Migration of carbon nanotubes from liquid phase to vapor phase in the refrigerant-based nanofluid pool boiling

The migration characteristics of carbon nanotubes from liquid phase to vapor phase in the refrigerant-based nanofluid pool boiling were investigated experimentally. Four types of carbon nanotubes with the outside diameters from 15 to 80 nm and the lengths from 1.5 to 10 μm were used in the experiments. The refrigerants include R113, R141b and n-pentane. The oil concentration is from 0 to 10 wt.%, the heat flux is from 10 to 100 kW·m-2, and the initial liquid-level height is from 1.3 to 3.4 cm. The experimental results indicate that the migration ratio of carbon nanotube increases with the increase of the outside diameter or the length of carbon nanotube. For the fixed type of carbon nanotube, the migration ratio decreases with the increase of the oil concentration or the heat flux, and increases with the increase of the initial liquid-level height. The migration ratio of carbon nanotube increases with the decrease of dynamic viscosity of refrigerant or the increase of liquid phase density of refrigerant. A model for predicting the migration ratio of carbon nanotubes in the refrigerant-based nanofluid pool boiling is proposed, and the predictions agree with 92% of the experimental data within a deviation of ±20%

Experimental Investigations on Interaction of Two Drops by Thermocapillary-Buoyancy Migration

Experiments were performed, in a terrestrial environment, to study the migration and interaction of two drops with different diameters in matrix liquid under temperature gradient field. Pure soybean oil and silicon oil were used as matrix liquid and the drop liquid, respectively. The information on the motions of two drops was recorded by CCD camera system in the experiments to analyze the trajectories and velocities of the drops. Our experiments showed that, upon two drops approaching each other, the influence of the larger drop on the motion of the smaller one became significant. Meanwhile the smaller drop had a little influence on the larger one all the time. The oscillation of migration velocities of both drops was observed as they were approaching. For a short period the smaller drop even moved backward when it became side by side with the larger one during the migration. Although our experimental results on the behavior of two drops are basically consistent with the theoretical predictions, there are also apparent differences. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Thermocapillary migration; Drop; Interaction; Oscillation 1. Introduction A bubble or drop will move when placed in another fluid with temperature gradient. This motion happens as a consequence of the variation of interfacial tension with temperature. Such a phenomenon is already known as Marangoni migration problem. With the development of microgravity science, bubble dynamics and droplet dynamics became a hot point problem of research because this investigation is very important for basic research as well as for applications in reduced gravity environment, such as space material science, chemical engineering and so on. Young et al. first investigated the thermocapillary migration o

Influences of refrigerant-based nanofluid composition and heating condition on the migration of nanoparticles during pool boiling. Part II: Model development and validation

The objective of this study is to propose a model for predicting the migration characteristics of nanoparticles during the refrigerant-based nanofluid pool boiling. In establishing the present model, the departure and rising processes of bubble, as well as the movement of nanoparticles in the liquid-phase are firstly simulated; then the capture of nanoparticles by bubble and the escape of nanoparticles from the liquid-vapor interface are simulated; finally, the migration ratio of nanoparticles is obtained by flotation theory combining the analysis on the boiling process. The proposed model can predict the influences of nanoparticle type, nanoparticle size, refrigerant type, mass fraction of lubricating oil, heat flux and initial liquid-level height on the migration of nanoparticles. The migration ratio of nanoparticles predicted by the model can agree with 90% of the experimental data of within a deviation of +/- 20%, and the mean deviation is 12.1%. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved

关于“经济发展方式转变进程中的财税政策”的探讨(笔谈)

转变经济发展方式是当前中国的热门话题,而上海在城市发展中又肩负着率先转变的重要任务,在这一意义和背景下,2010年4月24日由上海金融学院学院主办、上海金融学院公共经济管理学院承办的“《中国城市财政发展报告2009/2010:促进‘两个中心’建设的上海城市财政》首发式暨‘经济发展方式转变进程中的财税政策’论坛“在我校举行。与会专家围绕经济发展方式转变进程中的财税政策的“趋势与目标“、“机遇和挑战“、“实施方略“和“地方实践“等四个专题进行研讨,各抒己见,智慧交锋。现将其真知灼见整理摘要与读者分享,以期待更多学者共同关注当前经济发展方式转变进程中的财税政策

