福建省鳖病现状及防病对策

本文介绍1995—1996年对福建省主要养鳖基地进行养殖鳖病害现场调研和样品分析的结果。现场调查结果表明,我省主要养鳖地区病害情况较严重,其中沿海地区养殖中华鳖病害较闽北及闽西养鳖地区严重,1995年成活率分别为75%和60%。沿海养鳖地区最具威胁的病害是病毒性出血病和白底板病,而闽北养鳖地区养殖鳖的主要病害为真菌性白斑病。鳖病使我省养鳖业造成巨大的经济损失,已成为我省养鳖业的重要制约因素。福建省水产厅资助项

对虾口服虾康素后对一些生理指标的影响

本文对对虾口服虾康素后的血细胞密度、血液蛋白质、耐受低溶解氧能力、饲料消化能力和蜕壳频率进行测定分析。结果显示对虾血细胞密度和血液蛋白质含量均比对照组提高,其中部分组别的血细胞密度与对照组形成极显著的差异。口服药物对血液蛋白质的影响早于对血细胞密度的影响。对虾的耐低溶解氧能力在用药组也有所增强,但药物剂量增大时,耐低溶解氧能力又接近对照组。用药组对饲料的摄食强度比对照组高50%以上。而排出的粪便含蛋白质量仍比对照组低。此外,用药各组在试验过程中蜕壳尾数明显多于对照组

养殖对虾一种新杆状病毒的研究

应用超薄切片、负染色和蔗糖梯度超离心技术,在自然发病和人工感染的对虾肝、肠、淋巴样器官、鳃和肌肉组织中,发现并纯化了一种新杆状病毒.该病毒直径96~112nM,是已知对虾病毒中最粗的一种.中央是高电子密度的核心,外裹衣壳和囊膜,两膜之间有宽阔的间隙,这是已报道的任何一种对虾杆状病毒所没有的.纯化的病毒核衣壳表面有螺旋排列的亚单位,这也是本病毒特有的.主要靶细胞是淋巴样细胞,未在肝、肠和鳃上皮细胞中观察到,这与对虾杆状病毒无一例外地侵染某一种上皮细胞迥然不同.病毒仅在靶细胞核内增殖,不形成封入体或包涵体,它是一种迄今未曾报道的新病毒,称之为“淋巴样细胞核型杆状病毒”.国家“八五”科技攻关;福建省水产厅市重大科技资助项

ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION ON CYTOPATHOLOGIC CHANGES IN HEPATOPANCREA EPITHELLAL CELLS INFECTED BY MBV(PENAEUS MONODON LACULOVIRUS)

本文用改良的电镜固定液和新包埋剂制备超薄切片，在电镜下观察健康和感染MbV的肝胰腺上皮细胞的超微病理变化，结果发现感染细胞的核质中有1个或多个包涵体和大量病毒粒子。随着包涵体和MbV粒子增多，核染色质凝聚，核膜局部扩张，部份破裂，甚至完全消失，直至整个核崩解，使得MbV和包涵体游离出来。胞质水肿，内质网髓鞘样变性，滑面内质网增生，脂滴增多，线粒体绒团样变性和并发细菌混合感染。作者认为核内包涵体和病毒大量存在，并引起严重病变，可用于诊断草虾病毒病的特征性指标之一，而细菌混合感染是重要的辅助诊断指标之一。肝胰腺脂肪代谢障碍有可能影响病后草虾的正常生长。The ultrathin sections manuFactured by improved Fixative For biological samples of electron microscope and new embedding media were used to study the ultrastructure changes of the normal and MBV-inFected epithelial cells of the hepatopancreas under JEM-1200.The results indicated there was one or more intranuclear inclusion bodies and a great number of vinous in the karyoplasm of the inFected cells.As the number of inclusion bodies and vinous increased, the nuclear chromatins agglutinated and the nucleolar migrated, the nuclear membrane partially dilated, disrupted or even completely disappeared.At last, the whole nucleus would disintegrate and driFt the inclusion bodies out of the nucleus.In this periods , the oedema and necrosis of cell plasms, the myeloid deterioration of endoplasmic reticulum, the hyperplasia of agranular endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets, the down-wass-like deterioration of mitochondrias and the secondary bacterial mixed inFections also be Found in the studies.The authors consider that the large number of intranuclear inclusion bodies and MBV (existed in the karyopalsm), which caused the severe cytopathologic changes, could serve as one of the characteristic indication in diagnosing the viral disease of P.monodons.The bacterial mixed inFection is one of the important auxiliary diagnostic indication.The lipoidosis and pathologic changes of mitochondrias in epithelial cells of the hepatopancrea may have eFFects on the normal growth of the surviving P.monodons

养殖对虾一种病毒的超微结构特点

养殖对虾一种病毒的超微结构特点陈细法，吴定虎，黄槐，陈平（厦门大学抗癌研究中心，厦门市水产研究所）对虾病毒及其病毒病的研究起步较晚，1974年COuCH首次发现桃红对虾杆状病毒（bPV）以来，先后又发现了10多种养殖对虾病毒。我国台湾省已发现传染性皮..

