체육수업에서 정보통신기술(ICT)활용교육에 따른 학업 관심도 및 만족도에 관한 연구

본 연구의 목적은 체육수업에서 정보통신기술(ICT) 활용교육에 따른 학업관심도 및 학업만족도를 알아보고, ICT 활용자들의 학습자 실태에 대해 조사해 봄으로서, 정보화 시대의 체육현장에 정보통신기술 활용교육의 당위성을 입증하고 활성화하도록 장려하는데 있다. 본 연구에서는 서울과 경기도에 위치한 남녀공학 중학교 학생을 모집단으로 선정하였고, 모집단 중 정보통신기술(ICT)를 활용하여 체육수업을 실시하고 있는 2곳과 체육수업에서 정보통신기술(ICT) 활용이 미비한 학교 2곳을 편의 추출법(Convenience sampling method)을 사용하여 각 학교마다 150명씩 총 600명을 대상자로 선정하였다. 총 597부의 설문지가 배포되었으며 이 중 이중기입과 불성실한 설문지를 제외한 총 520부를 실제 분석에 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 설문지의 내용은 조사대상자의 일반사항, 체육수업에서 ICT를 활용하는 집단의 활용실태, 체육수업에 대한 학업관심도 및 학업만족도 영역으로 구성되었다. 본 연구의 자료분석은 조사대상자들의 일반사항과 체육수업에서 ICT를 활용하는 조사대상자들의 실태를 알아보기 위해 빈도분석을 실시하였고, ICT 활용 유무에 따른 학업관심도와 학업만족도의 요인을 성별, 학업수준별로 나누어 그 차이를 알아보기 위해 이원변량분석(two-way ANOVA)을 실시하였다. 이와 같은 절차를 통하여 얻어진 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 체육수업에서 ICT를 활용하는 학습자들은 ICT 활용에 긍정적이었으며 차후에 ICT를 활용하는 수업을 받기를 원하였다. 둘째, ICT활용유무에 따른 학업관심도에 있어 ICT를 활용하는 집단의 남녀학생 그리고 학업수준이 높을수록 내적동기, 선호도, 흥미도 요인의 점수가 높았다. 셋째, ICT활용유무에 따른 학업만족도에 있어 ICT를 활용하는 집단의 남녀학생이 교수·학습과정, 조직 및 운영, 교사와의 상호작용, 시설 및 기자재활용, 수업평가 요인의 점수가 높았다. 넷째, 체육수업에서 ICT활용에 따른 학업관심도에 있어 성별, 학업수준별로 유의한 차이를 보이는 하위영역은 선호도 요인이였다. 다섯째, 체육수업에서 ICT활용에 따른 학업만족도에 있어 성별에 따라서는 교사의 상호작용 요인이, 학업수준별로는 교수·학습과정, 조직 및 운영, 수업평가 등의 요인에서 유의한 차이를 보였다.; The purpose of this study was to investigate learning interest and learning satisfaction by using ICT-based education in physical education. The subjects were 520 students from four middle schools. Four schools were randomly sampled. Two of them were using ICT-based education in physical education, and the others were not. The instruments were Questionnaire about the use of ICT-based education, learning interest and learning satisfaction in physical education. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and two-way ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows: First, the learners who have used ICT in physical education reported positive attitude. Second, there were significant differences in learning interest by the level of learning. Learning interest was positively related with the level of learning. The variables that explained learning interest were inner-motive, preference and interest. Third, there were significant differences in learning satisfaction by the level of learning. Learning satisfaction was positively related with the level of learning. The variables that explained learning satisfaction were teaching-learning process, organization & administration, interaction with teacher, use of facilities & appliance and teaching evaluation. Forth, there were significant differences in learning interest by sex and the level of learning. Preference was different significantly by sex and the level of learning. Fifth, there were significant differences in learning satisfaction by sex and the level of learning. Interaction with teacher was different by sex. Teaching-learning process, Organization & administration and teaching evaluation were different significantly by the level of learning.논문개요 = v I. 서론 = 1 A. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 = 1 B. 연구문제 = 4 C. 연구가설 = 5 D. 용어의 정의 = 6 E. 연구의 제한점 = 7 II. 이론적 배경 = 8 A. 정보통신기술(ICT)과 교육에의 활용 = 9 B. 정보통신기술(ICT) 활용교육의 의의 및 효과 = 10 C. 제7차교육과정과 정보통신기술(ICT) 활용 = 12 D. 체육교과에서의 정보통신기술(ICT) 활용 = 15 E. 외국에서의 정보통신기술(ICT) 활용 사례 = 21 F. 선행연구 고찰 = 23 III. 연구방법 = 25 A. 연구대상 = 25 B. 조사도구 = 26 C. 조사방법 및 자료처리 = 29 IV. 결과 및 논의 = 30 A. 체육수업에서의 정보통신기술 활용 학습자 태도 = 30 B. 학업관심도 = 37 C. 학업만족도 = 46 V. 결론 및 제언 = 62 참고문헌 = 66 부록1 = 69 ABSTRAC = 7

