76 research outputs found

    弹道靶上的跨音速实验

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    本文介绍用弹道靶作跨音速试验的新方法,在二级轻气炮上采用了二个特殊的新技术:充气放炮能发射模型达到亚音速,低充填条件能发射模型达到跨、超音速。由于初始加速度较小,发射的模型外形完整,姿态稳定;加上没有支撑干扰和小洞壁效应的优点,使弹道靶设备在跨音速实验方面有特殊的优越性,用上述技术得到了圆球跨音速流场的清晰照片,其中击波脱体距离、分离点位置、颈部宽度、尾迹形状与超音速、高超音速流动比较有明显变化。文中M≈1.010和M≈0.99的二张全流场照片是十分有意义的。最后提出一个想法,用靶场加压、降温的方法可以提高雷诺数直到10~7以上

    Investigation on Initiation and Standing Morphology in Oblique Detonation Propulsion

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    动力系统是高超声速飞行器的核心部件之一。基于扩散燃烧的超燃冲压发动机,需要较长的燃烧室和隔离段,这不仅带来了较大的结构重量也带来了较大的摩阻和热载荷。斜爆轰燃烧具有自点火、释热快、热循环效率高和燃烧稳定等特点。将其作为主要燃烧形式的斜爆轰发动机具有结构简单、燃烧室短、比冲高和燃烧稳定等优势,在高超声速吸气式推进领域具有重大应用潜力。自斜爆轰推进概念的提出(1940s)至今已有近80年,虽然取得了一定的研究进展,但是距离工程化应用还有较长的距离。这是由于斜爆轰推进中尚有一些关键技术问题未得到有效的解决。斜爆轰的形成对来流参数的变化非常敏感,因此在特定马赫数下设计的斜爆轰发动机遇到飞行速度下降时,斜爆轰波的起爆距离会急剧增大,甚至导致在燃烧室有限距离内不起爆。解决斜爆轰波的起爆问题对于拓宽斜爆轰发动机的飞行速域具有重要的意义。燃烧室内斜爆轰波-边界层作用引发的流动分离使得斜爆轰无法驻定在燃烧室内,传统的解决方案是采用溢流口,但这种方式不仅造成了比较大的流量损失,也难以工程化应用。因此解决斜爆轰波在燃烧室内的驻定问题具有重要工程意义。本文针对这两个问题进行了数值与实验研究。主要研究工作如下: 一、为实现低马赫数条件下斜爆轰波的强制起爆,以及提高斜爆轰波对来流扰动的抗干扰能力,本文提出了通过在诱导区内设置一个小鼓包来控制斜爆轰波起爆的方案,并通过数值求解二维多组分欧拉方程研究了楔面和鼓包诱导的斜爆轰波。结果表明:通过在诱导区内设置鼓包可实现斜爆轰波的提前起爆;且在较宽马赫数范围内,其起爆位置相对固定。鼓包诱导的斜爆轰波主要有强耦合和弱耦合两种起爆形式,起爆形式与鼓包和斜激波的相对位置有关。此外,来流扰动会使楔面诱导的斜爆轰流场剧烈振荡,不利于斜爆轰发动机的稳定工作;鼓包的存在对来流扰动所引发的斜爆轰波流场振荡具有一定的抑制作用。 二、斜爆轰波-边界层相互作用使流场呈现复杂的流动现象。本文通过数值模拟揭示了斜爆轰波过驱强度与燃烧室上壁面膨胀效应对流场驻定的影响规律。燃烧室中斜爆轰波的存在形式主要有以下四种:(a)不驻定,(b)过驱斜爆轰波弱解驻定,(c)过驱斜爆轰波强解驻定,(d)过驱斜爆轰波驻定。当斜爆轰波过驱强度较大,而膨胀较小时流场不驻定;过驱强度较小时,流场以弱解驻定,膨胀效应对流场结构基本无影响;斜爆轰过驱强度较大,膨胀较大时,流场出现强解驻定;过驱强度较大,膨胀角也比较大时,流场驻定,弱解强解同时出现。上壁面膨胀效应对流场的影响仅在斜爆轰波过驱强度较大时体现。 三、在JF-12复现高超声速飞行条件激波风洞中进行以液态航空煤油RP-3为燃料的斜爆轰发动机实验研究。提出并设计了强制起爆条来保证斜爆轰波的起爆成功,燃烧室内实现了两种驻定的爆轰燃烧模态:强爆轰燃烧模态和斜爆轰燃烧模态。同时进行了无强制起爆条的斜爆轰发动机对照实验,本文的实验结果表明:对于液态航空煤油,不能在无强制起爆条的燃烧室内起爆并形成斜爆轰波。</p

