31 research outputs found

    Genomic Insights into the Formation of Human Populations in East Asia

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    厦门大学人类学研究所、厦门大学生命科学学院细胞应激生物学国家重点实验室王传超教授课题组与哈佛医学院David Reich教授团队合作,联合全球43个单位的85位共同作者组成的国际合作团队通过古DNA精细解析东亚人群形成历史。研究人员利用古DNA数据检验了东亚地区农业和语言共扩散理论,综合考古学、语言学等证据,该研究系统性地重构了东亚人群的形成、迁徙和混合历史。这是目前国内开展的东亚地区最大规模的考古基因组学研究,此次所报道的东亚地区古人基因组样本量是以往国内研究机构所发表的样本量总和的两倍,改变了东亚地区尤其是中国境内考古基因组学研究长期滞后的局面。 该研究是由王传超教授团队与哈佛医学院(David Reich教授)、德国马普人类历史科学研究所(Johannes Krause教授)、复旦大学现代人类学教育部重点实验室(李辉教授和金力院士)、维也纳大学进化人类学系(Ron Pinhasi副教授)、南洋理工大学人文学院(Hui-Yuan Yeh助理教授)、俄罗斯远东联邦大学科学博物馆(Alexander N Popov研究员)、西安交通大学(张虎勤教授)、蒙古国国家博物馆研究中心、乌兰巴托国立大学考古系、华盛顿大学人类学系、台湾成功大学考古所、加州大学人类学系等全球43个单位的85位共同作者组成的国际合作团队联合完成的。厦门大学人类学研究所、厦门大学生命科学学院细胞应激生物学国家重点实验室为论文第一完成单位。厦门大学人类学研究所韦兰海副教授、胡荣助理教授、郭健新博士后、何光林博士后和杨晓敏硕士参与了研究工作。The deep population history of East Asia remains poorly understood due to a lack of ancient DNA data and sparse sampling of present-day people1,2. We report genome-wide data from 166 East Asians dating to 6000 BCE-1000 CE and 46 present-day groups. Hunter-gatherers from Japan, the Amur River Basin, and people of Neolithic and Iron Age Taiwan and the Tibetan plateau are linked by a deeply-splitting lineage likely reflecting a Late Pleistocene coastal migration. We follow Holocene expansions from four regions. First, hunter-gatherers of Mongolia and the Amur River Basin have ancestry shared by Mongolic and Tungusic language speakers but do not carry West Liao River farmer ancestry contradicting theories that their expansion spread these proto-languages. Second, Yellow River Basin farmers at ~3000 BCE likely spread Sino-Tibetan languages as their ancestry dispersed both to Tibet where it forms up ~84% to some groups and to the Central Plain where it contributed ~59-84% to Han Chinese. Third, people from Taiwan ~1300 BCE to 800 CE derived ~75% ancestry from a lineage also common in modern Austronesian, Tai-Kadai and Austroasiatic speakers likely deriving from Yangtze River Valley farmers; ancient Taiwan people also derived ~25% ancestry from a northern lineage related to but different from Yellow River farmers implying an additional north-to-south expansion. Fourth, Yamnaya Steppe pastoralist ancestry arrived in western Mongolia after ~3000 BCE but was displaced by previously established lineages even while it persisted in western China as expected if it spread the ancestor of Tocharian Indo-European languages. Two later gene flows affected western Mongolia: after ~2000 BCE migrants with Yamnaya and European farmer ancestry, and episodic impacts of later groups with ancestry from Turan.We thank David Anthony, Ofer Bar-Yosef, Katherine Brunson, Rowan Flad, Pavel Flegontov,Qiaomei Fu, Wolfgang Haak, Iosif Lazaridis, Mark Lipson, Iain Mathieson, Richard Meadow,Inigo Olalde, Nick Patterson, Pontus Skoglund, Dan Xu, and the four reviewers for valuable comments. We thank Naruya Saitou and the Asian DNA Repository Consortium for sharing genotype data from present-day Japanese groups. We thank Toyohiro Nishimoto and Takashi Fujisawa from the Rebun Town Board of Education for sharing the Funadomari Jomon samples, and Hideyo Tanaka and Watru Nagahara from the Archeological Center of Chiba City who are excavators of the Rokutsu Jomon site. The excavations at Boisman-2 site (Boisman culture), the Pospelovo-1 site (Yankovsky culture), and the Roshino-4 site (Heishui Mohe culture) were funded by the Far Eastern Federal University and the Institute of History,Archaeology and Ethnology Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; research on Pospelovo-1 is funded by RFBR project number 18-09-40101. C.C.W was funded by the Max Planck Society, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 31801040), the Nanqiang Outstanding Young Talents Program of Xiamen University (X2123302), the Major project of National Social Science Foundation of China (20&ZD248), a European Research Council (ERC) grant to Dan Xu (ERC-2019-ADG-883700-TRAM) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (ZK1144). O.B. and Y.B. were funded by Russian Scientific Foundation grant 17-14-01345. H.M. was supported by the grant JSPS 16H02527. M.R. and C.C.W received funding from the ERC under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant No 646612) to M.R. The research of C.S. is supported 30 by the Calleva Foundation and the Human Origins Research Fund. H.L was funded NSFC (91731303, 31671297), B&R International Joint Laboratory of Eurasian Anthropology (18490750300). J.K. was funded by DFG grant KR 4015/1-1, the Baden Württemberg Foundation, and the Max Planck Institute. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry radiocarbon dating work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (BCS-1460369) to D.J.K. and B.J.C. D.R. was funded by NSF grant BCS-1032255, NIH (NIGMS) grant GM100233, the Paul M. Allen Frontiers Group, John Templeton Foundation grant 61220, a gift from Jean-Francois Clin, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. 该研究得到了国家自然科学基金“中国东南各族群的遗传混合”、国家社科基金重大项目“多学科视角下的南岛语族的起源和形成研究”、厦门大学南强青年拔尖人才支持计划A类、中央高校基本科研业务费等资助