비대면이 일상으로, 메타버스(Metaverse)의 부상과 새로운 기회

코로나19(COVID-19)로 인한 사회적 거리두기의 장기화 및 XR(eXtended Reality)로 대표되는 실감 기술, ICT의 급진적인 발전으로 디지털 전환이 가속화됨에 따라 메타버스(Metaverse)가 다시 부상하고 있다. 메타버스는 실감 기술이 매개체가 되어 현실 세계와 가상 세계가 상호작용하는 융합된 세상으로, 상상으로만 가능했던 일들이 현실로 다가오고 있다. 메타버스는 이미 30년 전에 언급된 개념으로 전혀 새로운 아이디어는 아니지만, 과거 메타버스 유사 서비스들이 실패했던 이유인 기술과 개념 간의 갭(gap)이 상당 부분 해소되어가면서 실현 가능성에 대한 기대가 높아지고 있다. 게임에서 출발한 메타버스 서비스는 XR 기술과 산업 전 분야와의 융합 가능성을 높이고 있어 사회 전반에 걸쳐 막대한 파급효과가 나타날 것으로 기대하고 있다. 이러한 낙관적인 전망이 우세한 가운데, 전문가들은 저마다 다양한 관점에서 메타버스를 정의하고 있으며 다양한 견해만큼이나 관련 기술 생태계 또한 합의된 틀이 존재하지 않는 실정이다. 메타버스의 기술개발 및 활용의 초기 단계인 만큼 지속적인 성장, 경쟁력 확보를 위해서는 관련 기술에 대한 분석은 물론 선제적인 정책적·제도적 지원이 뒷받침되어야 할 것이다. 또한 이를 바탕으로 선결되어야 할 문제들을 분석하고 효과적인 전략 수립을 위한 고민이 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다

