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    ๋ฐœ์ „๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ง€์†๊ณผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ •์น˜: ๋น„๊ต์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ง„ํ™”

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ •์น˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2017. 2. ๊ถŒํ˜•๊ธฐ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๊ณ , ์ตœ๊ทผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋น„๊ต์ •์น˜ํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์™”๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™”, ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์œ„๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ์ •์น˜๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์••๋ ฅ์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต์ •์น˜ํ•™์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์ง€์†๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์ ์ธ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์€ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ˆœ์‘์  ์ •์ฑ… ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ์™€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Œ€๋ณ„๋˜๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ฐœ์ „์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋„์  ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜(state-led capitalism)์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋น„๊ต์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์•ฝ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ์ดํ›„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋„ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์‹ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ •์น˜๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์ œ๋„์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋น„๊ต์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์•ฝ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ 1997๋…„ ์ด์ „์ด๋‚˜ ์ดํ›„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์‹œ์žฅ ์ˆœ์‘์  ์ „๋žต์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฐœ์ „์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์™œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ œ๋„์ฃผ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์€ 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ 1980๋…„๋Œ€๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ด์™”๋Š”์ง€์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋” ํฐ ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ก ์€ 1960๋…„๋Œ€-70๋…„๋Œ€์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ •์น˜๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ œ๋„์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  1997๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ •์น˜๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์‹ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์‡ ํ‡ด๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ตญ์ œ์ •์น˜๊ฒฝ์ œ ์งˆ์„œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋น„๊ต์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜๋ฏธ์‹ ์‹ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฐœ์ „์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์ง€์†๊ณผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ํŠน์ง•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ๋‘˜์งธ, ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์…‹์งธ, ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋„ ๋ฐœ์ „์ฃผ์˜ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ทจํ•ด์™”๋‹ค. 1970๋…„๋Œ€๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฐœ์ „์ฃผ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ง€๋„์ฃผ์˜(dirigisme)์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•ด์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ž…์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์ง์ ‘์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ†ต์ œ์˜ ์ •๋„๋„ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ์‹ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•ด์„œ ์œก์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ทจํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ 1997๋…„ ์ดํ›„ 2000๋…„๋Œ€์—๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œต ํ†ต์ œ๋‚˜ ๋ช…๋ น์  ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰๊ถŒ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์ง์ ‘์  ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฐ์—…์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋น„์ „์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์‚ฐ์—… ๊ณ ๋„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€ ์ง€์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฐœ์ „์ฃผ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ์ง€์†์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ „์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•ด์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—… ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์š”์†Œํˆฌ์ž…ํ˜• ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ „๋žต์—์„œ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์†Œ์žฌ๊ธฐ์—… ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์ฃผ๋„ํ˜• ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ „๋žต์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ „๋žต์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ˜‘์†Œํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋ฒŒ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—… ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ค‘์†Œ์ค‘๊ฒฌ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋” ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์งˆ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์š”์†Œํˆฌ์ž…ํ˜• ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—์„œ ํ˜์‹ ์ฃผ๋„ํ˜• ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „์ฃผ์˜ ์ „๋žต์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ํ˜‘์†Œํ•œ ๊ถŒ์œ„์ฃผ์˜์  ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ ๋” ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผ๋„์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐœ์ „์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜์กด์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์™ธ์ƒ์  ์••๋ ฅ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ œ๋„ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์–ด ์˜จ ๋‚ด์ƒ์  ๊ณผ์ •์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์ง„ํ™”์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™”๋‚˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์œ„๊ธฐ, ๊ตญ์ œ์ •์น˜๊ฒฝ์ œ ์งˆ์„œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์™ธ์ƒ์  ์š”์ธ๋“ค ์ž์ฒด์˜ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์••๋ ฅ๋“ค์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ œ๋„ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ œ๋„ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋กœ์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋„ ๋ฐœ์ „์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ž…์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐ์—…์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ์‹, ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ •๋‹นํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐฉ์  ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฃŒ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์˜€๋˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ์„ ํƒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ธ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ขŒ์ ˆ๋˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ˆ˜์ •๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ณผ์ •์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ2์žฅ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ† ์™€ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋Œ€์•ˆ 21 ์ œ3์žฅ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ๋…ํŠน์„ฑ 79 ์ œ4์žฅ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ „ํ˜• 106 ์ œ5์žฅ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์ง€์† 159 ์ œ6์žฅ ์ง„ํ™”์˜ ์ •์น˜ 209 ์ œ7์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  290 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 294 [์ฒจ๋ถ€ 1] ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ๋ชฉ๋ก 313 [์ฒจ๋ถ€ 2] ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ 319 Abstract 326Docto

    ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์žฅ์•  ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ์ •์ƒ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ด์œ ์‹ ์‹œ์ž‘์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ •์ƒ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ด์œ ์‹ ์‹œ์ž‘์‹œ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์žฅ์•  ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ด์œ ์‹ ์‹œ์ž‘์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ , ์ •์ƒ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์žฅ์•  ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ด์œ ์‹ ์‹œ์ž‘์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ค‘๋ถ€์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ‘์›๊ณผ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์žฅ์• ์ž์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณต์ง€๊ด€์—์„œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์žฅ์•  ์•„์ด์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ 133๋ช…๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ 3๊ฐœ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์œก์•„์ง€๋„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ •์ƒ ์•„์ด์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ 88๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1993๋…„ 4์›” 12์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 5์›”1์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์ด์œ ์‹ ์‹œ์ž‘์‹œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ํ‰๊ท  15.83์ฃผ, ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์žฅ์•  ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ํ‰๊ท  26.07์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์žฅ์•  ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ •์ƒ์•„์ด๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์ด์œ ์‹ ์‹œ์ž‘์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋‹ค(P<0.01). 2. ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์žฅ์•  ์•„์ด๋“ค์—์„œ ์ด์œ ์‹ ์‹œ์ž‘์‹œ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ด์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์šด๋™๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์žฅ์• ์ •๋„, ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ-์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์š”์ธ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ˆ˜์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3. ์ •์ƒ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—์„œ ์ด์œ ์‹ ์‹œ์ž‘์‹œ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ž„์‹ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ด ์›”์ˆ˜์ž…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 4. ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์žฅ์•  ์•„์ด์˜ ์ด์œ ์‹ ์‹œ์ž‘์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์š”์ธ์„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์  ์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์•„์ด์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์šด๋™๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์žฅ์• ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ด์œ ์‹ ์‹œ์ž‘์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ์š”์ธ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ์€ 76.0%์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 5. ์ •์ƒ ์•„์ด์˜ ์ด์œ ์‹ ์‹œ์ž‘์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์š”์ธ์„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์  ์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ž„์‹ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์ด์œ ์‹ ์‹œ์ž‘์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ์š”์ธ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ์€ 13.4%๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. 6. ์ด์œ ์‹ ์‹œ์ž‘์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์žฅ์•  ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ์ •์ƒ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ •์ƒ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ด์œ ์‹ ์‹œ์ž‘์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์€ ์ž„์‹  ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์žฅ์•  ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ด์œ ์‹ ์‹œ์ž‘์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์€ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์šด๋™๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์žฅ์• ์ •๋„์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์žฅ์• ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ด์œ ์‹ ์‹œ์ž‘์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋” ์ผ์ฐŒ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์žฅ์•  ์•„์ด์˜ ์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž ๊ต์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์šด๋™๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ์žฅ์• ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”์‹œํ‚จ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋˜ ์š”์ธ์ธ ์ด์œ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์ •๋„, ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ด์œ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ ฅ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์žฅ์•  ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ๋ช… ๋“ฑ์˜ ์š”์ธ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค [์˜๋ฌธ] The objectives of this study were to determine the time at which weaning is initiated(weaning time) in children with developmental disability as compared with normal children, and to identify the affecting factors in these two groups. The subjects were 221 mothers, 113 of who? had children who were receiving treatment for developmental disability at two rehabilitation facilities and 3 university hospitals and 88 who were visiting well baby clinics only at the 3 university hospitals. All the facilities involved were located in central Korea. Through a questionnaire survey carried out from April 12, 1993 to May 1,1993, 221 valid questionnaires were obtained. Information on the weaning time, general characteristics for mothers and children and weaning-related factors, was gathered. Analysis of the data was done by use of t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as followss: 1. Children with developmental disability showed a significant delay in weaning time compared to normal children. The mean weaning time for the normal children was 15.83 weeks, while that of the children with developmental disability was 26.07 weeks(P<0.01). 2. Weaning time related factors of the children with developmental disability were: oral mDtor function, severity of disability, maternal psychosocial factors, and the number of family members. 3. Weaning time related factors of the normal children were the length of pregnancy and total monthly household income 4. For children with developmental disability, the most predictive variables for weaning time were oral motor function and severity of disability which accounted for 76.O% of the variance. 5. For normal children, the most predictive variable for weaning titre was the length of pregnancy which accounted for 13.4% of the variance. 6. Thus the factors affecting weaning time were the completely different in the two groups. The results obtained from this study suggest the need for more appropriate timing of weaning for children with developmental disability. This goal can be better achieved through maternal education combined with early treatment of their children. Further research is necessary to identify the factors affecting weaning tyro and factors not considered in the present study such as the particular diagnosis of children with developmental disability, identification of the level of maternal knowledge of weaning, and the history of the mothersope

