95 research outputs found

    Exploration of Advanced Cultivation Mode for"Top-Notch Undergraduate Education"in Laboratory Teaching of Basic Organic Chemistry

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    近几年,为适应'拔尖创新人才培养建设项目'的新要求,基础有机化学实验教学在培养拔尖创新人才方面进行了一些有益的探索,其中成果与不足并存。本文从培养目标、培养模式、评价模式、不足之处、成效与展望5个方面,总结并探讨了基础有机化学实验中'拔尖计划'学生的进阶培养模式。2016年度教育部“基础学科拔尖学生培养试验计划”研究课题;国家基础科学人才培养基金项目(J1310024);厦门大学教学改革研究项

    “基础学科拔尖学生培养试验计划”中的有机模块化实验探索

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    近年来,我们以"拔尖创新人才培养建设项目"为平台,对基础有机化学实验教学改革进行了多方的探索。从实验的目标、模块设计、模块构建以及经验教训与展望四个方面,对"拔尖计划"有机模块化实验进行了探讨和反思。2018年“基础学科拔尖学生培养试验计划”研究课题(20180709)国家基础科学人才培养基金(J1310024

    A preliminary study on the induction of spawning by sex pheromones in Bostrichthys sinensis

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    在陶瓷人工产卵管道内吊挂性外激素的研究表明,卵巢提取液对雄鱼的吸引作用大于雌鱼,而精巢和贮精囊提取液对雌鱼的吸引作用则大于雄鱼,17α-P、17α,20β-P和PGE2对雌鱼和雄鱼均具有相似的吸引作用。雌鱼在管道内的产卵次数、产卵量以及成熟卵的受精率均与产卵管道内吊挂的性外激素种类有关,17α,20β-P和PGE2两个实验组产卵次数最多,其中PGE2实验组的产卵量和受精率最高。17α-P在贮精囊和精巢提取液中的含量显著高于卵巢提取液(P精巢提取液>卵巢提取液。卵巢提取液刺激雄鱼所引起的平均EOG高于雌鱼,而精巢和贮精囊提取液刺激雌鱼所引起的平均EOG高于雄鱼,雌鱼和雄鱼对17α-P、17α,20β-P、PGE2和PGF2α刺激所产生的平均EOG,以PGE2为最高。The results obtained from fixing sex pheromones to the inside surface of the artificial ceramic spawning nests showed that ovarian extract attracted more males than females to enter the nests, while testis extract and seminal vesicle extract attracted more females than males. 17α-P, 17α, 20β-P and PGE_2 were equally effective in attracting both females and males. Spawning frequencies and the spawned egg number of females as well as fertilization rates were related to different kinds of sex pheromones. The most spawning frequencies were found in both 17α, 20β-P and PGE_2 treated groups. The greatest spawned egg number and the highest fertilization rate were observed in PGE_2 group. The levels of 17α-P in seminal vesicle extract and testis extract were significantly higher (Ptestis extract>ovarian extract. The mean EOG, stimulated by ovarian extract, was higher in males than in females, whereas the mean EOGs, stimulated by testis or seminal vesicle extract, were higher in females than in males. The mean highest EOG of both females and males in response to 17α-P,17α, 20β-P,PGE_2 and PGF_(2α) was observed in PGE_2 group.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40276040

    五倍子废渣对小麦生长和产量的影响及施肥对其的缓解效应

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    【目的】研究五倍子废渣对小麦生长及产量的影响,并分析施肥对此影响的缓解效应,为寻求生物质加工剩余物(生物质工业废渣)的环境友好型循环利用方式提供参考。【方法】采用盆栽试验,设置0(CK),10,20,30,40,50,60g/盆7个废渣添加水平,研究在土壤中添加五倍子废渣对小麦形态指标(株高、地径)、抗氧化酶系统(过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT))、渗透调节物质、产量及其构成因素的影响,分析施肥的缓解效应。【结果】不同添加量五倍子废渣对小麦的生长表现出不同程度的抑制作用。随着废渣分解时间的延长,各处理小麦形态指标的差异性逐渐明显。随着废渣添加量的增加,小麦生长受到的抑制效应逐渐增强。随着废渣分解时间的延长,各处理CAT和SOD活性均呈先升高后降低的趋势,而POD活性则呈逐渐降低的趋势;且高剂量处理的抑制程度强于低剂量处理。随着废渣分解时间的延长,可溶性蛋白含量随着废渣添加量的增加呈下降趋势,而可溶性糖含量则呈上升趋势;到播种后88d时,各处理含量逐渐恢复至正常水平。低剂量废渣处理对小麦产量表现为促进作用,但随着废渣添加量的增加,其抑制作用逐渐增强,小麦的产量构成指标逐渐降低。施肥处理可一定程度缓解五倍子废渣对小麦生长和产量的影响。【结论】采用施肥的形式,在种植小麦的农田中添加不超过5 240kg/hm~2的五倍子废渣,对小麦生长不会产生明显的抑制作用,且废渣分解后还可发挥有机肥功能,一定程度上可实现\"生态友好型\"还田的目的。四川省“十三五”农作物育种攻关项目(2016NZ0098-10);;四川省教育厅重点项目(13ZA0246

