25 research outputs found

    The Settlement Pattern Changes of Nam-Gang River Area in the Late Mumun Period

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ธ๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ณ ๊ณ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์‚ฌํ•™๊ณผ(๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2022.2. ๊น€์žฅ์„.This study focuses on changing the settlement patterns of the Late Mumun Period around Nam-gang River in South Korea. To propose more defined explanation for the changing patterns, it will reconsider the previous studies based on typological methods because the change of settlement patterns cannot be explained by those methods. In Mumun Period, Songguk-ri culture is one of the most important point to classify the Early and Late Mumun periods because it includes the whole change of material cultures like houses and potteries. Before the Songguk-ri culture, rectangle-shaped pit houses with fire pit and patterned bowl-shaped potteries such as rim-perforated and double-rim with diagonal line potteries were dominated. But after the Songguk-ri culture, the house changed to the square-shaped or circle-shaped houses, and the potteries changed to jar-shaped with plain patterned potteries. This kind of change means not only the changes of material culture, but also the advance of the social complexity involving from starting rice cultivation and producing surplus and dividing the household or labor unit. However, this kind of changes related to the social complexity has only been discussed in the south-western part of Korea. Otherwise, in the south-eastern part of Korea, researchers mainly focused on what kinds of house types appeared and how many kinds of house types can be divided after Songguk-ri culture is settled. Even though the many possibilities of changes and advances of social complexity in the south-western part can happen, they have not been discussed. To solve this problem and start discussions of social complexities by settlement patterns, this study makes an alternative way to explain the changes of settlement patterns. This study especially focuses on the settlement pattern changes in Nam-gang River area which is the western area of the south-western part in Korea near to Songguk-ri culutureโ€™s main cities, For the reexamination of the previous studies, the Songguk-ri type houses in Nam-gang River area are categorized by shape types and internal types because they assume that the each house type can be related to a certain time period. But the result of the analyses, any shape type of houses cannot be specified with any internal type of houses. Also, the associated potteries in each house types are analyzed that any associated pottery types cannot be specified with any house types. Moreover, it has to be explained the dramatic changes and population moves if we set the time periods based on the previous typological methods. But if the region is divided into two parts, the main stream and the branches, the overlapped houses and C-14 dating data show that the circle-shaped house can occur after square-shaped houses in the branches. Based on the settlement pattern analysis, the circle-shaped houses are distributed outskirt of the gathered area of square-shaped houses, and circle-shaped houses are dominated in the settlement in the branches. Therefore, in the first stage of the Late Period, square-shaped houses are mainly settled in the main stream area. Then, circle-shaped houses started to settle in the outskirt area of the settlement in the main stream area and to spread in the new settlements in the branches in the second stage. The GIS analysis also shows the pattern changes of two stages. This result is differentiated from the previous studies which have to explain the dramatic changes of settlements and population. Instead, this study shows the development of the settlement and its system. In the second stage of the Late Period, as the settlement is spread to the branches, the settlement system and social complexity can be advanced simultaneously.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚จ๊ฐ•์œ ์—ญ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ฌธํ† ๊ธฐ์‹œ๋Œ€ ํ›„๊ธฐ ์ทจ๋ฝ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์  ํŽธ๋…„์•ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐํ˜€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ›„๊ธฐ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์˜ ํ˜•์‹๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ณ€๋™๊ณผ์ •์„ ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋Œ€์•ˆ์  ํŽธ๋…„์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ›„๊ธฐ ์ทจ๋ฝ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์ทจ๋ฝ ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ค๋ช…์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด๋ฌธํ† ๊ธฐ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋ฌธํ™” ๋ณ€๋™์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์†ก๊ตญ๋ฆฌ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์†ก๊ตญ๋ฆฌ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „๊ธฐ์™€ ํ›„๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด๋ฌธํ† ๊ธฐ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ‰๋ฉด ์žฅ๋ฐฉํ˜•์— ๋…ธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์™€ ๋Œ๋Œ€๋ฌธ, ์ด์ค‘๊ตฌ์—ฐ๋‹จ์‚ฌ์„ ๋ฌธ, ๊ณต๋ ฌ๋ฌธ ๋“ฑ ์œ ๋ฌธ์–‘์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜•ํ† ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ›„๊ธฐ ์†ก๊ตญ๋ฆฌ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๋ฉด ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ˜น์€ ์›ํ˜•์— ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ณต์ด ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์™€ ์™ธ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์—ฐ ์˜นํ˜•ํ† ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธํ™”๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์†ก๊ตญ๋ฆฌ๋ฌธํ™” ๋“ฑ์žฅ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ˆ˜๋„์ž‘์˜ ์ „ํ™˜, ์ž‰์—ฌ๋ฐœ์ƒ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ™” ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณตํ•ฉํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋” ํฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์†ก๊ตญ๋ฆฌ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ด์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณตํ•ฉํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ํ˜ธ์„œ์™€ ํ˜ธ๋‚จ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์˜๋‚จ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์†ก๊ตญ๋ฆฌ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ˜ธ์„œ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์†ก๊ตญ๋ฆฌ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์œ ์ž…๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์†ก๊ตญ๋ฆฌ์‹ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•์‹์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์˜๋‚จ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์†ก๊ตญ๋ฆฌ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณตํ•ฉํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ œํ•œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜๋‚จ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ์ „๊ฐœ๋œ ์†ก๊ตญ๋ฆฌ์ทจ๋ฝ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์ด ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์˜ ํ˜•์‹๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹จ์ ˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ทจ๋ฝ๋ณ€๋™ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜ธ์„œ์ง€์—ญ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…์•ˆ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ˜•์‹๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์  ํŽธ๋…„์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ทจ๋ฝ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์–‘์ƒ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ทจ๋ฝ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ๊ณ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜๋‚จ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ด๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์†ก๊ตญ๋ฆฌ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ž…๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚จ๊ฐ•์œ ์—ญ์˜ ์ทจ๋ฝ๋ณ€๋™ ์–‘์ƒ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‚จ๊ฐ•์œ ์—ญ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ๋˜๋Š” ์†ก๊ตญ๋ฆฌ์‹ ๋ฐฉํ˜•๊ณผ ์›ํ˜• ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€ํ˜•์‹๋ณ„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ ยท๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ›„๊ธฐ ์ทจ๋ฝ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚จ๊ฐ•์œ ์—ญ์˜ ํ›„๊ธฐ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ˜•์‹๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณต๋ฐ˜๋˜๋Š” ํ† ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ค‘๋ณต๊ด€๊ณ„, ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ฑํƒ„์†Œ์—ฐ๋Œ€ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์˜ ํ‰๋ฉดํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ˜•์‹ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์˜ ํ‰๋ฉดํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ํ™•์ธ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ํ‡ดํ™” ๋“ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฉํ˜•โ†’์›ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ์˜ ํ‰๋ฉดํ˜•ํƒœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋ฐ˜ํ† ๊ธฐ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ํ˜•์‹๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ™•์ธ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋ ฌ๋ฌธํ† ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์˜ ํ‰๋ฉดํ˜•ํƒœ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณต๋ ฌ๋ฌธํ† ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ํ˜•์‹์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜•์‹๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ทจ๋ฝ์˜ ํ•ด์ฒด์™€ ์ด์ฃผ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ทจ๋ฝ๋ณ€๋™์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด ํŽธ๋…„์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ์ค‘๋ณต๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ฑํƒ„์†Œ์—ฐ๋Œ€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ˜•๊ณผ ์›ํ˜•์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์˜ ์„ ํ›„๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๋“ฑ์žฅ ์‹œ์ ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†ก๊ตญ๋ฆฌ์‹ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ›„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ I๊ธฐ์™€ II๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ›„๊ธฐ I๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋‹จ๋…๊ธฐ์™€ II๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉํ˜•+์›ํ˜•์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰๊ธฐ ์„ค์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚จ๊ฐ• ์œ ์—ญ์˜ ์ทจ๋ฝ์„ ๋ณธ๋ฅ˜์—ญ๊ณผ ์ง€๋ฅ˜์—ญ์— ์ž…์ง€ํ•œ ์ทจ๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ง„์ฃผ ๋Œ€ํ‰๋ฆฌ, ํ‰๊ฑฐ๋™, ์ดˆ์ „๋™, ์ดˆ์žฅ๋™, ์‚ฐ์ฒญ ํ•˜์ดŒ๋ฆฌ, ์‹ ์—ฐ๋ฆฌ ์œ ์  ๋“ฑ ๋ณธ๋ฅ˜์—ญ์— ์ž…์ง€ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์ทจ๋ฝ์œ ์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ง€๋ฅ˜์—ญ์— ์ž…์ง€ํ•œ ์ทจ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์›ํ˜•์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉฐ, ๋ณธ๋ฅ˜์—ญ์— ์ž…์ง€ํ•œ ์ทจ๋ฝ์—์„œ๋„ ์›ํ˜• ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๊ตฌ์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ์™ธ๊ณฝ์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ›„๊ธฐ I๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ๊ฐ•์˜ ๋ณธ๋ฅ˜์—ญ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ๋ฝ์„ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ›„๊ธฐ II๊ธฐ ์›ํ˜• ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์˜ ์œ ์ž…์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ทจ๋ฝ์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ™•์žฅ๋˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์กด์— ํฌํ™”๋œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ์™ธ๊ณฝ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ทจ๋ฝ๋“ค์ด ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด GIS ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ• ์ค‘ KDE์™€ Moranโ€™s I ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ›„๊ธฐ I๊ธฐ์™€ II๊ธฐ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง€ ํ˜•์„ฑ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ›„๊ธฐ I๊ธฐ ๋Œ€ํ‰๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ ๋‚จ๊ฐ•๋ณธ๋ฅ˜์—ญ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์ทจ๋ฝ๋“ค์—์„œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํ›„๊ธฐ II๊ธฐ ๋‚จ๊ฐ• ์ง€๋ฅ˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํ›„๊ธฐ II๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ˜• ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€๋‹จ๋…์‹œ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋ณผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์ทจ๋ฝ์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ํ•ด์ฒด์™€ ์ด์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐฉํ˜•+์›ํ˜• ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋‚จ๊ฐ•์œ ์—ญ์˜ ์ทจ๋ฝ๋ณ€๋™์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ›„๊ธฐ I๊ธฐ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋˜ ๋‚จ๊ฐ•๋ณธ๋ฅ˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์†ก๊ตญ๋ฆฌ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ทจ๋ฝ์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ทจ๋ฝ์ธ ์ง„์ฃผ ๋Œ€ํ‰๋ฆฌ ์œ ์ ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฑฐ๋™, ์ดˆ์ „๋™, ์ดˆ์žฅ๋™, ์‚ฐ์ฒญ ํ•˜์ดŒ๋ฆฌ, ์‹ ์—ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ ๋‚จ๊ฐ• ๋ณธ๋ฅ˜์—ญ๊ณผ ์ธ์ ‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ทจ๋ฝ์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ›„๊ธฐ II๊ธฐ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์›ํ˜• ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ›„๊ธฐ I๊ธฐ์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์ทจ๋ฝ์€ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜๊ณ , ์ฃผ๋ณ€์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ทจ๋ฝ์ด ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚จ๊ฐ• ๋ณธ๋ฅ˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋‚จ๊ฐ• ์ง€๋ฅ˜์—ญ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ทจ๋ฝ์ด ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™•์‚ฐ๊ณผ์ • ์†์—์„œ ๋‚จ๊ฐ•์œ ์—ญ์˜ ํ›„๊ธฐ ์ทจ๋ฝ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ™•์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํ›„๊ธฐ I๊ธฐโ†’II๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ณผ์ •์€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์ ˆ์ ์ธ ์–‘์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณตํ•ฉํ™” ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ทจ๋ฝ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ํ™•์žฅ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ I. ์„œ๋ก  1 II. ๋‚จ๊ฐ•์œ ์—ญ ๋ฌด๋ฌธํ† ๊ธฐ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ทจ๋ฝ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  3 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  3 1) ์†ก๊ตญ๋ฆฌ์œ ํ˜• ์ทจ๋ฝ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 3 2) ์˜๋‚จ์ง€์—ญ ์†ก๊ตญ๋ฆฌ์œ ํ˜• ์ทจ๋ฝ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒ€ํ†  6 3) ๋‚จ๊ฐ•์œ ์—ญ ์ทจ๋ฝ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  8 2. ๋‚จ๊ฐ•์œ ์—ญ ํ›„๊ธฐ์ทจ๋ฝ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ๋ณธ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  10 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 11 1) ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ฐ ํ† ๊ธฐ ํ˜•์‹ 13 2) ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ฑํƒ„์†Œ์—ฐ๋Œ€ ํ™œ์šฉ 15 3) GIS ํ™œ์šฉ 16 III. ๋‚จ๊ฐ•์œ ์—ญ ํ›„๊ธฐ ์ทจ๋ฝ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ์œ„์น˜ 18 1. ํ˜•์‹ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 18 2. ์ทจ๋ฝ๋ณ„ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ํ˜•์‹ ๋ถ„ํฌ 21 1) ์ง„์ฃผ์ง€์—ญ ์ทจ๋ฝ 22 2) ์‚ฐ์ฒญ, ์˜๋ น์ง€์—ญ ์ทจ๋ฝ 27 3) ๋‚จ๊ฐ•์œ ์—ญ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 29 3. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ์ถœํ†  ๊ณต๋ฐ˜ํ† ๊ธฐ ๋ถ„์„ 31 1) ์ง„์ฃผ์ง€์—ญ 32 2) ์‚ฐ์ฒญ, ์˜๋ น์ง€์—ญ 34 3) ๊ณต๋ฐ˜ํ† ๊ธฐ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 37 4. ์ค‘๋ณต ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ 42 1) ๋Œ€ํ‰๋ฆฌ ์–ด์€2, ์˜ฅ๋ฐฉ 3,5์ง€๊ตฌ 42 2) ๋Œ€ํ‰ ์˜ฅ๋ฐฉ 1,2,7,9์ง€๊ตฌ 42 3) ๊ท€๊ณก๋™ ๋Œ€์ดŒ, ์ƒ์ดŒ, ํ‰๊ฑฐ๋™ ์œ ์  43 4) ๊ฐ€ํ˜ธ๋™ ์œ ์  44 5) ์ดˆ์ „๋™, ์ดˆ์žฅ๋™ ์œ ์  46 6) ์‚ฐ์ฒญ ํ•˜์ดŒ๋ฆฌ, ๋งค์ดŒ๋ฆฌ ์œ ์  46 7) ์ค‘๋ณต์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 46 5. ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ฑํƒ„์†Œ์—ฐ๋Œ€ ์ธก์ • ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๊ฒ€ํ†  47 1) ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ฑํƒ„์†Œ์—ฐ๋Œ€ ๋ถ„ํฌ 47 2) ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ํ˜•์‹, ํ† ๊ธฐํ˜•์‹, ์ค‘๋ณต์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€, ํƒ„์†Œ์—ฐ๋Œ€ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 49 IV. ๋‚จ๊ฐ•์œ ์—ญ ํ›„๊ธฐ ์ทจ๋ฝ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๋ถ„ํฌ 51 1. ๋‚จ๊ฐ•์œ ์—ญ ํ›„๊ธฐ ์ทจ๋ฝ๋ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 51 1) ๋Œ€ํ‰๋ฆฌ ์œ ์  51 2) ํ‰๊ฑฐ๋™ ์œ ์  53 3) ์ดˆ์žฅยท์ดˆ์ „๋™ ์œ ์  54 4) ์‚ฐ์ฒญ ํ•˜์ดŒ๋ฆฌยท์‹ ์—ฐ๋ฆฌ ์œ ์  56 5) ๊ทธ ์™ธ ์ง€๋ฅ˜์—ญ 56 2. ๋‚จ๊ฐ•์œ ์—ญ ํ›„๊ธฐ ์ทจ๋ฝ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ™•์‚ฐ 57 3. ๋‚จ๊ฐ•์œ ์—ญ ์ทจ๋ฝ GIS ๋ถ„์„ 59 1) GIS ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 59 2) ์ „๊ธฐ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ GIS ๋ถ„์„ 62 3) ํ›„๊ธฐ I๊ธฐ ์ทจ๋ฝ GIS ๋ถ„์„ 63 4) ํ›„๊ธฐ II๊ธฐ ์ทจ๋ฝ GIS ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ 65 V. ๋‚จ๊ฐ•์œ ์—ญ ํ›„๊ธฐ ์ทจ๋ฝ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ 68 1. ๊ธฐ์กด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์  ํŽธ๋…„์•ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ทจ๋ฝ ๋ณ€์ฒœ์•ˆ 69 2. ํŽธ๋…„ ์žฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์  ์ทจ๋ฝ ๋ณ€์ฒœ์•ˆ 71 1) ์ทจ๋ฝ๋ณ„ ๋ณ€๋™ ์–‘์ƒ 71 2) ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ๋ณ€๋™ ์–‘์ƒ 74 VI. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  76 77 Abstract 79 ๋ถ€๋ก 81์„

    Studies on Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis (Report I)

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    There are studies indicating a delayed increase In the rate of hepatic biosynthesis of fatty acids in whole-body X-irradiated albino rats, as indicated by measurements of acetate-I-C 14 incorporation 1-3). And, in particular, considerable augmentation of cholesterol biosynthesis from acetate in the albino rat liver and adrenals by exposure of the animals to X-irradiation.,5) and also by injection of the detergent Triton WR 13396) have been reported. On the other hand, suppression of the biosynthetic rate was obsevred in animals deprived of food for 24 to 48 hours7. 8) or when fed a cholesterol-enriched diet 9- 13) or when administered 4-cholestenone14โ€ข15). Thus, regulation of cholesterol homeostatis in aniยท mals by variation in the rate of cholesterol biosynthesis appears to be primarily a function of the liver. It is, therefore, quite natural to expect that radiant energy absorbed in the liver tissue will no doubt cause a significant disturbance with regard to homeostasis of living cells. In addition to X-ray, the author was interested in any alteration of cholesterol biosynthesis caused by administration of ginseng extract, carbon-tetrachloride and ethyl-alcohol to albino rats. Though there are many steps not yet elucidated regarding cholesterol biosynthesis from acetate, it is postulated that three molecules of acetate combine to form branched chain intermediates of six carbon, which, in turn, yield by multiple condensationsqualen. Squalen, in a later stage, is cyclized into lanosterol which is, in turn, transformed into cholesterol. The purpose of the present investigation was to study the variation in the biosynthetic rate of cholesterol in the liver after whole-body Xvirradiauon and ginseng extract, carbon-tetrachloride and ethylalcohol administration to albino rats compared with that in normal rats by measuring the incorporation rate of acetate-LCw into a cell free homogenate of liver
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