Studies on the structures and properties of electrodeposited metals and alloys

本论文在研究金属与合金电沉积添加剂的基础上，对所 得镀层的结构进行分析，以便深入了解其结构与性能关系， 提供更好的工艺条件以获得符合各种需要的镀层。应用电化学 测试技术，配合Mossbouer谱、X-射线衍射、X-光电子能 谱、紫外光电子能谱、透射电于显微镜包括电子衍射和扫描 电镜、研究高择优Zn沉积层、Zn－Fe合金、黑色sn－Ni合 金、含硫镍、Ni-Fe合金。通过电化学XRD.SEM方法，寻 找获得高择优Zn镀层的最佳溶液组成和沉积条件，探索其电 结晶机理。以无机盐KMnO4代替常用的有机物，通过控制 不同的沉积条件可得到（002)\（101）高择优且具有完整晶 格的...学位：理学博士院系专业：化学化工学院化学系_马克思主义哲学学号：MJ00001

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本文对彩色铬膜层进行xps分析,发现彩红铬膜层的主要成分为Cr203和Cr；金黄膜层的主要成分是Cr203。CrP04和Cr蓝铬膜层的主要成分是Cr203,Se和Cr。文中还对铬膜层的显色原因进行讨论：可以认为在O2-配位体的作用下，Cr203中Cr3+Sd轨道电子迁以及膜层厚度不同使格膜层呈现彩红色；而膜层中包含。CrPO04和Se是铬膜层分别显现金黄色和蓝色的主要因素，此外，通过循环伏安。恒电位。恒龟流及扫描电流等实验，对Cr03还原机理进行研究。结果表明，Cr03还原至Cr(lll)是分步进行的，反应中间产物与电极作用形成(M一0一Cr(*））化合物，它可进一步还原为金属Or.........学位：工学硕士院系专业：化学化工学院化学系_物理化学(含化学物理)学号：YHL00000

Studies on the Existence and Stability of Hexagonal Structure Nickel in Electrodeposited Ni

对由含糖精的WATTS液得到的镍镀层（含硫镍）和WATTS镍镀层（无硫镍）进行透射电镜观察及选区电子衍射实验，结果表明无硫镍镀层呈粒状结构，晶粒尺寸在100~500nM之间，属面心立方结构；含硫镍镀层为层状结构，层间距在700~1500nM之间，每层又由许多宽约200~300nM的小层组成，晶粒尺寸约20~30nM，大部分属面心立方结构，在层与层交界处发现有少量六方结构镍晶体，差示扫描量热法实验表明，在约180℃左右六方结构镍转化为更稳定的面心立方结构。SulFur-containing Ni and sulFur-Free Ni deposits have been studied by means of transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diFFraction.The results showed that sulFur-Free Ni deposit is of grainy structure, the grain size is about l00-500 nm and the structure is FCC, and sulFur-containing Ni deposit is of laminated structure, the layer thickness is about 200-300 nm, the gain size is about 20-30 nm.Besides FCC Ni,a hexagonal structure Ni is also Found between the layers in the sulFur-containing Ni deposit.The diFFerential scanning calorimetry experiment of the Ni deposits showed that the hexagonal structure Ni would be transFered into more stable FCC Ni at near l80℃.国家自然科学基

平衡支架与配重铅块的激光焊接方法

本发明公开了一种平衡支架与配重铅块的激光焊接方法，具体为：采用激光作为焊接能量，将配重铅块焊接到平衡支架的设定位置上。本发明平衡支架与配重铅块的激光焊接方法，利用激光能量密度高，热影响区小，可控性好，焊接过程中构件热变形小的特点，实现平衡支架和配重铅块的焊接，提高平衡支架与其配重铅块的连接可靠性

Electrodeposition of Zn Deposits with Highly PreFerred Orientation

采用电沉积方法，在含kMnO4的znSO4溶液中，通过控电位和控电流，得到高择优取向的（0002）和（1011）zn沉积层.用X射线衍射技术和扫描电子显微镜进行表征.结果表明这种高择优取向的zn沉积层与相应的zn单晶具有相似的Xrd图，且具有比较完整的晶体结构，几乎不存在位错应力；还通过阴极极比曲线讨论了形成高择优取向zn沉积层的可能原因.Zn deposits with(0002)and(1011)highly preFerred orientation were obtained in the solution of 0.8 mol/L ZnSO4,0.5 mol/L H2SO4 and 4.0×10-4 mol/LKMnO4 by controlling tlie deposition potential or current.The deposits with highly preFerred orientation were studied by X-ray diFFraction and scanning electron microscope.The results showed that tl1e diFFraction patterns of the deposits with(0002)and(1011)highly preFerred orientation were very similar to tlie corresponding patterns of Zn single crystals.But there were little disloction stresses in the deposits.The eFFort was made to explain the reason For the deposits with highly preFerred orientation From the polarization curve of the solution.国家自然科学基