THE COMPOSITION AND ULTRASTRUCTURE of HAEMOCYTES IN FOUR SPECIES of PENAEID SHRIMPS

本文应用电镜超薄切片技术，对中国对虾、日本对虾、长毛对虾和草虾的血细胞进行超微结构的研究，根据血细胞形态、超微结构特点，特别是胞质中特征性颗粒的大小和内部结构，区分为四类：1透明细胞，其胞质不含特征性颗粒，具有较强吞噬能力；2小颗粒细胞，其胞质含有高电子密度的小圆形颗粒和条纹状大颗粒，在对虾防御反应中起着关键性作用；3大颗粒细胞，其胞质中含有高电子密度均质大颗粒，在宿主防御反应中起着细胞协同作用；4“浆样细胞”，其胞质充满板层状糙面内质网，但不含特殊颗粒，它是否由透明细胞转化而来，尚待确证。The ultrastructure of hemocytes of Penaeus chinensis, P.japonicus, P.penicillatus and P.monodon was studied.Four Kinds of blood cells were distinguished according to their morphology, structure and the ultrastructure of granules.The hyaline hemocytes contain characteristic granules, and may be active in phagocytoses.The small-granule hemocytes which contained small rounded electrondense-granule and large striated granules may play a Key role in the immune reaction of the prawns.The large-granule hemocytes which contained large electrondense homogeneous granules may be involved in the defence of the host.The plasma-like cell which did not contain granules is brimmed with laminal rough endoplasmic reticulum.“八五”国家科技攻关项目;福建省水产厅资

Ultrastructure of A Baculovirus in P.chinensis

应用电镜超薄切片技术 ,发现中国对虾 (Penaeuschinensis)肝胰腺上皮、肠上皮和甲壳下表皮细胞质中 1种杆状病毒粒子 ,为中国对虾杆状病毒 (CBV) .该病毒直径 4 4～ 4 5nm ,长度 170～ 2 0 0nm ,中央是高电子密度的核心 ,外裹的衣壳不明显 ,但囊膜清晰可辨 ,在囊膜与核心之间有一个中宽端窄的间隙 ,本病毒仅在胞质中增殖 ,不形成包涵体 ,但形成封入体 ,它们所造成的靶细胞病理变化不明显 .With improving technique of ultrathine section of EM,we find large amounts baculovirus and their occlusion bodies in the Cytoplasm of epithelie cells of the hepatopancrea and midgut,superficial cells are P chinensis .These virion with a long of 170～200 nm and a diamenter of 44～45 nm were obtained.They are composed of envelop and nucleocapsid.The viruses only multiplicate insid the plasm of target cells,which will form occluded bodies.It is called Penaeus chinensis baculovirus (CBV).CBV infection show no serious ultropathologic changes of target cells.国家高技术研究发展计划 (86 3计划 )资助项目;; 福建省水产厅资助项

Biological Characteristics of Two Types of Crithidia bombi From Multiple InFection

应用电镜超薄切片技术，观察福建省四个主要养鳖市县现场采集的鳖出血病样品.首次发现了一种感染养殖中华鳖的球形病毒（TrIOnyXSInEnSISSPHErOVIruS，TSSV）.该病毒分布在病鳖的肺、胃、咽喉粘膜和腹甲皮层.主要靶细胞是这些组织的小血管和毛细血管的内皮细胞.TSSV粒子近球形，直径35~39nM，无囊膜包被，有的成群聚集在内皮细胞质中，有的由单位膜包裹在包涵体中.病毒感染的内皮细胞病变明显.还讨论了TSSV与出血病的关系.The biological characterstics of A and B type of Crithidia bombi From multiple inFection was analyzed.It was Found that there were variation in the number of the cell binary Fission and the time For establishment of clones between the two types.AFter 3 days of cloning,the mumber of the binary Fission were From 3 to 6 times in type A, and From 1 to 6 times in type B.For the time For establishment of clones (the cells up to 10 7/ mL in 200 μL),11 to 16 days needed For clones in type A,and 10 to 21 days are needed For that in type B.The reaults implied that there was competition between these two types under multiple inFection. It was also Found that there was variationin the body shape and size of the cells in two types and the variation could be used as anuimportant genetic marker in the dynamic studies on the competition of two types in the same host.福建省水产厅资