Study on the Agriculture Subsidy Mechanism in China

根据国际经验，随着一国工业化与现代化的不断推进，农业问题一般会经历由粮食问题向农业结构调整问题的转变，农业政策也会由对农业的汲取转向对农业的给予。此时，农业补贴往往是一国政府农业政策体系中最主要、最常用的工具，是支持和保护本国农业最直接、最灵便、最有效的手段，因此，农业补贴政策是绝大多数发达国家农业政策的核心。同时，这也是WTO《农业协议》所以产生，并在新一轮WTO谈判中农业补贴仍是难点的原因所在。我国当前处于工业化中期，进入了工业反哺农业的阶段，非农产业在国民经济中主导地位的确立，已经为我国的农业补贴提供了经济基础。然而，一方面，我国真正意义上的农业补贴才刚刚开始；另一方面，无论何种形式的农...Generally, it is a rule in the world that what a country pays attention to agriculture may be turn to adjustment of the agriculture structure from food safety, and turn to subsidy from levy, along with its industrialization and modernization. And then, as the most importmentant tool in one’s agricultural policy system, agricultural subsidy may efficiently, feasibly and directly support and protect...学位：经济学博士院系专业：经济学院财政金融系_财政学(含税收学)学号：B20034101

Dynamic Equilibrium of "Auction" and Choice:the Operation of Public Finance

本文运用博弈论基本知识分析了在政府这个“市场”上 ,其代理人的“拍卖”行为与民众的选择行为是如何达成均衡的 ,进而说明了在这种均衡中的淘汰与约束机制 ,最后得出公共财政得以健康运行的保障是这种治权民授的政治机制。With the help of some basic principles of game theory,the author anal yses how the "government market" reaches equilibrium and the running mechanism o f out-washing and obligation. In the end,the author concludes that the guarante e for the healthy operation of the public finance is the political mechanism of people-empowered government

财政投入作为农业制度创新的缓冲条件论析

按照联合国粮农组织的标准 ,就实现有效供给而言 ,中国的农业问题还没有解决 ;农业生产的特点及新时期我国农业面临的问题 ,说明解决农业问题具有长期性和艰巨性 ;迄今解决农业问题之举措所以受阻 ,根源于没有从根本上触动原有农业制度。制度变迁是有成本的 ,本文认为 ,只有财政才能承担起农业制度创新的成本 ,才能促成我国传统农业制度向市场经济下农业制度的变迁 ,从而从根本上解决我国的农业问题

Game Anlysis on the Formation of Public Assets and Their Operation

依据马斯洛的需求层次理论 ,通过liapnuov定理和Chebyshev不等式阐明了公共需要的存在性与显化问题 ;运用博弈论基本知识与微观经济学的分析方法 ,通过一个两阶段非合作策略性博弈模型 ,说明了公共财政是建立在政府代理人与市场主体博弈均衡结果基础之上的 ,而现实中的不均衡是博弈双方理性的利益趋向的必然结果 ;没有恒善或恒恶的政府行为人或市场主体 ,博弈的结果产生了对政府代理人的激励与淘汰机制以及对市场主体的约束机制。这种治权民授、相互约束的制度框架奠定了公共财政形成的社会基础 ,而公共财政正是在这种由不均衡到均衡的博弈过程中产生 ,并得到不断发展与完善的。Based on Maslow's neads hierarchy theory,this paper illustrates the existence and the appearance of public needs by applying the Liapnuov theorem and the Chebyshev inequity. The unthor uses a two-stage incorporation normal game model to clarify that the public finance is built based on the result of the game equilibrium between the government deputy and the market entity. In reality, the in-equilibrium is resulted from the two sides' interest-oriented instinct of the game. There isn't a eternally fierce or eternally charitable market entity and government deputy.Incentives mechanism & limitation mechanism for the government deputy,restraint system for the market entity are all results of the game.The institution of authority empowered by the people and that of inter-restraint are the social foundations of public finance. As the game is played,from in-equilibrium to equilibrium, public finance comes into being, is developed and improved