조류 배아의 발생 휴면 세포 신호 전달 기작 연구

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 농생명공학부, 2016. 8. 한재용.In most of the avian species, the early embryo suspends development after oviposition because of the low ambient temperature, which does not meet the thermal requirements for development. A periodic developmental layoff in the embryo is known as cold torpor, and it enables to reduce energy expenditure during periods of stressful events such as cold exposure. Immediately after oviposition, the early avian embryo undergoes cold torpor before the major development occurs, but it is able to endure some period of cold exposure. At the cellular level, it is known that shortly after exposure to thermal stress, various protective or destructive molecular signals are activated. Some examples of the representative molecular changes that occur under stressful conditions are unfolded protein response (UPR) triggered by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) signaling. Multiple cellular process, such as apoptosis or cell cycle arrest occur in response to the activation of the ER stress or SAPK signaling initiation, thus promoting the cell death. In spite of the understanding of stress activated molecular mechanisms in various types of cells, the exact molecular signatures occurring in the avian embryo during cold torpor are not clearly elucidated to date. Here we investigated the molecular signaling signatures that occur in the dormant avian embryo, especially the mechanisms related to stress response and energy conservation. To investigate the level of ER stress and SAPK signaling, and its effect on the cellular integrity in the post-ovipositional avian embryo, molecular analysis was conducted using the avian embryos that were ovipositioned and cooled at 16°C during several time periods. First of all the internal egg temperature was measured to observe the timing of cold stress initiation in the blastoderm. This indicated that hypothermia occur with in 4 hours post-oviposition, which is caused by at least 20°C decline in the egg internal temperature, and enough to initiate stress-activated molecular signals. To conduct studies on the degree of ER stress and SAPK signaling during avian embryo dormancy, the mRNA expression pattern was screened in various time points after oviposition. As a result, the mRNA of ER stress, SAPK signaling and apoptosis related genes were gradually up-regulated during the post-ovipositional periods, especially the gene expression was significantly up-regulated after 7 days of storage, indicating the strong activation of ER stress and SAPK signaling related genes. Furthermore, to investigate the degree of protein expression change of ER stress and SAPK signaling related molecules, western blot analysis was conducted with proteins obtained from blastoderm that were storaged at 16°C for several time points post-oviposition. Western blot results indicated that SAPK signal phosphorylation, especially JNK and p38 signaling pathway, was stronger as the duration of cold torpor increases in the avian embryo, and is strongest at 7 days of storage. Similarly, the ER stress effector protein IRE-1 phosphorylation increased during the cold torpor period. Identical analysis was performed with duck blastodermal proteins, and it has shown identical results as chicken. To investigate the cellular process that occur in response to the activation of ER stress and SAPK signaling, the degree of cell cycle progression was measured by gene expression profiling and propidium iodide (PI) staining. The results indicated that shortly after oviposition, genes related to the progression of cell cycle were significantly down regulated, especially at 1 day of storage. Additionally, the distribution of cells throughout the cell cycle phases were investigated by PI staining, accordingly the results indicated that shortly after oviposition, most of the blastodermal cells are in the G0/G1 phase. However, the cell cycle was arrested at the G2/M phase at 7 days of storage, which shows that the blastodermal cells suspend the progression of cell cycle during cold torpor. Accordingly, the mRNA expression pattern of the purine/pyrimidine metabolism related genes were investigated to observe the extent of nucleotide metabolism in the dormant embryo, and the results indicated that the expression of nucleotide metabolism related genes are down-regulated at 7 days of storage. Another cellular process that occurs in response to stress is apoptosis, which is a form of programmed cell death induced by various cellular signals as ER stress and SAPK signaling. AnnexinV-PI staining was conducted to investigate the progression of apoptotic cell death in the blastoderm and measure proportion of apoptotic cells. The results shown that early apoptotic cells rise after 7 day of storage at 16°C, while late apoptotic cells does not. Nonetheless, after incubation of the embryos at 37.5°C for 4 hours, the early and late apoptotic cells were cleared and amount of live cells increased. The TUNEL assay results show that there is little damage to the DNA during storage, indicating that the early apoptotic cells in the blastoderm does not affect DNA integrity. In conclusion, after oviposition, various stress-related molecular signals are active, which affects the molecular status of the blastoderm by arresting the cell cycle and inducing early apoptosis. However, the avian embryo is able to prohibit the progression of apoptosis to late phase, and minimize damage to genetic information. This result suggests that the avian embryo is able to actively protect itself from external stress during the dormant period.CHAPTER 1. Introduction 1 CHAPTER 2. Literature review 6 1. Embryonic dormancy in animal embryos 7 1.1 Cold torpor and diapause 7 1.2 Embryonic dormancy in various species 8 1.3 Embryonic dormancy in avian species 10 2. Survival mechanisms at the cellular level 13 3. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress 14 3.1 Unfolded protein response (UPR) 15 3.2 Effector pathways in ER stress 16 3.3 ER stress and SAPK signaling 19 3.4 Mechanisms involved with apoptosis 20 4. Stress activated protein kinase (SAPK) signaling 20 4.1 JNK signaling pathway 21 4.2 p38 signaling pathway 23 4.3 SAPK activation in hypothermic situations 25 5. Apoptotic cell death 27 5.1 Mechanisms of apoptosis 28 5.2 Stress mediated activation of apoptosis 30 5.3 Reversal of apoptosis 32 6. Nucleotide metabolism and cell cycle 34 6.1 Nucleotide metabolism 35 6.2 Cell cycle 36 6.3 Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis 37 CHAPTER 3. Transcriptome Analysis of the Dormant Avian Embryo 39 Introduction 40 Materials and Methods 44 Results 46 Discussion 61 CHAPTER 4. Molecular and Signaling Signatures in the Dormant Avian Embryo 65 Introduction 66 Materials and Methods 69 Results 72 Discussion 86 REFERENCE 89 SUMMARY IN KOREAN 114Maste

4차 산업혁명을 대비한 연구개발과 ICT 융합

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2017 KISTI 오픈데이터 정책포럼

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