    武汉东湖渔业增产试验效果及水体生物生产力

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    <正> 东湖位于武汉市武昌东郊,由郭郑湖、汤林湖、庙湖、牛巢湖等多个湖区组成,总面积为4万7千多亩。郭郑湖、汤林湖为东湖渔场经营的湖区,按生产计算为2万2千亩。由于有生活污水流入,湖水中营养元素丰富,总氮

    保安湖浮游物和颗粒有机碎屑现存量及季节变动与渔业生产

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    1987年3月至1988年3月对保安湖所属大湖和桥墩湖浮游物和颗粒有机碎屑现存量作了测定。浮游物平均干重、无灰干重和颗粒有机碎屑量大湖分别为337.6、127.7和96.9t;桥墩湖分别为100.5、50.3和40.2t。浮游物和颗粒有机碎屑现存量具有明显的季节变动。黄丝草、聚草和苦草的碎屑分解对浮游物的形成起着重要的作用。用浮游物碳量估算鲢鳙鱼产潜力大湖为12.3kg/亩;桥墩湖为11kg/亩

    大水面渔业资源可持续利用与保护

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    报道了建国50 年来我国大水面渔业所取得的成就和渔业科技的作用以及环境恶化和人为干扰对大水面渔业的影响,从加强大水面渔业资源管理、促进养殖业结构调整和生物操纵等角度探讨了我国大水面渔业资源可持续利用的途

    鲢、鳙在天然条件下的摄食强度 (Ⅰ) 鲢、鳙鱼种在夏季的摄食强度

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    测定鲢(Hypophthalmichthy molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)鱼种在天然条件下肠管饱满度指数与水温及溶解氧的关系,在实验条件下鱼的排空率。根据修正后的Bajkov公式(D=C24·A/n)估计鱼的日摄食量。两种鱼在天然条件下具昼夜摄食节律,它们的摄食高峰在下午16—19时,低谷在清晨4—7时。鲢日粮为其体重12.81—23.08%;鳙为8.91—14.63%。它们的摄食强度随溶解氧的升高而加强,反之则下降

    论鲢、鳙对微囊藻的消化利用

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    1980年—1985年7—8月在水温30℃,溶氧8mg/L以上,pH值7—8,光照度2800lx的限制摄食量条件下,鲢、鳙鱼种对微囊藻干物质的消化率分别为29.45±4.37、26.07±2.15%;蛋白质消化率分别为39.20±3.44、33.71±2.93%;脂肪消化率分别为34.03±5.38、30.29±2.16%;碳水化合物消化率分别为36.61±4.15、30.39±2.81%。鱼种对微囊藻日需量分别为其体重的54.44和60.53%。鱼的生长与其生活水体中藻类的初始浓度有密切关系:(1)藻

    主成分分析方法在鲢鱼种生长体征指标分析中的应用

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    <正> 鱼类的生长是一个复杂的过程。生长时不单长度增长、体积增大,还伴随着体内生理状况的变化,生长不仅表现为种的遗传性,而且受到环境因素的影响。鱼类生长过程中的特点通常用个别体征指标,如长度、重量的变化来描述,体高则很少考虑到(陈佩熏等,1965;,1953,1972;1959),其实不论从哪一指标来反映都不全面。鱼体生长随着时间的推移,不仅长度增长、重量增加,而且鱼体的高度也增大,它们各自的增长不是孤立的,而是相互之间存在着某种内在联系,并且每种鱼类的这种联系都有自己的特点。采用体征的多指标变化来描述

    湖北浮桥河水库悬浮物的季节变化

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    1998—1999年按季度对湖北浮桥河水库悬浮物进行采样和分析.浮桥河水库悬浮物现存量干重平均为9.991mg/L,有机碎屑是水库悬浮物的主要组成部分,占93.22%,浮游生物仅占6.78%.悬浮物的无灰重为3.45mg/L,其中有机碎屑无灰重的比例占85.54%,浮游生物无灰重占14.46%.悬浮物碳为1.539mg/L,其中有机碎屑碳占81.46%,浮游生物碳占18.54%.浮桥河水库悬浮物氮、磷含量分别为0.257mg/L和0.0143mg/L,其中有机碎屑氮、磷分别为0.200mg/L和0.0072mg/L;浮游生物氮、磷分别为0.057mg/L和0.0071mg/L.悬浮物可作为判断水库营养类型的指标,同时也可用来估算水库滤食性鱼类的鱼产潜力

    2P3R型机器人运动学及工作空间分析

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    针对目前企业中存在的人工打磨大型船用螺旋桨叶面效率低、质量不均匀以及工人劳动强度大等问题,提出了一种用于加工大型船用螺旋桨叶面的2P3R型5自由度工业机器人,建立了其完整模型。将末端执行器考虑在内,采用改进D-H法建立了机器人正运动学数学模型并求得其正运动学方程。基于蒙特卡罗法,在Matlab环境下,利用机器人工具箱对机器人工作空间进行求解,描绘出该机器人末端刀具可达工作空间点云图。通过曲面拟合与空间包容对比,结果表明,所设计的2P3R型5自由度工业机器人能够实现对直径4~10 m的大型船用螺旋桨单个桨叶上表面的全部覆盖,为后续对大型螺旋桨加工机器人的运动控制与路径规划等研究奠定了基础
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