    浅谈中成药的合理运用

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    中成药在临床多应用于常见病和多发病,具有疗效好、服用方便、便于携带、便于保存的优点。但要充分发挥药效,又不产生毒副作用,应遵循,①根据疾病性质选择不同剂型;②根据不同剂型的特性选择药物;③便于患者服用;④中成药与西药应合理配用;⑤避免中成药的毒副反应等几条原则合理选用中成药

    directsynthesisofwsba15mesoporousmolecularsievesandtheircatalyticperformanceforepoxidationofcyclohexene

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    Tungsten-containing mesoporous molecular sieves W-SBA-15 were synthesized under conventional hydrothermal conditions in strong acidic solution using Na2WO4 or H2WO4 as tungsten source and tetraethyl orthosilicate as silicon source. The molecular sieves were characterized by means of small angle XRD, N-2 adsorption, FT-IR, UV-Vis, SEM and XRF. When only P123 (EO20PO70EO20) was used as structure directing agent, the tungsten content in W-SBA-15 was half that in gel solution. While the mixture of P123 and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was used as template, the tungsten in gel solution can be effectively incorporated into W-SBA-15. H2WO4 was more effective as tungsten source than Na2WO4. When the Si/W ratio was 40 in gel solution, the tungsten species in W-SBA-15 were highly dispersed. The W-SBA-15 materials had a high catalytic activity for epoxidation of cyclohexene

    超燃冲压发动机喷管推力性能理论预测

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    超燃冲压发动机发展60多年来,虽然取得了很大的进步,但是对其推力大小的理论评估是一个没有很好解决的问题.超燃冲压发动机的推力主要由喷管产生,因此重点研究了喷管的推力特性.将燃烧室出口参数作为喷管入口边界条件,利用等熵膨胀理论,通过对喷管壁面压力积分,得到了简化的无量纲推力公式,获得了影响推力大小的关键参数和物理规律.理论分析表明,对于给定的喷管,超声速燃烧对于提高推力是有利的.提高推力的主要途径就是提高燃烧气体的压力.理论分析结果与数值结果吻合比较好,证明了理论分析的准确性

    Experimental demonstration of forced initiation of kerosene oblique detonation by an on-wedge trip in an ODE model

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    The first free-jet experiment of a kerosene-fueled oblique detonation engine, conducted in a large-scale hypersonic shock tunnel, is reported in this paper. A novel initiation-control technique using a small on-wedge trip is proposed to overcome the initiation issue of oblique detonation waves (ODWs) encountered when liquid hydrocarbon fuel is used. The results show that the kerosene-fueled ODW fails to initiate within the length-limited combustor without the trip but is successfully initiated when the trip is used, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed initiation-control method. The feasibility of kerosene-fueled oblique detonation propulsion technology is also demonstrated. Novelty and significance statement The feasibility of liquid-hydrocarbon-fueled oblique detonation propulsion technology was demonstrated by performing free-jet shock tunnel experiments of a kerosenefueled oblique detonation engine. To address the initiation issue of oblique detonation waves encountered when liquid hydrocarbon fuel such as kerosene is used, a novel but simple initiation-control technique was proposed and experimentally validated. Stabilized oblique detonation waves were implemented in the combustor, and the detailed flow structures of different oblique detonation combustion modes were clarified. The proposed technique and the results provide significant reference to the future development of oblique detonation engines. (c) 2023 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
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