μλ νμ μ€ μ¦μμ΄ μμ΄ μ€μ λ‘ λ³Έ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ μ¬μ©ν 6λͺ
μ λμμΌλ‘ νμ¬ νκ°νμλ€.
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μ κ²°κ³Όλ λ€μκ³Ό κ°λ€.
1) λ§μ± μ¬λΆμ νμμ μκΈ°κ΄λ¦¬ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ΄ νμνλ€κ³ μ μ λ 건κ°λ¬Έμ λ μ΄λμ νΈν‘κ³€λ, κΈ°μ’νΈν‘, μΌκ° λ°μμ± νΈν‘κ³€λ, κ°μ΄ λΆνΈκ°(κ°μ΄ν΅μ¦), λΆμ’
, μνμ₯μ (μλ³΅λΆ λΆνΈκ°/μμλΆμ§/μ€μ¬), μ΄μ§λ¬μ λ± 7κ°μ§μ΄λ€.
2) 7κ°μ§ 건κ°λ¬Έμ μ λν μλΉ μκΈ°κ΄λ¦¬ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ μΈλΆλ΄μ©μ 건κ°λ¬Έμ μ νμΈ, κ΄λ ¨ μμΈμ νμΈκ³Ό κ° μμΈμ ν΄κ²°νκΈ° μν λμ² νμ μ μ, 건κ°λ¬Έμ μ λ³ν μ¬ νμΈ μμΌλ‘ μμ± νμλ€.
3) μ λ¬Έκ° μ§λ¨μ μ΄μ©ν νλΉλ κ²μ¦κ²°κ³Ό μΈλΆλ΄μ© ꡬμ±νμ 건κ°λ¬Έμ νμΈ =>μ¦κ°μ μΈ λμ²νμ μ μ=> 건κ°λ¬Έμ μ¬νμΈ=> κ΄λ ¨ μμΈμ νμΈ=> λμ²μ λ΅ μ μλ‘ μμ νμλ€.
4) μμ¬κ²°μ νμ μ΄μ©ν μκΈ°κ΄λ¦¬ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ κ° μ¬μ©λΉλλ₯Ό 보면 'νμλ³΄λ€ μμ§μ΄κ±°λ μΌμ νλ©΄ μ¨μ΄ λ μ°¨μ'μ 'νμλ³΄λ€ λ μ΄μ§λ¬μμ'κ° κ°μ₯ λμ λΉλλ₯Ό 보μκ³ , κ·Έ λ€μμ 'κ±°μ΄μ΄ λ΅λ΅νκ³ μνμ' μλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ 'νμλ³΄λ€ λμμ μ¨μ¬λ κ²μ΄ λ νλ€μ΄μ'μ 'μλ€κ° κ°μκΈ° μ¨μ΄ μ°¨μ κΉΌμ΄μ'λ μ¦μμ κ²½νν μ¬λ‘κ° μμ΄ λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμλ μ μ©λμ§ λͺ»νμλ€.
5) μκΈ°κ΄λ¦¬ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ μ₯μ μ λ΄μ©κ³Ό νλ¦μ μ΄ν΄νλ κ²μ΄ μ©μ΄νμ¬ κ±΄κ°λ¬Έμ μ λν νμΈκ³Ό λμ²νμμ λν΄ μκ² λμλ€. λν μ¦μλ°νμ μ§μΉ¨μλλ‘ νμ λ μ¦μμ΄ νκ²° λμμ‘λ€κ³ νμμΌλ©° μμ μ 건κ°μ μ€μ€λ‘ κ΄λ¦¬ν μ μλ€κ³ νμλ€. κ°μ μ μΌλ‘λ κ°
λ°λ μμ¬κ²°μ ν μ€μ μνμ₯μ μ κ΄λ ¨λ 'νμλ³΄λ€ μ
λ§μ΄ μκ±°λ λλΆλ£©νλ©° λ©μ€κΊΌμμ'λ 3κ°μ§ μ¦μμ΄ ν¨κ» ν¬ν¨λμ΄ κ·Έ μ€ ν κ°μ§ μ¦μμλ§ ν΄λΉλ κ²½μ° λμ²μ λ΅μ μ ννλλ° μ΄λ €μμ΄ μλ€κ³ νμλ€.