    Effect of foot reflexology on fatigue in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ž…์›ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ญ์•”ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์•”ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ๋งˆ์‚ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•”ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํ”ผ๋กœ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฐœ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ๋งˆ์‚ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‹ค๋ฌด์— ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์‹œ๋„๋œ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด ์‹คํ—˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„์— ์†Œ์žฌํ•œ A๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ถ€์†๋ณ‘์›์— ์ž…์›ํ•˜์—ฌ 2์ฐจ ์ดํ›„์˜ ํ•ญ์•”ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์œ„์•”ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋™์˜ํ•œ 20๋ช…์ด๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ 2003๋…„ 4์›” 8์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 6์›” 7์ผ๊นŒ์ง€์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ค‘์žฌ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ๋งˆ์‚ฌ์ง€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ํ›„ ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฐ ๋ฐœ์— 15๋ถ„์”ฉ ์ด 30๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ๋งˆ์‚ฌ์ง€์˜ ํ”ผ๋กœ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” Piper et al.(1998)์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด์€ํ˜„(1999)์ด ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•œ 19๋ฌธํ•ญ์˜ 11์  ์ฒ™๋„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ RPFS(Revised Piper Fatigue Scale)์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ 11๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ Cronbach alph= .80์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ž…์› 4์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ์˜ค์ „ 9์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 12์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๋ณ‘์‹ค์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ 3์ผ์€ ํ”ผ๋กœ๋„ ์‚ฌ์ „ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ›„ ๋ฐœ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ๋งˆ์‚ฌ์ง€๋ฅผ 30๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ค‘์žฌ 10๋ถ„ ํ›„์— ํ”ผ๋กœ๋„ ์‚ฌํ›„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž…์› 4์ผ์—๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ๋งˆ์‚ฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํ”ผ๋กœ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ๋งˆ์‚ฌ์ง€์˜ ์ง€์†ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” SPSS 11.0 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋Š” Cronbach alpa๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์„œ์ˆ  ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ฐ Wilcoxon signed rank test, Friedman test๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1) ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ํ•ญ์•”ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์ „์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ํ”ผ๋กœ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 5.14(SD=1.46)์˜€๋‹ค. 2) ๋ฐœ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ๋งˆ์‚ฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ํ”ผ๋กœ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ œ 1์ผ(z= -3.92, p= .00), ์ œ 2์ผ(z= -3.88, p= .00), ์ œ 3์ผ(z= -3.88, p= .00) ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3) ํ•ญ์•”ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” 4์ผ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ํ”ผ๋กœ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค(ฯ‡2=10.97, p= .01). ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ญ์•”ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์•”ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ๋งˆ์‚ฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋กœ๋„ ์™„ํ™”์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐœ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ๋งˆ์‚ฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ œ 4์ผ์—๋„ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ํ˜ธ์ „์—๋„ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ๋งˆ์‚ฌ์ง€๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ํ”ผ๋กœ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ค‘์žฌ์ž„๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ์ž…์›์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ถˆํŽธ๊ฐ์„ ์™„ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ค‘์žฌ๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of foot reflexolgy on cancer-related fatigue in patients who are receiving chemotherapy. The research design was a one-group time series experimental design. The participants for this study were 20 patients who had completed their second chemotherapy. The study was conducted from April 8, 2003 to June 7, 2003 at a university hospital located in Gyeonggi-Do, Korea. Fatigue was measured as the dependent variable. The instrument used for fatigue was the revised RPFS (Revised Piper Fatigue Scale). Cronbach alpha for this study was .80. For three days, pre and post tests were done immediately before and 10 minutes after completion of foot reflexology. Foot reflexology was performed on each foot for 30 minutes. On the fourth day, only fatigue measurement was done. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percents, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and Friedman test. The results of this study are as follow: 1. Before chemotherapy, the mean score for fatigue was 5.14 (SD=1.46). 2. After foot reflexology, the mean score for fatigue decreased significantly on the first day (z= -3.92, p= .00), second (z= -3.88, p= .00), and third (z= -3.88, p= .00). 3. For the four days of chemotherapy, the mean scores for fatigue were significantly decreased. In conclusion, foot reflexology was effective in reducing fatigue in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, as well, the effect lasted to the fourth day of chemotherapy. On the basis of the findings, this study suggests that foot reflexology can be an effective method of reducing fatigue and improving mood in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.ope

