血流感染的耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌的分子机制及临床研究

目的探讨血流感染的耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌（CRAB）耐药机制,分析菌株同源性及患者的临床特征,为CRAB的感染控制提供实验依据。方法采用Bact/Alert 3D全自动血培养系统进行血培养,细菌鉴定和药敏使用Vitek-2 Compact全自动微生物分析系统。对2010年6月—2016年5月临床血流感染患者分离到的27株碳青霉烯类药物（亚胺培南和/或美罗培南MIC≥16μg/m L）耐药的CRAB复苏菌株,重新采用Vitek-MS质谱分析仪鉴定,采用改良Hodge试验检测碳青霉烯酶,PCR法检测B类酶基因(blaNDM、blaIMP和blaVIM)和D类酶基因(blaOXA-23、blaOXA-24、blaOXA-51和blaOXA-58)并测序比对。采用MALDI-TOF分析菌株同源性,并分析患者的临床资料及感染相关信息。结果血流感染的CRAB绝大多数对常用抗生素耐药。27株CRAB改良Hodge试验均阳性。所有CRAB均未检测到B类酶基因(blaNDM、blaIMP和blaVIM);25株CRAB同时检测到blaOXA-23和blaOXA-51;另2株CRAB则为blaOXA-58阳性。采用Vitek-MS进行同源性分析,细菌分成3大簇（Ⅰ型13株、Ⅱ型12株、Ⅲ型2株）。85.2%（25/27）患者来自重症监护病房或专科的监护病床,原发感染灶以肺部炎症最常见（11例）。所有的患者在血培养出CRAB前的30d内均有抗菌药物使用史,使用频率较高的抗菌药物有:碳青霉烯类、氟喹诺酮类、头霉素类。15例CRAB血流感染患者死亡。结论厦门地区的CRAB以D类产碳青霉烯酶OXA-23和OXA-51最为多见。CRAB血流感染的原发感染多为肺部炎症。福建省卫生联合资金面上项目(No.2016J01643

Abundance and production of bacteria and their correlations with environmental factor

以2014年8月南海北部海水样品为研究对象,利用平板计数法和流式细胞仪计数法对南海北部表层和垂直海域可培养细菌和细菌总数分布状况进行研究,对细菌; 生产力进行测定,并结合环境因子进行相关性分析。结果表明:珠江口到南海北部海域,水平方向可培养细菌总数变化范围是3.70*10~2 ~; 1.42*10~3 CFU/mL,细菌总数变化范围是5.12 * 10~5 ~1.61 * 10~6; cells/mL,细菌生产力的变化范围是0.03 ~0.40 mg/m~3/h;垂直方向上可培养细菌变化范围是1.08 *10~3 ~9.00; *10~3 CFU/mL,细菌生产力变化范围是0.01 ~0.08; mg/m~3/h,其中表层海水中的细菌生产力明显高于底层。与环境因子相关性分析表明,水平方向上,影响南海北部表层海水细菌总数和细菌生产力的主要因; 素是温度、盐度、硝酸盐(NO_3-N)、硅酸盐(SiO_3-Si)、亚硝酸盐(NO_2-N)和磷酸盐(PO_4-P)(P<0.05);垂直方向上; ,影响南海北部可培养细菌总数的主要因素是NO_2-N(P<0.05),影响细菌生产力的主要影响因素是温度和盐度(P; <0.05)。可见,南海北部表层海水中细菌总数高于可培养细菌总数2; ~3个数量级,表明该海域表层海水存在大量不可培养细菌;细菌的生命活动在海水表层相较底层更为活跃。Distribution of abundance and production of bacteria and their; correlations with environmental factor were investigated, using plate; count method and flow cytometry, in the surface and vertical waters of; the northern south China sea in August 2014. The cultivable bacterial; abundance ranged from 3.70 * 10~2 CFU/mL to 1.42 * 10~3 CFU/ mL, the; total bacterial abundance ranged from 5.12 * 10~5 cells/mL to 1.61 *; 10~6 cells/mL and the bacterial productions varied from 0.03 mg/m~3/h to; 0.40 mg/m~3/h in horizontal distribution. In vertical distribution, the; cultivable bacterial abundance ranged from 1.08 * 10~3 CFU/mL to 9.00 *; 10~3 CFU/mL and the bacterial productions varied from 0.01 mg/m~3/h to; 0.08 mg/m~3/h, respectively. The correlation analysis results showed; that the environmental factors affecting the abundance of total bacteria; and bacterial productivity included temperature, salinity,; nitrate(NO_3-N),silicate (SiO_3-Si), nitrite (NO_2-N),and phosphate; (PO_4-P) (P<0.05). NO_2-N was the main influencing factor to cultivable; bacteria abundance (P < 0.05), while bacterial productivity was highly; correlated with temperature and salinity in vertical distribution of; northern south China sea (P < 0.05). The total bacterial abundance was 2; ~ 3 orders of magnitude higher than cultivable bacteria, suggesting that; there were many uncultured bacterium in surface water of northern south; China sea and bacterial activities in the surface maybe more active than; in the bottom.全球变化与海气交互作用; 国家重点研发计划全球变化及应对专项; 海洋公益性行业科研专