    1978~2008年中国湿地类型变化

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    分别基于美国陆地卫星(Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+)和中巴资源卫星(CBERS-02B)影像数据,以人工目视解译为主,完成了中国1978~2008年4期(基准年分别为1978,1990,2000和2008年)湿地遥感制图,并进行了大量的室内外验证.在此基础上,对我国湿地现状及近30年来湿地变化进行了初步分析,得到以下主要结论:(ⅰ)截止2008年,中国湿地面积约为324097km2,其中以内陆沼泽(35%)和湖泊湿地(26%)为主.(ⅱ)1978~2008年,中国湿地面积减少了约33%,而人工湿地增加了约122%.过去30年里湿地减少的速度大幅降低,由最初5523km2/a(1978~1990年)降为831km2/a(2000~2008年).(ⅲ)减少的自然湿地(包括滨海湿地和内陆湿地),其类型变化由湿地向非湿地转化的比例逐渐降低.初期(1978~1990年)几乎全部(98%)转换为非湿地;在1990~2000年间减少的自然湿地约有86%转化为非湿地,而在2000~2008年,这一比例下降为77%.(ⅳ)气候变化和农业活动是中国湿地变化的主要驱动因素,湿地变化在中国分为三大不同特征区域,即西部三省/自治区(西藏、新疆和青海)、北部两省/自治区(黑龙江和内蒙古)和其他省市区.其中西部区域尤其是青藏高原,湿地变化的驱动因子以气候增温为主;新疆湿地由于气候增温和农业活动共同作用造成变化不大.北部省/自治区的湿地变化则主要由农业活动引起;而其他省市区的湿地变化几乎完全受控于人类的农业经济活动

    Simple Combustion Production and Characterization of Octahydro[60]fullerene with a Non-IPR C-60 Cage

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    1. Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surface, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 2. Xiamen Univ, Dept Chem, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 3. Xiamen Univ, Sch Life Sci, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R ChinaFor the first time an easier, operable combustion method is employed for the synthesis of non-IPR fullerene, and an octahydro[60)fullerene with a non-IPA C-60 cage (C-60 isomer C-#1809(60)) produced by combustion is isolated and characterized by MS, UV vis, IR, and NMR spectroscopies in combination with DFT calculations. This finding shows that, in addition to chlorine, hydrogen can be an ample cataloreactant for the production of non-IPR fullerene derivatives under such conditions as arc-burning and diffusion combustion.NSFC 20525103 20673088 20973137 20721001 20423002 21031004 973 projects 2007CB815301 2007CB81530

    Combustion Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of the Small Hydrofullerene C50H10

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    通讯作者地址: Xie, SY (通讯作者),Xiamen Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 地址: 1. Xiamen Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 2. Xiamen Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Dept Chem, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 3. Xiamen Univ, Sch Life Sci, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 电子邮件地址: [email protected]; [email protected] hydrofullerene C50H10 is synthesized by low-pressure benzeneoxygen diffusion combustion. The structure of C50H10 is identified through NMR, mass spectrometry, and IR and Raman spectroscopy as a D5h symmetric closed-cage molecule with five pairs of fused pentagons stabilized by ten hydrogen atoms. UV/Vis and fluorescence spectrometric analyses disclose its optical properties as comparable with those of its chloride cousin (C50Cl10). Cyclic and square-wave voltammograms reveal that the first reduction potential of C50H10 is more negative than that of C50Cl10 as well as C60, with implications for the utilization of C50H10 as a promising electron acceptor for photovoltaic applications.973 projects 2011CB935901 NSFC 21031004 21021061 2077310

    温度和盐度分层流的数值模拟

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    以N-S方程和k-ε湍流模型为基础,针对水温和盐度分层流的流动特性,考虑了浮力对紊动的影响,建立了温度和盐度分层流的k-ε模型,对同时存在温度和盐度梯度的一类密度发层流进行了数值模拟计算,其中紊动平均量控制方程中的紊动项是k-ε紊流模型计算,给出了速度、温度和盐度的分布。计算结果正确地反映了分层及紊动特征,与实测结果吻合较好

    污染物移流扩散方程的高精度分裂格式

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    提出了污染物移流扩散方程的一种高精度分裂格式,该格式将多维移流扩散方程分裂为多个一维方程进行求解,在每个方向上仅涉及三个空间节点而达取空间四阶精度。采用该格式对几个经典的纯移流、移流扩散问题进行了数值模拟,数值结果表明,该格式比经典的移流扩散方程格式的精度要高得多,此外该格式还具有编程简单、求解十分快速的优点
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