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    Analysis of dental anomaly patterns of patients with malocclusion

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    ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]์น˜์•„ ์ด์ƒ์ด๋ž€, ์น˜์•„์˜ ์ˆ˜, ์œ„์น˜, ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ ์ฒœ์  ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณผ์ž‰์น˜, ๊ฒฐ์†์น˜, ์ด์†Œ๋งน์ถœ, ๋งŒ๊ณก์น˜, ์™œ์†Œ์น˜ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ํ™˜์ž ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์žฅ์•  ๋ฐ ์น˜์กฐ๊ณจ ๋ฐœ์œก์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋ถ€์ •๊ตํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ ์ธ์ž๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ต์ •์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2007๋…„ 3์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2008๋…„ 3์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ํ‰์ดŒ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด์น˜๊ณผ์™€ ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์น˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ณ‘์› ๊ต์ •๊ณผ์— ๋‚ด์›ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž 1460๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž„์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ก๊ณผ ์ดˆ์ง„ ์‹œ panorama x-ray์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์น˜์•„์˜ ์ˆ˜, ์œ„์น˜, ํ˜•ํƒœ, ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ด์ƒ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๊ณผ์ž‰์น˜์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์€ 3.70%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž์—์„œ ๋” ํ˜ธ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(p<0.05). ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์•… ์ •์ค‘๋ถ€์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์น˜๊ด€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋นˆ๋„๋Š” ์—ญ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. 2. ์„ ์ฒœ์  ๊ฒฐ์†์น˜์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์€ 12.67%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ํ•˜์•…์—์„œ ํ˜ธ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ(p<0.05), ์น˜์•„๋ณ„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์€ ํ•˜์•… ์ œ 2์†Œ๊ตฌ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ์•… ์ œ 2์†Œ๊ตฌ์น˜, ํ•˜์•… ์ธก์ ˆ์น˜์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 3. ์ด์†Œ ๋งน์ถœ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์€ 12.47%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์•…์ด ํ•˜์•…๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ(p<0.05), ์น˜์•„๋ณ„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์€ ์ƒ์•… ๊ฒฌ์น˜, ์ƒ์•… ์ œ 2์†Œ๊ตฌ์น˜, ํ•˜์•… ๊ฒฌ์น˜์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 4. ๋งŒ๊ณก์น˜์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์€ 12.05%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์ž ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(p<0.05). ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์•…์ด ํ•˜์•…๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ(p<0.05), ์น˜์•„๋ณ„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์€ ์ƒ์•… ์ธก์ ˆ์น˜, ์ƒ์•… ์ œ 2์†Œ๊ตฌ์น˜, ์ƒ์•… ์ œ 1์†Œ๊ตฌ์น˜์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 5. ์™œ์†Œ์น˜๋Š” ์ธก์ ˆ์น˜์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์ด 4.04%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ์–‘์ธก์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ํŽธ์ธก์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ„์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]Dental anomalies are congenital variations of the number, location, morphology, and size of teeth. They appear in various patterns such as supernumerary teeth, missing teeth, ectopic eruption, dilacerated teeth, and microdontia. These may affect not only the oral aesthetic issues of patients but also the functional disorders and alveolar bone underdevelopment, acting as contributing factors of malocclusion. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of an orthodontist are required. The subjects used in this study were 1460 patients who visited the Department of Orthodontic in Pyeongchon Beautiful Dental Clinic and the Dental Hospital of Yonsei University from March, 2007 to March, 2008. Their clinical examination records and panoramic radiograph of their first visit were used to investigate abnormalities of the number, location, morphology, and size of teeth. The following were study results. 1. The total prevalence of supernumerary teeth was 3.70%. As for the gender distribution, it occurred more commonly in males (p<0.05). The most frequently supernumerary teeth were mesiodens of median area in maxilla and the crown direction of that teeth generally was inverted impaction. 2. The total prevalence of congenital missing teeth was 12.67%. The gender distribution showed no statistically significant difference. There was higher rate in mandible than in maxilla (p<0.05). The most frequently congenital missing teeth were the lower 2nd premolar, followed by the upper 2nd premolar and lower lateral incisor. 3. The total prevalence of ectopic eruption was 12.47%. The gender distribution did not show any statistically significant difference. There was higher rate in maxilla than in mandible (p<0.05). The prevalence by tooth was the highest in the upper canine, followed by the upper 2nd premolar and lower canine. 4. The delacerated teeth showed an incidence rate of 12.05%. In the gender distribution, females appeared to be higher than males(p<0.05). There was higher rate in maxilla than in mandible (p<0.05). The prevalence by tooth was the highest in the upper lateral incisor, followed by the upper 2nd premolar and upper 1st premolar. 5. The total prevalence of peglateralis was 4.04%. There was no statistically significant difference in the gender distribution. The distribution of location showed no statistically significant difference between bilateral and unilateral cases.ope