6) νλ‘κ·Έλ¨ μ μ© μ .ν μκΈ°ν¨λμ λ³νμ°¨μ΄λ₯Ό 보면 ν κ° νλͺ©μ μ μΈν λͺ¨λ νλͺ©μμ μ μκ° μ¦κ°νμμΌλ©° κ·Έ μ°¨μ΄λ 0.33μμ 1.50κΉμ§ μ΄λ₯΄λ λ€.
κ²°λ‘ μ μΌλ‘ λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμ κ°λ°λ μμ¬κ²°μ νμ μ΄μ©ν μκΈ°κ΄λ¦¬ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ λμμλ‘ νμ¬κΈ μμ μ 건κ°λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό μΈμνμ¬ μ μ ν λμ²νμλ₯Ό ν μ μλλ‘ νλ€λ μ κ³Ό μ€μ€λ‘ 건κ°κ΄λ¦¬λ₯Ό ν μ μλ€λ μμ κ°μ μ€λ€λ μ μμ λμμμ μκΈ°κ΄λ¦¬ λ₯λ ₯μ ν₯μμ μν μ€μ¬νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μΌλ‘ νμ©λ μ μλ€κ³ μ¬λ£λλ€.
[μλ¬Έ]
The purpose of this study was to develop a self-management for patients with chronic heart failure(CHF) using health problem-based decision trees, and to evaluate the clinical applicability of the program. The find phase of this study was to determine the health problems with CHF including their self-management strategies. This was done through a review and a survey of patients to identify their health problems and self-care strategies. The second phase was to draw up a preliminary self-management program using decision trees based on the self-management stages developed by Riegel at al.(2000). An expert team of three cardiologists, four professors in College of Nursing and one nurse with expertise in cardiology examined the preliminary self-management program for validity, and then a clinical applicability test was done with six patients at the Cardiovascular Hospital of yonsei Medical Center in seoul between April 9 and May 30, 2001
The results of this study are summarized as follows :
1. The self-management program for patients with CHF included the following seven health problems; dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea(PND), chest discomfort(chest pain), edema, indigesion(epigastric discomfort, anorexia, and nausea), and dizziness.
2. The contents of the preliminary self-management program for these seven health problems were set up in the following order: identification of the health problem, confirmation of factors related to the problem, and suggestions for coping strategies.
3. As a result of the expert validity test, the framework for the preliminary self-management program was modified to the following order; identification of the health problem, presentation of immediate coping behaviors, reconfirmation of
problem, confirmation of related factors, and suggestions for coping strategies.
4. As a result of the clinical applicability test using the self-management program, the most frequently using self-management program was found to be the program related to dyspnea on exertion, and dizziness. On the order hand, the program related to orthopnea and PND were not used during clinical applicability test period.
5. The merits of this program were found to be ease of understanding the content and flow of the program, the ability to use the program for symptom relief when health problems arose, and improvement in self-confidence to manage health care
after using the program.
6. Finally, it was shown that patient self-efficacy increased after using the program. The extent of variation in self-efficacy ranged from 0.33 to 1.50.
In conclusion, this study suggests that a self-management program using decision trees is an effective intervention method for patients with CHF. By utilizing the program, the self-efficacy of patients with CHF will improve.ope
Development of a critical pathway for patients with coronary artery bypass graft
κ°νΈνκ³Ό/μμ¬[νκΈ]
μ¬λ‘κ΄λ¦¬(Case Management)λ μλ£λΉ μμΉλ¬Έμ μ μλ£μμμ ν λ° λΉν¨μ¨μ μΈ νμ©λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό ν΄κ²°νκ³ νμ¬μ λ¨νΈμ μΈ νμκ΄λ¦¬λ₯Ό λ°©μ§νκ³ μ§μμ μ΄κ³ μΌκ΄μ±μλ κ΄λ¦¬λ₯Ό ν΅ν μ§ ν₯μκ³Ό λΉμ©ν¨κ³Όμ±μ λνκΈ° μν 건κ°κ΄λ¦¬μ λ¬μ²΄κ³μ΄λ€. λ°λΌμ λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μ λͺ©μ μ μλ£λΉ μμΉμμΈμ νλλ‘ λλλλ ννμ± μ¬μ§νμΌλ‘ κ΄μλλ§₯ μ°νμ μ λ°λ νμλ₯Ό λμμΌλ‘ νμ¬ μ¬λ‘κ΄λ¦¬λ₯Ό νμ€ννκΈ° μν Critical Pathwayλ₯Ό κ°λ°νλ κ²μ΄λ€.