Fiscal policy: Discretion or Abide by rules

2004年10月,诺贝尔经济学奖的颁发,又一次引发了人们对财政政策时间一致性的关注,遵守规则的政策主张似乎又一次回归主流。通过比较英、美等发达市场经济国家财政政策的变迁以及通过分析政策规则与相机抉择不同的理论假设,我认为在制定财政政策时必须两者兼顾。我国现行的稳健(中性)财政政策恰恰体现了这种思想的内涵与本质。The research about the time consistency of Finn E Kydland and Edward C Prescott is attention-getting after they wined the Nobel Economic Prize in 2004.10. It seems that the rule of policy is top-dog once again at present. But, by comparing the vicissitude of the fiscal policy between the UK and the US, by analyzing the precondition of the policy rule and the discretion, it was concluded that the following principles must abide in making policy: fiscal policy aim should adjusted along with the economic change; fiscal policy shouldn't come from only some one economic theory; we should always pay attention to the public finance state; the fiscal transparent is the bedrock of continuance and reliability of fiscal policy. At the last, the neutral fiscal policy implemented in our state now was analyzed simply

On Improving the Individual Income Tax in China from the point of view of the Concepts and Systems of Taxing of the Western Countries and China

税收理念与税制设计是否相适应决定了某一税收体系是否会有效运行。本文从分析中西税收理念的差别入手 ,揭示了中西个人所得税设计上的异同 ;进而论证了在我国市场化改革的进程中 ,应如何培养公民符合市场经济要求的税收理念和完善我国的个人所得税体系 ,使之与市场经济的要求相适应。If the tax concept and system are compatible, the tax system will be working effectively. This article manifests the difference of the design in the tax system by analyzing the tax concept between China and the western countries. Furthermore, this article points out that the Chinese government should have a tax concept that meets the demand of the market economy in order to improve the tax system of China gradually

On the Influence of Fair Distribution on Current Economic Growth in China

在封闭经济中 ,投资与消费是经济增长的两个内生因素 ,积极的财政政策难以维持经济的长期、稳定、持续增长。本文结合我国储蓄不断增长的情况 ,对影响经济增长的这三个方面进行了深入分析 ,得出了解决我国当前民间投资与消费双不足的关键在于收入公平分配 ,并进而提出了具体的解决办法。In the confining economy,investment and expenditure remains to be two inner factors of economic growth,active fiscal policy can’t guarrante a long-term、steady、sustainable growth. The paper analyses three facters infacting economic growth and put forward the key way to solve the efficiency between civial investment and expenditure lies in distributing income fairly

Marginal Diminishing on Poverty-Reduction Effects of Government Spending in Rural China

中国农村的改革开放取得了巨大的成功,同时也使农村的贫困问题凸现出来;财政投资是解决农村贫困问题的有效途径,然而财政投资的效率边界也使新世纪的扶贫工作面临新的课题。本文分析了农村财政投资对减贫的作用机理,并在此基础上给出了当前农村减贫中财政投资在不同地区、项目上的合理区间和运作方式。Accompanying the success of the reform in rural area, the poverty problem is increasingly turning up. Government spending is efficient for poverty reduction in rural area. However, its efficiency limitations make it a new challenge for China to continuously reduce poverty. This article analyses the mechanism of government spending in rural area on poverty reduction effect and proposes ways that the G.A.S should be used and distributed

露天煤矿排土场不同治理模式边坡细沟侵蚀特征研究

露天煤矿新建排土场边坡土质疏松，细沟侵蚀强烈。本文通过野外实地调查，以裸坡为对照，对内蒙古永利 煤矿排土场边坡２种不同治理模式（Ａ模式－沙柳方格＋沙打旺（Ｓａｌｉｘ Ｐｓａｍｍｏｐｈｉｌａ Ｃｈｅｃｋｅｒｂｏａｒｄ＋Ａｓｔｒａｇａｌｕｓ ａｄｓｕｒｇｅｎｓ），Ｂ模式－沙柳方格）下边坡的细沟侵蚀特征进行了研究。结果表明：裸坡细沟侵蚀总量为２８３．７３ｋｇ，Ａ 和Ｂ治理模式下边坡的细沟侵蚀总量较裸坡减少４６．３６％和３５．０９％。细沟密度、割裂度和宽深比从坡顶至坡脚 的变化趋势，在裸坡上表现为减小－增大－减小，而在Ａ模式治理的边坡上均为缓慢增大，在Ｂ模式治理的边坡上 均为先增大后减小。距坡顶０～１４ｍ 处，７５％和４５％覆盖度沙打旺相比裸坡可使细沟侵蚀量降低３７．２９％～ ７０．８２％和４３．１０％～７０．３４％，二者控蚀效果基本相同；距坡顶１４～２０ｍ处，７５％覆盖度坡面细沟侵蚀量较４５％覆 盖度减小５３．３２％～６１．４９％；距坡顶＞２０ｍ处，沙打旺不能有效控制细沟侵蚀。结果可为矿区生态环境安全与可 持续发展提供科学依据。</p