    A Study on the Legal Aspects of Maritime Safety Audit

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    The increasing number of ship with high-speed and large-sized ship has resulted in the occurrence of a number of maritime traffic accidents. However, many marine structures are jumbled up together under the good name of national economic growth and ensuring national competitiveness so the safe navigation area for the ship has been reduced. Furthermore, there have been no regular arrangements to ensure maritime safety coping with such social affairs, and traffic impact assessment only has been implemented using the related marine traffic simulation system and traffic flow data as the need arises. The Maritime Traffic Safety Law was revised to improve these situations in May, 2009. Therefore, the Maritime Safety Audit(MSA) will be come into force after 6 months in accordance with that law. The MSA aims to assess the traffic impact by the construction and installation of sea-based structures systematically and technically to ensure the safety of navigation and reduce the maritime traffic accident. The MSA is composed of similar scheme to the other domestic safety audit system such as a MSA institute registered by government, a evaluation of MSA report by government and a assessment at the predesign step, etc. But the system also has particular characteristics of its own such as a identification step whether the structure needs the MSA or not. This paper aims to introduce the composition of the MSA system on the legal aspect comparing with the other domestic safety audit system, and to vest the MSA system with adequacy by understanding domestic and foreign traffic safety audit systems. As a result, MSA is the first system in the world which assess the marine traffic impact in legal. And also it is the only domestic legal system to assess the marine traffic impact. To stable operation of the MSA system which is the objective and systematic audit system, therefore, I suggest some legal complements. First, the Maritime Traffic Safety Law should be the standard law to manage the marine traffic safety in general instead of the National Traffic Safety Law. Second, the stipulated method and standard needs for the 'pre-discussion' step and MSA report evaluation step. Third, the comprehensive data management system needs to be established to develop the MSA system.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  I. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  II. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ œ2์žฅ ํ•ด์ƒ๊ตํ†ต์•ˆ์ „์ง„๋‹จ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… I. ํ•ด์ƒ๊ตํ†ต์•ˆ์ „์ง„๋‹จ์ œ๋„์˜ ์˜์˜ II. ํ•ด์ƒ๊ตํ†ต์•ˆ์ „์ง„๋‹จ์ œ๋„์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ III. ํ•ด์ƒ๊ตํ†ต์•ˆ์ „์ง„๋‹จ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 1. ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 2. ํ•ด์ƒ๊ตํ†ต์•ˆ์ „์ง„๋‹จ ๋Œ€์ƒ์‚ฌ์—… 3. ์ง„๋‹จ์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ 4. ์•ˆ์ „์ง„๋‹จ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ 5. ์ง„๋‹จ์„œ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ IV. ํ•ด์ƒ๊ตํ†ต์•ˆ์ „์ง„๋‹จ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ 1. ํ•ด์ƒ๊ตํ†ต์•ˆ์ „์ง„๋‹จ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ 2. ํ–‰์ •ํ–‰์œ„๋กœ์จ์˜ ํ•ด์ƒ๊ตํ†ต์•ˆ์ „์ง„๋‹จ 3. ํ•ด์ƒ๊ตํ†ต์•ˆ์ „์ง„๋‹จ์ž์˜ ์ฑ…๋ฌด V. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 1. ๊ตํ†ต์•ˆ์ „๋ฒ• 2. ํ™˜๊ฒฝยท๊ตํ†ตยท์žฌํ•ด๋“ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฒ• 3. ๋„์‹œ๊ตํ†ต์ •๋น„ ์ด‰์ง„๋ฒ• ์ œ3์žฅ ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ•ด์ƒ๊ตํ†ต์•ˆ์ „์ง„๋‹จ์ œ๋„ ๋™ํ–ฅ I. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ PAWSA II. ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ํ•ญ๋งŒํ•ด์–‘์•ˆ์ „ ์ฝ”๋“œ III. ํ™์ฝฉ์˜ MARA IV. ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „๋Œ€์ฑ…ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ ์ œ4์žฅ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ ์•ˆ์ „์ง„๋‹จ์ œ๋„ ๋™ํ–ฅ I. ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ ์•ˆ์ „์ง„๋‹จ์ œ๋„ 45 II. ๋„๋กœ๊ตํ†ต ์•ˆ์ „์ง„๋‹จ์ œ๋„ ์ œ5์žฅ ํ•ด์ƒ๊ตํ†ต์•ˆ์ „์ง„๋‹จ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ž…๋ฒ•์  ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ I. ๊ตํ†ต์•ˆ์ „๋ฒ•์—์„œ ํ•ด์ƒ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ II. ์‚ฌ์ „ํ˜‘์˜์˜ ๋„์ž… III. ์ง„๋‹จ์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ทœ์ •ํ™” IV. ํ•ด์ƒ๊ตํ†ต์•ˆ์ „์ •๋ณด ์ข…ํ•ฉ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ์ œ6์žฅ ๊ฒฐ

    The Plurality of Values and Equality : The Critical Analysis on Amartya Sen's Ideas of Equality

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ •์น˜ํ•™๊ณผ,2007.Maste

    ๋น„์˜ฌ๋ผ์™€ ํž์˜ `์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ฑ`์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒํ•™์  ๋ถ„์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์„œ์–‘ํ™”๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์ด๋ก ์ „๊ณต,1997.Maste

    ๊ณ ๊ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณธ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์˜๋ฅ˜์ƒพ์˜ ํŒ๋งค์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ „๊ณต,1996.Maste
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