μ°κ΅¬λ°©λ²μΌλ‘ λ¬Ένκ³Ό νμ¬ λ―Έκ΅μμ μ¬μ©μ€μΈ 6κ°μ Critical Pathwayκ³ μ°°μ ν΅ν΄ κ°λ
μ μ€κ±°νμ νμ±νμκ³ , μλΉ Critical Pathwayλ₯Ό μμ±νκΈ° μν΄ νμλ€μκ² μνλ μ λ°μ μΈ μλΉμ€ λ΄μ©μ νμ
νκ³ μ 1995λ
1μλΆν° 1996λ
6μκΉμ§ μμΈμ μμΉν Yλν λΆμλ³μμ μ¬νκ΄ μΌνμμ ννμ± μ¬μ§νμΌλ‘ μ§λ¨λ°κ³ κ΄μλλ§₯ μ°νμ μ λ°μ ν ν΄μν νμλ€μ μ무기λ‘μ§ 30κ°λ₯Ό λΆμνμλ€. κ°λ
μ μ€κ±°νκ³Ό μ무기λ‘μ§ λΆμμ ν΅ν΄ κ°λ°λ μλΉ Critical Pathwayμ λν μ λ¬Έκ° μ§λ¨μ νλΉλ κ²μ¦μ μ€μνμμΌλ©° μ€λ¬΄
μ μ©κ°λ₯μ±μ νμΈνκ³ μ 11μ 11μΌλΆν° 23μΌκΉμ§ ννμ± μ¬μ§νμ μ§λ¨λ°κ³ κ΄μλλ§₯ μ°νμ μ λ°μ νμ μ μλ₯Ό λμμΌλ‘ μμ νλΉλλ₯Ό κ²μ¦ν ν μ΅μ’
Critical Pathwayλ₯Ό νμ νμλ€.
ꡬ체μ μΈ μ°κ΅¬κ²°κ³Όλ λ€μκ³Ό κ°λ€.
1. Critical Pathwayμ μ’
μΆμ κ²μ¬, μμ΄, μ½λ¬Ό, μλ’°, νλ, μ¬μ , μ²μΉ, κ΅μ‘/ν΄μκ³ν λ± 8κ°μ§ νλͺ©μΌλ‘, ν‘μΆμ μ
μμμ ν΄μκΉμ§λ‘ κ²°μ νμλ€.
2. μλΉ Critical Pathwayμμ±μ μν μ무기λ‘μ§ 30κ°λ₯Ό λΆμκ²°κ³Ό νκ· μ¬μκΈ°κ°μ 20.2μΌμ΄μκ³ μ
μμΌλΆν° μμ μΌκΉμ§ νκ· μ¬μκΈ°κ°μ 6.2μΌ, μμ μΌλΆν° ν΄μκΉμ§μ νκ· μ¬μκΈ°κ°μ 13.9μΌμ΄μμΌλ©° λμμ μ 체λ κ΄μλλ§₯ νμ μ§νμΌλ‘ μ§λ¨λ°μλ€. μλΉμ€ λ΄μ©μ λΆμνμ¬ μλΉ Critical Pathwayμ ν‘μΆμ μ
μμμ μμ ν 14μΌμ§ΈκΉμ§λ‘ κ²°μ νμκ³ , μ’
μΆμλ ν‘μΆμ μκ°νμ λ°λΌ μΌμ΄λμΌ ν λ΄μ©λ€μ 8κ°μ§ νλͺ©μΌλ‘ λλμ΄ μμ±νμλ€.
3. μ λ¬Έκ° μ§λ¨μ νλΉλλ₯Ό λ³Έ κ²°κ³Ό μ΄ 571λ¬Έν μ€μμ 83%μ΄μμ ν©μλ₯Ό λ³Έ λ¬Ένμ 482κ°μκ³ , 83%μ μ΄νμ ν©μλ₯Ό λ³Έ λ¬Ένμ 89κ°λ‘μ Critical Pathwayμμ μμ Β·μμ λμλ€. μμ νλΉλ κ²μ¦μ μν μλΉλͺ¨μμμ ν‘μΆμ μ
μμμ μμ ν 9μΌμ§ΈκΉμ§λ‘ κ²°μ νμλ€.
