15 research outputs found

    The Research on Symbolic Meanings in Koreaโ€™s Lion Dance

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    ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์„ธํฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ์™ธ ์†Œํฌ์ฒด ๋ฐ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์ƒ์„ฑ ์œ ๋„ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ

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    Cardiac regeneration with adult stem cell therapy is one of promising fields to address advanced cardiovascular diseases. In addition, extracellular vesicles (EVs) from stem cells have a role as cellular cargo and as a paracrine factor to improve cardiac function after stem cell therapy. The recent discovery of adult cardiac stem cells has greatly increased the academic interest in cardiovascular regeneration. However, debates regarding c-kit positive cell, putative cardiac stem cell, raise questions about the existence of human adult cardiac stem cells, lately. In our work, we isolated human cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (CMSCs) through three-dimensional organ culture and compared their functional efficacy with human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). The isolated CMSCs exhibited CD90(low), c-kit(negative), CD105(positive) phenotype. Additionally, the CMSCs expressed NANOG, SOX2, and GATA4. To determine the effective type of EVs isolated from different sources of adult stem cells for angiogenesis, we isolated the EVs from CMSCs under normoxic or hypoxia-conditions and EVs from BM-MSCs under normoxic conditions were used as control. Our result demonstrated that EVs isolated from hypoxia-conditioned CMSCs showed the most augmented ability of in vitro capillary tube formation than other two groups. This indicated that the EVs secreted from the CD90(low), c-kit(negative), CD105(positive) CMSCs under hypoxic conditions promote angiogenesis in vitro. Our findings provide novel insights into understanding cardiovascular repair. ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์žฌ์ƒ์€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋ง๊ธฐ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์œ ๋ž˜๋œ ์„ธํฌ์™ธ ์†Œํฌ์ฒด (extracellular vesicles, EVs)๋Š” ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์šด๋ฐ˜์ฒด๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ค„๊ธฐ ์„ธํฌ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ›„์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹ฌ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ์ธก๋ถ„๋น„์ธ์ž (paracrine factor)๋กœ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์„ฑ์ฒด ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ๋˜ c-kit ์–‘์„ฑ ์„ธํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์„ฑ์ฒด ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ์—ฐ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฌธ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œ๊ธฐ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ƒ์ฒด์™ธ (ex vivo) ์ฆ์‹ ๋ฐ 3์ฐจ์› ๋™์  ์กฐ์ง๋ฐฐ์–‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์„ธํฌ (cardiac mesenchymal stromal cell; CMSC)๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋™์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋œ ์„ฑ์ฒด ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๊ณจ์ˆ˜ ์œ ๋ž˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ (human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells)์™€ ํŠน์ง• ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋น„๊ต ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด CMSCs๊ฐ€ CD90(low), c-kit(negative), CD105(positive)์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ˜•์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ NANOG, SOX2 ๋ฐ GATA4๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ EVs๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ๋”์šฑ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ EVs๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ดCMSCs์˜ EVs๋Š” ์ •์ƒ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์™€ ์ € ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์ถœ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ œ๋Œ€ ์ •๋งฅ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ชจ์„ธ ๊ด€ ํ˜•์„ฑ (capillary tube formation) ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์ € ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋œ CMSC๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์€ EVs๊ฐ€ ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์„ธ ๊ด€ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ € ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ CD90(low), c-kit(negative), CD105(positive) CMSCs๊ฐ€ ์ฒด์™ธ ๋ฏธ์„ธ ๊ด€ ํ˜•์„ฑ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ EVs๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋น„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋ณต๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.open๋ฐ•

    ์ง์žฅ์ถœํ˜ˆ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋นˆํ˜ˆ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ์˜ ๋Œ€์žฅ๋‚ด์‹œ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์—ญํ• 