新时代一流本科教育的重建(笔会)

继\"双一流\"建设正式实施,建设一流本科教育成为我国高等教育发展的又一重要任务。一流本科教育的概念具有历史性、时代性、国别性和普遍性。\"以本为本\"的提出重在强调本科教育的最基础地位、本科教学的最基本职能、本科教育的最基本特质。建设一流的本科教育首先需要有先进的教育理念,明确其基本定位、指导思想、主要内涵与实施路径。提高本科教育质量的关键在于结构化育人模式,而通过学生课程学习经历调查可以评估本科教与学的质量。在建设一流本科教育中,还要重视学业考核制度建设,推进教育评价改革,构建良好的师生关系。对于一流研究型大学,要凸显一流本科的特色,处理好本科教育与学科发展的关系。国家社科基金“十三五”规划2017年度教育学重大招标课题“‘双一流’建设背景下高校学科调整与建设研究”(项目编号:VIA170003)的阶段性研究成果;;教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“中国特色的大学内部治理结构与质量保障机制建设研究”(项目编号:18JJD880005)的阶段性研究成果;;国家社科基金(管理学)一般项目“管办评分离背景下大学社会评价体系和机制研究”(项目编号:16BGL172)的阶段性研究成果;;中国高教学会“中国高等教育改革发展重大理论实践问题研究”之“一流大学建设与一流本科教育的研究”(项目编号:2017ZD02)的阶段性研究成果

S38C车轴表层梯度材料的疲劳裂纹扩展性能研究

为研究S38C车轴表层梯度材料的疲劳裂纹扩展性能,直接从现车车轴截取试样,保持实际车轴表层具有的显微组织、硬度及其残余应力呈梯度变化的情况,采用三点弯曲加载方法,检测疲劳裂纹在硬化层、过渡层和芯部基体的扩展性能。结果表明,随着表层裂纹长度的增加,疲劳裂纹扩展速率呈现先增加后减小最后增加的趋势。通过测量不同表层深度位置的残余应力分布,发现距车轴表面深度0～3 mm内存在较大的残余应力压应力,使得疲劳裂纹扩展需要更大的驱动力,而距车轴表面深度3 mm后转变为拉应力,对疲劳裂纹扩展没有影响

Research on automatic generation algorithm of 3D printing support structure based on FDM technology

基于FDM技术的3D打印原理是靠加热的喷头挤出熔融的热丝层层堆积而成的。因此对于存在悬臂结构的模型,支撑结构的存在十分必要。为满足模型中形状复杂多变的待支撑区域,提出一种可以适用于复杂形状的树状支撑结构的生成算法。提出的算法基于STL文件模型,根据待支撑区域的特征提取出模型待支撑区域,然后在待支撑区域内由上而下依次建立树干从而生成树状支撑结构。提出的算法明显减少了支撑结构所用材料,提高了打印效率,并且便于模型和支撑结构的分离。</p

STUDIES ON TINTINNINE CILIATES IN THE TAIWAN STRAIT (CILIOPHORA:TINTINNINA)