4. μμ νλΉλ κ²μ¦μ 1996λ
11μ 11μΌλΆν° 23μΌκΉμ§ κ΄μλλ§₯ μ°νμ μ μ€μν νμ μ΄ 7λͺ
μ λμμΌλ‘ μ€μνμμΌλ 3λͺ
μ νλ½λμ΄ μ€μ μ°κ΅¬λμμ 4λͺ
μΌλ‘ μ΄μ€ 1λͺ
λ§μ΄ μμ λ³΄λ€ 1μΌ λ¦μ μμ 10μΌμ§Έμ ν΄μνμκ³ λ€λ₯Έ 3λͺ
μ νμλ€μ μμ λ³΄λ€ 3μΌμμ 9
μΌ λ¦κ² ν΄μνμλ€. 4κ°μ μ¬λ‘μμ μμ μΌκ³Ό μμ 1μΌμ§ΈκΉμ§λ μμ λλ‘ μ§νλ¨μ λ³Ό μ μμμΌλ μμ 2μΌμ§Έμ΄νλΆν° μμ 9μΌμ§ΈκΉμ§μλ μ£Όλ‘ κ²μ¬μ μ¬μ , μ²μΉ λ±μ νλͺ©μμ μ΄νλκ³ μμμ λ³Ό μ μμλ€.
5. μμ ννλ κ²μ¦ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό κ·Όκ±°λ‘ μ€νμμ€μμ νΉλ³κ΄μ°°μ€λ‘μ μ΄λμ μμ 2μΌμ§Έμ, μΌλ° λ³μ€λ‘μ μ΄λμ μμ 5μΌμ§Έμ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§λ κ²μΌλ‘ μμ νμκ³ , μμ 5μΌμ§ΈλΆν° ν΄μμκΉμ§ μλ©΄λΆμ‘±μ νΈμν κ²½μ° μλ©΄μ λ₯Ό ν¬μ¬νλλ₯΅ μμ νμμΌλ©°, νΌλΆκ΄μ°°μ μμ μ§νλΆν° μμ 3μΌμ§ΈκΉμ§λ κ΄λ‘μ μΌλ‘ μ€μνλ μμ 4μΌμ§ΈλΆν°λ νΌλΆμμ μ¦μμ΄ μμ κ²½μ°μ μ€μνλ κ²μΌλ‘ μμ νμλ€. νν΅μ¬μ μ μμ 3μΌμ§ΈλΆν° μ€μνλ κ²μΌλ‘ μμ νμμΌλ©° μμ 9μΌμ§Έ μ€μνλ κ²μΌλ‘ μμ λ 'κ³λ¨μ€λ₯΄κΈ°'λ₯Ό μμ νμ¬ μ΅μ’
Critical Pathwayλ₯Ό κ°λ°νμλ€.
[μλ¬Έ]
The purpose of this study was to develop a critical pathway for case management for patients who have received Coronary Artery Bypass Graft(CABG) because of Ischemic Heart Disease(IHD) which is a factor of rising medical expenses.
For this study, a conceptual framework was developed through a review of the literature including six critical pathways which are currently being used in USA. In order 13 identify the overall service contents required by these patients and to draw up a preliminary critical pathway, 30 cases of medical records of patients who had CABG because of IHD between January, 1995 to June, 1996 at the Cardiovascular Center of Yonsei Medical Center in Seoul were analyzed.
An expert validity test was done for the preliminary critical pathway and clinical validity test was also done using seven IHD patients with CABG between November 11 and 23, 1996. After these processes, the final critical pathway was developed.
The results of this study are summarized as follows:
1. The vertical axis of the critical pathway includes the following eight items: tests, nutrition, medications, consultations, activity, assessments, treatments, education/discharge planning and the horizontal axis includes the time from the start of hospitalization to discharge.