一种激光同轴熔覆送粉头

本发明提供了一种激光同轴熔覆送粉头，包括可组配在一起的外筒壁、内筒壁、冷却水腔、送粉嘴外圈及送粉嘴内圈，送粉嘴外圈和内圈分别由若干片周向对称分布，各自相互搭接的外活动支板和内活动支板组成，送粉嘴内圈和外圈构成周向封闭的锥形送粉嘴；外活动支板和内活动支板通过铰链分别与外筒壁和内筒壁相连；外活动支板与内活动支板之间设有联动机构，可使外活动支板能够带动内活动支板围绕铰链做相应转动；送粉头还设有能够调节外活动支板与外筒壁轴线夹角的支板调节装置。本发明能在不拆卸各种管路的情况下达到改变粉末流的汇聚点和粉末浓度分布的目的

一种分层式气缸头

本发明公开了一种分层式气缸头，包括：气缸头基体和火力面层，火力面层通过紧固件可拆卸安装在所述气缸头基体的端面，所述火力面层与所述气缸头基体端面之间形成密封配合；在所述火力面层上开设有气门座。本发明通过设置独立的火力面层，且在火力面层上设置气门座，当气门座磨损后，只需更换火力面层即可修复，克服了镶嵌式气门座圈易脱落、布置对空间要求高，及整体式汽缸头，一旦缸头上某个气门座处材料磨损超出使用要求后，需要更换整个气缸头的缺陷。对内燃机的高功率、小型化具有积极的意义

Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Transient Temperature Field and Coating Geometry in Powder Feeding Laser Cladding

针对送粉式激光熔覆的特点,基于生死单元法建立了一种可以同时计算瞬态温度场及熔覆层几何形貌的三维数值模型,模型中考虑了送粉过程中激光能量的衰减和粉末颗粒的温升。基于该模型对送粉式激光熔覆过程中的温度场分布和几何形貌特点进行了分析。结果表明,在熔覆开始较短时间后,工件的瞬态温度分布与熔覆层几何形貌基本保持稳定。进行了不同送粉速率下的送粉式激光熔覆试验,对比了熔覆层横截面几何形貌的试验结果和计算结果,熔覆层表面轮廓线与试验结果基本保持一致,熔覆层的宽度、高度和熔深与试验结果基本吻合,说明了所建立的激光熔覆层几何形貌计算模型的有效性和可靠性

Establishment of New Research System to Combine Electrochemistry and Electron Spectroscopy and the Investigations of SurFace Chemical States of Pt/Biad Electrode

固/液界面电化学体系与超高真空电子能谱双向转移及其研究系统的建立和对PT/bI_（Ad）电极表面化学状态的研究孙世刚，陈声培，陈宝珠，徐富春，薛国庆，林文锋，葛福云（厦门大学固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室、化学系、物理化学研究所、科学仪器系，分析测试？..A new research system,which allows samples to be transFerred rapidly and without contamination between electrochemical environment and ultra-hight-vacuum chamber,has been set up recently.This system is of interest to combine investigations on structure and proporties of solid surFace at both solid/liquid and solid/gas interFaces.The prelimiary study of Pt/Biad electrode at levels of chemical environment and electronic structure demonstrated the success of the system established.The XPS data indicate that two oxidation states of Bi adatom existe on Pt/Biad electrode surFace.The present results give new interpretation of the promoting mechanism of Bi adatom in electrocatalysis.国家自然科学基

ELECTRODEPOSITION OF ZN DEPOSITS WITH HIGHLY PREFERRED ORIENTATION

Zn deposits with (0002) and (10 $($) over bar 11) highly preferred orientation were obtained in the solution of 0,8 mol/L ZnSO4, 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 and 4.0X10(-4) mol/L KMnO4 by controlling the deposition potential or current. The deposits with highly preferred orientation were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, The results showed that the diffraction patterns of the deposits with (0002) and (10 $($) over bar 11) highly preferred orientation were very similar to the corresponding patterns of Zn single crystals, But there were little disloction stresses in the deposits. The effort was made to explain tile reason for. the deposits with highly preferred orientation from the polarization curve of the solution