依据壳体形态对台湾海峡南部 0～ 4 0m水层的 4 0种砂壳纤毛虫进行了观察 ,发现其中有 3新种 ,即倪氏表纹虫EpirhabdonellanieiXu ,HongetSong ,sp .nov .,网状条纹虫RhabdonellareticulataXu ,HongetSong ,sp .nov .和钝条纹虫RhabdonellaobtusaXu ,HongetSong ,sp .nov .及 17个中国新纪录种 ,同时确定新村网纹虫FavellashintsuensisNieetCheng ,194 7为一同物异名。This paper is the first report on the Tintinnine ciliates found in the Taiwan Strait. 23 Tintinnine ciliates are described according to the morphology of lorica. Of which three species are new to science: Epirhabdonella niei sp. nov., Rhabdonella reticulata sp. nov. and Rhabdonella obtusa sp. nov. Seventeen species are first records to China: Epiplocylis ralumensis, Craterella retusa, Rhabdonella cornucopia, Rhabdonella poculum, Climatocylis scalaroides, Dictyocysta reticulata, Dadayiella acutiformis, Undella ostenfeldi, U.turgida, Proplectella perpusilla, P.claparèdei, Amphorella amphora, A.qudrilineata, Parundella aculeate, Salpingella minutissima, Eutintinnus apertus, Eutintinnus stramentus. Based on the present studies, Favella shintsuensis Nie et Cheng, 1947 has been synonymised with Favella azorica(Cleve, 1900) Joergensen, 1924. Type specimens are deposited in Lugol′s Fixation in the Laboratory of Protozoology, Ocean University of Qingdao, China.1 Epirhabdonella niei Xu, Hong et Song, sp. nov. (Fig.13)\; Syn.:Protorhabdonella simplex sensu Nie et Cheng, 1947\; Diagnosis.Lorica conical, composed of a short annulated collar (circumoral crest) and a bowl; oral margin rounded, entire; circumoral crest very low, slightly contracting, with 2-3 annular rings; bowl widest at anterior 1/3 of total length and conical posteriorly; wall hyaline, with 5-6 uniformly subvertical ribs, running from nuchal shoulder to aboral end. Total length 58-61*!μm, width ca. 38\|41*!μm, oral diameter ca. 35\|37*!μm. Distribution. Specimens collected from the surface waters in the south of the Taiwan Strait and also distributed in the coastal waters of Hainan Province, China; rare. Remarks. The new species can be distinguished from the closely related species Epirhabdonella mucronata Kofoid et Campbell, 1939 by 2 to 3 annular rings of circumoral crest (vs. no annular ring). The morphology of the new species corresponds with the organism described by Nie and Cheng (1947), which was incorrectly assigned to Protorhabdonella simplex (Cleve, 1900). According to Kofoid et Campbell, (1939), Epirhabdonella differs from Protorhabdonella in addition of oral crest to circumoral region, which was present in Nie et Cheng′s population. The difference between Nie et Cheng′s and our populations only lies in the high number of subvertical ribs in the former (10 vs. 5\|6). The authors regard this as interspecies variation. The new species is therefore named in honor of the distinguished Chinese protozoologist, Dr. Nie Dashu.2 Rhabdonella reticulata Xu, Hong et Song, sp. nov. (Figs.6a, b) Syn.:Rhabdonella cornucopia sensu Souto, 1981 Diagnosis.Lorica distinctly conical vase-shaped, consisting of a bowl and an aboral horn; bowl hyaline with faint prismatic structure and striae, and expanding slightly at anterior 1/4 length of lorica, while rapidly to an aboral point in the posterior region; length of bowl about 85-100*!μm; oral rim 4-5*!μm higher than lip; ribs very faint with more than 10 in number, terminated at the joint of bowl and horn; fenestrae distinct, dense and open; aboral horn ahyaline, length of horn ca. 30-40*!μm. Total length 125-136*!μm, oral rim 45-53*!μm. Distribution. Commonly distributed at 0-30*!m depth waters in the south of the Taiwan Strait. Remarks. The morphology of the new species corresponds well with that of a population described by Souto (1981), however Souto confused this species with Rhabdonella cornucopia Kofoid et Campbell, 1929. This new species differs from the latter in the presence of distinct fenestrae, which is absent in Rhabdonella cornucopia.3 Rhabdonella obtusa Xu, Hong et Song, sp. nov. (Figs.18a, b) Diagnosis. Lorica conical cup-shaped, consisting of a bowl and an aboral horn; bowl hyaline with faint striae, and nearly equal in width at anterior 1/2 length of lorica, while gradually sharpening to an aboral point in the posterior region; oral rim 3-5*!μm higher than lip; ribs very faint and densely arranged, terminated at the joint of bowl an国家自然科学重点基金课题 (编号 4 963 62 2 0 );; 国家自然科学基金课题 (编号 4 97763 0 8)资

泵浦用大功率半导体激光器研制与应用发展状况

详尽地介绍了当前可以使用半导体泵浦的固体激光器泵浦要求，相应的半导体泵浦源的发展状况，存在的问题，最后介绍了列阵和耦合两种提高半导体泵浦源功率，改善其光速质量的方法

紫茎泽兰入侵对土壤细菌的群落组成和多样性的影响

外来生物入侵可能对生物群落结构和生态系统功能产生多种影响,但入侵植物与土壤微生物群落组成和多样性的关系尚不清楚。为了揭示外来植物紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)入侵对土壤化学性质和细菌群落组成及多样性的影响,本研究利用第二代高通量测序技术,比较了紫茎泽兰不同入侵程度的生境(本地植物群落、紫茎泽兰与本地植物混生群落、紫茎泽兰单优群落)土壤中细菌群落的差异。土壤化学性质分析表明,土壤p H值、有机质、全N和全K随着紫茎泽兰的入侵而逐渐降低,而土壤全P则在入侵程度最高的生境土壤中最高。通过测序共获得7,755个细菌OUT(operational taxonomic unit)。结果表明,紫茎泽兰入侵对土壤的细菌多样性影响较小,ACE和Chao指数在3种不同生境间的差异不显著。细菌在紫茎泽兰与本地植物混生群落中的Shannon指数最低,即细菌的多样性在中等入侵程度的生境最低。此外,紫茎泽兰入侵改变了土壤细菌组成和结构,酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)的相对丰度,从本地植物群落、混合群落到紫茎泽兰单优群落,呈现出先增加后减少的趋势。可见,紫茎泽兰入侵一定程度上改变了土壤微生物的多样性和群落结构,并改变了土壤的化学性质