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    ๋ชฉ์ : ๋นˆํ˜ˆ์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋ถ€์œ„์žฅ๊ด€๋‚ด์‹œ๊ฒฝ์€ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์™”์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ€์žฅ๋‚ด์‹œ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ €์ž๋“ค์€ ์ง์žฅ์ถœํ˜ˆ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋นˆํ˜ˆํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๋Œ€์žฅ๋‚ด์‹œ๊ฒฝ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋นˆํ˜ˆ์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•: ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2001๋…„ 1์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2002๋…„ 12์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ๋นˆํ˜ˆ์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€์žฅ๋‚ด์‹œ๊ฒฝ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ 147๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ํ›„ํ–ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์—ฐ๋ น์€ 48ยฑ17์„ธ(๋ฒ”์œ„ 15๏ฝž90)์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‚จ๋…€๋น„๊ฐ€ 1๏ผš4.3์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 94๋ช…(63.9%)์ด ์ฒ ๊ฒฐํ•์„ฑ๋นˆํ˜ˆ์— ํ•ฉ๋‹นํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 21.8% ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ํ˜ˆ์ƒ‰์†Œ์น˜๊ฐ€ 7.0 g/dL ์ดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์žฅ๋‚ด์‹œ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋นˆํ˜ˆ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ด์ƒ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์€ 76๋ช…(94์˜ˆ)์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์น˜ํ•ต(35์˜ˆ), ์šฉ์ข…(31์˜ˆ), ๊ฒฐํ•ต(9์˜ˆ), ๋Œ€์žฅ์•”(8์˜ˆ), ๊ฒŒ์‹ค(8์˜ˆ), ์ž๊ถ๋‚ด๋ง‰์ฆ(1์˜ˆ), ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์ดํ˜•์„ฑ์ฆ(1์˜ˆ), ๊ถค์–‘์„ฑ ๋Œ€์žฅ์—ผ(1์˜ˆ)์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์žฅ๋‚ด์‹œ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์€ ๊ณ ๋ น๊ตฐ์—์„œ(โ‰ง55์„ธ, p=0.034) ๋” ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ์ž๊ถ๋‚ด๋ง‰์ฆ, ๊ถค์–‘์„ฑ ๋Œ€์žฅ์—ผ ๋ฐ ์žฅ๊ฒฐํ•ต์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ Š์€ ์—ฐ๋ น๊ตฐ(๏ผœ55์„ธ)์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 8๋ช…์˜ ๋Œ€์žฅ์•” ํ™˜์ž ์ค‘ 2๋ช…์€ 39์„ธ์™€ 49์„ธ๋กœ ์ Š์€ ๋‚จ์ž์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก : ๋นˆํ˜ˆ์˜ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์žฅ์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์ด ๊ณ ๋ น๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ Š์€ ์—ฐ๋ น๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์งˆํ™˜์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์งˆํ™˜๋„ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์–ด, ๋Œ€์žฅ๋‚ด์‹œ๊ฒฝ์€ ๋นˆํ˜ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ Š์€ ์—ฐ๋ น๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋ น๊ตฐ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์ง„๋‹จ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. Background/Aims: For evaluation of anemia, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is widely used. However, there is no sufficient information on the efficiency and role of colonoscopic evaluation for these anemia patients. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic yield of colonoscopy in anemia patients with nonactive rectal bleeding. Methods: This was a retrospective study from January 2001 to December 2002. We reviewed 147 patients who underwent colonoscopy for anemia evaluation. Results: The mean age was 48 17 years (range 15โˆผ90), and male to female ratio was 1๏ผš4.3. Ninety-four patients (63.9%) had iron deficiency anemia and 21.8% of them have less than 7 g/dL of hemoglobin. Abnormal colonoscopic findings were observed in 84 patients (57.1%) including hemorrhoid (35), polyp (31), tuberculosis (9), cancer (8), diverticulum (8), endometriosis (1), angiodysplasia (1), and ulcerative colitis (1). The presence of abnormal colonoscopic findings was more frequently observed in older population (โ‰ฅ55 years old, p=0.034). Intestinal tuberculosis, endometriosis, and ulcerative colitis were observed only in younger population (๏ผœ55 years old), and 2 of 8 cancer patients were 39 and 49 years old males. Conclusions: Although the diagnostic yield of colonoscopy is relatively higher in older population, colonoscopy is one of the valuable tools in anemia evaluation of both older and younger populations
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