The application of manufacturing execution system based on real-time authorized license control technology

针对加工制造行业MES(Manufacturing Execution System,制造执行系统)的软件版权控制、并发用户数控制、软件版本(试用版、正式版、软件租赁)控制等问题,本文研究了一种基于实时授权的企业级软件License控制方法,并将该方法应用在采用面向服务架构(SOA—service oriented architecture)的MES中。本文将就其中的关键模块--License控制模块进行详细阐述,并对系统的实现和应用效果进行介绍

气泡热毛细迁移的空间实验研究

分析了搭载于中国第 22颗返回式卫星上气泡热毛细迁移的实验结果. 考虑到液池上部存在未被排出的气泡, 首先通过 6 个测温点的温度数据, 并结合数值模拟的方法对温度场进行了修正. 单个气泡热毛细迁移的数据显示本次实验的Ma数范围达到98.04～9288, 极大地扩展了国际上实验获得的Ma数的上限. 并获得多组双气泡迁移相互作用位移、速度曲线. 通过分析双气泡热毛细迁移时相互影响的实验结果, 证实了热毛细迁移中小气泡被大气泡超越时会引起小气泡迁移速度的降低, 在两气泡半径比比较大的情况下, 小泡迁移可能会出现短暂的停滞

Application of PIVT to study temperature and velocity field due to the thermocapillary motion of single drop

在地面实验中,使用粒子图像测速测温(Particle Image Velocimetry and Thermometry, PIVT)技术测量了单滴热毛细迁移时液滴周围同时刻的速度场和温度场.选用密度相近的豆油和硅油作为实验系统的母液和液滴.实验结果表明单滴周围的温度场扰动不同于线性理论预测的随到液滴距离的平方成反比,而是距离一次方成反比,这是由于重力引起的浮力效应造成的,地面实验中重力作用不能忽略

微燃烧透平发电系统的研制及性能测试

研制了一种基于布雷顿热力循环（Brayton cycle）的微燃烧透平发电系统，其关键部件微透平运用VC＋＋6．0和Object ARX工具二次开发AutoCAD设计而成，直径14mm，由电火花加工工艺（EDM）制造。介绍了系统的结构设计、制造、集成过程及关键技术。对系统的冷态和热态性能进行了测试，获得最N62000r／min的转速，17．2V的线电压，1．35W的电功率以及1．12％的热电转化效率。阐述了微燃烧透平发电系统中的基本科学问题，为进一步研究指明了方向

Migration Characteristic of Spherical Nanoparticles from Liquid to Vapor Phase during Refrigerant/Nanolubricant Mixture Boiling

为了评估纳米制冷剂的沸腾传热效果以及球形纳米颗粒在制冷系统中的循环能力,采用称重法实验研究了纳米制冷剂沸腾中气/液相间球形纳米颗粒的迁移特性,重点考察球形纳米颗粒种类和粒径、制冷剂种类、润滑油浓度、热流密度和初始液位高度对球形纳米颗粒迁移特性的影响.结果表明:球形纳米颗粒迁移率随球形纳米颗粒密度或粒径的减小而增大;制冷剂的动力学黏度越小、密度越大,其在完全蒸发时的球形纳米颗粒的迁移率越大;球形纳米颗粒的迁移率随润滑油浓度的增大而减小,随热流密度的增大而减小,随初始液位高度的增加而增大

Manufacturing management system-oriented high-efficiency large-scale event detection and handling method

本发明提供了面向制造行业管理系统的大规模事件侦测与处理方法，事件的触发方式有多种模式，包括基于侦测消息的事件触发、基于侦测设备参数的事件触发等；事件触发后按照指定的逻辑对事件进行处理，将事件的处理结果发布到事件订阅端；本发明方法采用分布式软件技术，将事件侦测与处理模块多节点部署，每个节点承担不同的事件处理任务，能够有效均衡各节点的负载，实现了实时、高效的大规模并发事件的侦测及处理，事件从产生到响应能保证在毫秒级，使生产管理者及时了解生产中的报警、物料状态、设备状态等信息，有效提高了生产的效率，降低了生产成本