2. Analysis of the 30 medical records indicated that the average length of stay was 20.2 days with the average length of stay from hospitalization day to operation day being 6.2 days, and the average length of stay from operation day to discharge
day was 13.9 days. All the patients were diagnosed with Coronary Artery Obstruction Diseases. Analysis of the service contents showed that the horizontal avis of the preliminary critical pathway was set from hospitalization to the 14th post operation day and the vertical axis was set to include eight items, the contents which ought to have occured, according to the time frames of the horizontal axis.
3. As a result of the experts validity, it was found that among the total of 571 items, there was over 83% agreement for 482 items, less than 83% for 89 items, which were then deleted and a revision of the critical pathway was done. At the preliminary meeting far the clinical validity test, the horizontal axis was set as the time from hospitalization to the ninth post operation day.
4. A clinical validity test was done using seven IHD patients with CABG. During the process, three pateints were deleted because they were out of the criteria the investigator set. Finally, four patients were used. The result of study indicated
that only one patient was discharged on the tenth post operation day, which was one day later than the expected day. Three patients were discharged later than the expected day from three days to nine days. All the cases progressed on schedule until the operation day and the first post operation day, but from the second to ninth post operation days, there were differences between the critical pathway and the actual practice. The differences came from tests, assessments, and treatments.
5. On the basis of the results of the clinical validity test, the following revisions in the final critical pathway were made: the transfer from ICU to step down ward would be the second post operation day, and the transfer to a general ward, the fifth post operation day, for patients who complained of lack of sleep from the fifth post operation day to discharge, a sleeping pill would be prescribed, skin observations would be performed routinely from immediately after the operation until the third post operation day, and would continue if there was a sign of skin injury on the fourth post operation day, and assessment of chest pain would be done from the third post operation day, and the "stairs climbing" item, expected to be done on the ninth post operation day would be deleted.
In conclusion, this critical pathway is partialy applicable to the care of patients with CABG but there are some parts needed to be further investigated.restrictio
λ°λ³΅ νμ€μ΄ Full veneer crownμ μ μ§λ ₯μ λ―ΈμΉλ μν₯μ κ΄ν μ°κ΅¬
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μΉμνκ³Ό μΉκ³Όλ³΄μ² νμ 곡,2000.Maste
곡μ§κΈ° μμ μ΄μ©ν κ·Ήμ μνΌλμ€ μ ν¨ λ§€μ§ κ΅¬ν λ° νμ±ν μΆλ ₯ ν₯μ
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (λ°μ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : 곡과λν κΈ°κ³ν곡곡νλΆ, 2018. 8. κΉμ€μ.This work is mainly dedicated about the development of passive and non-destructive super enhancement of elastic wave emission, and revealing the reason of enhancement by setting up a new effective medium theory. Ultrasonic transducers have been designed and improved to enhance its wave emission performance, but yet manipulation on the medium where the transducers are attached has not been considered. However, conventional non-destructive manipulation on the medium leads to higher impedance, which is not desirable for the super enhancement. Inversely, digging out the material lowers the mechanical impedance but it is also not desirable in practice. Therefore, a method to lower the impedance without damaging the medium should be introduced.
In order to achieve the goal, we use a pair of resonators to be attached on the base medium. Since just the pair of resonators is not in a periodic arrangement, it requires a new tool to analyze the effective properties of the system. With this unique arrangement of resonators, the corresponding effective medium theory is newly established. Furthermore, since size of the paired resonator system is not in a subwavelength range, the existing methods for characterizing the effective medium cannot be applied directly.
With the newly derived analysis, the equivalent effective medium is found and the effective impedance of the medium surrounded by the resonators is found to be extremely lowered than that of nominal medium. As a usage of the lowered impedance, ultrasonic transducers are attached on the region where the impedance is lowered to enhance their wave emissions. However, the high contrast of impedance does not assure the high transmission of wave generated by the transducers. This work reveals the condition which the wave can be highly generated and fully transmitted through the outer medium. As examples of the theory, super enhancements of three modes in plate, S0, SH0 and A0, are shown.
To investigate the extreme low impedance and the super enhancement, we show a detailed theoretical analysis, Numerical simulations using finite element method and experimental results.CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Research motivation 1
1.2 Research Objectives 4
1.3 Outline of Thesis 7
CHAPTER 2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 11
2.1 Fundamentals of waves in a plate 11
2.1.1 Lamb wave 12
2.1.2 Timoshenko beam theory 13
2.1.3 Shear-horizontal wave 15
2.2 Ultrasonic transducers 16
2.2.1 Principle of piezoceramic transducer 16
2.2.2 Principle of magnetostrictive patch transducer 17
2.2.3 Pin-force modeling of ultrasonic transducers 20
2.3 Effective medium theory 21
CHAPTER 3. PROPOSITION OF EQUIVALENT SYSTEM THEORY OF RESONATOR PAIRING 31
3.1 Resonator-paired waveguide system 32
3.2 Equivalent medium of the paired resonator system 35
3.3 Effective properties of the equivalent system 45
3.4 Frequency selection process 50
3.5 Summary 50
CHAPTER 4. DESIGN OF THE RESONATOR PAIRING FOR LAMB WAVE AND SHEAR-HORIZONTAL WAVE EMISSION ENHANCEMENT 56
4.1 Realization of the resonator pair for S0 Lamb wave 57
4.2 Realization of the resonator pair for SH0 wave 61
4.3 Realization of resonators for axisymmetric S0 Lamb wave and SH0 wave 64
4.4 Summary 65
CHAPTER 5. RESONATOR PAIRING FOR ENHANCED SENSING 75
5.1 Resonator-paired waveguide system in receiving mode 75
5.2 Realization and experimental results for S0 and SH0 wave 78
5.3 Equivalent system of the paired resonator system in receiving mode 80
5.4 Summary 83
CHAPTER 6. ANALYSIS OF EMISSION IN BENDING WAVE SYSTEM 85
6.1 Analytic model 88
6.2 Experiments 99
6.3 Realization of a resonator for axisymmetric A0 Lamb wave 102
6.4 Summary 102
CHAPTER 7. CONCLUSIONS 114
Appendix A. Output enhancing of omnidirectional Lamb wave-MPT by slits in a patch 117
A.1 Introduction 117
A.2 Patch slitting effect on eddy current circuit 122
A.3 Effects of the numbers of slits on the transducer performance 131
A.4 Detailed eddy current circuit and strain states 136
A.5 Summary 137
REFERENCES 153
ABSTRACT (KOREAN) 165Docto
λμ¬λ΄ 곡기 μ€μΌλ¬Όμ§μ μ λν λ° μ²λ¦¬ λ°©λ²μ κ΄ν μ°κ΅¬
Thesis (doctoral)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :λμλͺ
곡νλΆ λλ¬Όμμ€νκ²½μ 곡,2004.Docto
Antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors and phylogenetic analysis of canine Escherichia coli causing cystitis and comparison with human uropathogenic
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : μμνκ³Ό, 2012. 2. μ νμ.Escherichia coli (E. coli) are the main pathogen causing urinary tract infection (UTI), both in humans and animals worldwide and usually phylogenetic group (PG) B2 and D are known to have more virulence factors (VFs) and less antimicrobial resistance (AR)-determinant genes than group A and B1 in human community, but the correlations between PGs, VFs, and AR of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains isolated from cystitis have not been conducted in small animal strains.
A total of 49 E. coli strains were isolated from canine cystitis patients. For all strains, PGs and VFs were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the AR was screened by disk diffusion tests. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were performed to compare canine UPEC and human ST131 strains.
PG B2 was the most prevalent group (25/49, 51.0%) and significantly associated with VFs of cnf (Extraintestinal pathogenicity), papA (fimbriae), focG (fimbriae), cvaC (colicin V), ibeA (brain endothelium gene), kpsMPIII (capsule synthesis gene) and PAI (pathogenicity associated island). PG D was associated with fyuA (yersiniabactin).
There was no significantly different distribution between PGs and AR, with the exception that PG B2 was associated with quinolones susceptibility. Interestingly, 40.8% of isolates showed resistance to trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole, and 63.3% and 55.1% showed resistance to quinolones, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin respectively. Human UPEC ST131 and canine UPEC strains were included in different PFGE groups.
PGs of canine E. coli strains causing cystitis were associated with several VFs and quinolones resistance. Human UPEC ST131 isolates displayed similar PFGE patterns and clustered separately from canine isolates.Maste
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Thesis (master`s)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μμνκ³Ό μμμ°κ³Όνμ 곡,2000.Maste