Studies on the cultivation of all-female in Mugil cephalus

研究了性腺未分化年幼鲻鱼 ,通过口服不同剂量的 17β -雌二醇控制其雌性化。研究结果表明 ,高剂量组被诱导为全雌鲻鱼 ,低剂量组雌性率达 90 % ,而对照组则为雄鱼。雌性性分化早于雄性。 17β -雌二醇在肌肉和胃肠道残留量低 ,残留时间短The paper was to investigate the control of sexual differentiation by oral administration of varying doses of 17β estradiol(E 2) in juvenile grey mullet, Mugil cephalus with sexual undifferentiation. The results indicated that the grey mullets in the high dosage group were induced to be all female, and 90% of the juvenile grey mullets in the low dosage group differentiated into female. The control group differentiated into all males. Sexual differentiation into females occured significantly earlier than in males. The residue level and residue time of 17β estradiol were low and short in the muscle and gut of grey mullets.福建省重中之重资助项目 (全雌鲻鱼培育的研究

A study of substance metabolism and nutritional requirment in larvae of Scylla serrata

本文借助气相色谱分析仪、氨基酸自动分析仪和以及其他生物化学方法，较详细地研究了不同发育时期锯缘青蟹幼体的蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物含量，脂类组成、脂肪酸组成与氨基酸组成，首先发现影响幼体存活率的关键因素是幼体饵料中n-3高度不饱和脂肪酸22:6(DHA)；测定分析和对比在不同生理条件下（饥饿和摄食），青蟹幼体蛋白质和脂类的代谢变化及特点，脂组成可作为表征幼体生理状态的指标；通过营养强化实验，找到了提高青蟹幼体饵料营养价值的有效方法，对今后提高青蟹育苗成活率将有指导作用。主要研究结果如下： 1.锯缘青蟹整个蚤状幼体期（Z1?Z5）的蛋白质、脂类含量和能量值都逐渐增加。变态后的大眼幼体（M）蛋白质...The content of protein、lipid and carbohydrate,lipid composition, fatty acid composition and amino acid composition were investigated in detail in the Scylla serrata larvae of different development stages,using gas chromatograph,automatic amino acid analyzer,and other biochemical methods.The key factor that had influence on larval surivival rate was the n-3 highly unsaturate fatty acid 22:6(DHA)in...学位：理学博士院系专业：海洋与环境学院海洋学系_海洋生物学学号：que00004

Nutritional enrichment to the diet of larval Scylla serrata

用酵母、小球藻、鱼油强化和豆油强化四种不同方式培养轮虫，再分别投喂锯缘青蟹幼体。分析测定轮虫和幼体的生化组成，结果显示，（１）不同方式培养的轮虫之间以及摄食这些轮虫的锯缘青蟹幼体之间的蛋白质含量都没有显著差异；（２）轮虫的脂类含量和脂肪酸组成与培养方式密切相关。小球藻轮虫的脂类含量最高，２０：５ｎ－３（ＥＰＡ）占总脂肪酸的比例也最高，为１８．０５％。鱼油轮虫则含有最多的２２：６ｎ－３（ＤＨＡ），占总脂肪酸３．１６％，脂类含量仅次于小球藻轮虫；（３）锯缘青蟹幼体的脂类含量和脂肪酸组成受相应饵料营养成分的影响。另外，幼体培育实验也发现，饵料营养成分影响幼体的存活率。结果表明，提高轮虫的ＥＰＡ和ＤＨＡ含量，尤其是ＤＨＡ含量，将有利于锯缘青蟹幼体的存活和发育。 【英文摘要】 The rotifers (Brachionus plicalis) were cultivated with four different conditions, fed with yeast (Sacharomyces cerevisiae), the algae (Chlorella sp.), enriched with emulsified preparation of fish oil or soybean oil, and then were fed to larval Scylla serrata. The biochemical composition of rotifers and larvae were examined. The results showed that: (1) There were no significant difference in protein content among rotifers cultivated by different condition and among larvae reared by these rotifers with diff...福建省科技项目（重中之重项目）资

Nutritional requirement for lipid in larvae of mud crab, Scylla serrata

应用气相色谱仪和其他生化方法测定了锯缘青蟹幼体发育各发育期及其饵料轮虫和卤虫无节幼体的总脂含量、脂类组成和脂肪酸组成,为了解锯缘青蟹幼体的脂营养需求提供一些资料.结果表明,蚤状幼体的脂类含量随着发育逐渐增加,变态为大眼幼体后明显减少,说明幼体变态时对脂类有较高的营养需求.磷脂和胆固醇是幼体的脂类基本营养需求,轮虫和卤虫无节幼体基本上能满足幼体对饵料磷脂和胆固醇的需求.幼体的主要脂肪酸有16∶0,18∶1和20∶5n-3.在幼体发育过程中,高度不饱和脂肪酸20∶4n-6(AA)和20∶5n-3(EPA)的含量保持稳定,22∶6(DHA)则逐渐减少.笔者认为,饵料中DHA含量不足是影响幼体存活、发育和变态的关键因子之一. 【英文摘要】 Total lipid content, lipid classes and fatty acid composition in larvae of mud crab, Scylla serrata, and their diets, rotifer Brachionus plicalis and nauplii of Artemia were investigated by gas chromatograph and other biochemical methods to get some information on the nutritional requirement for lipid in Scylla serrata larvae. Total lipid content (percentage of dry weight)increased gradually during zoeal larvae stages, but decreased notably at megalopa stage, indicating a higher nutritional requirement for ...福建省重中之重科技资助项目

Effect of Starvation on the Biochemical Composition of Scylla serrata Larvae

【中文摘要】 对锯缘青蟹 (scyllaserrata)刚孵化幼体在饥饿状态下生化组成的变化进行分析测定 ,为合理投饵和提高青蟹早期幼体的成活率提供理论依据 .研究发现 :1)饥饿幼体同时动用蛋白质和脂类作为能量来源 ,且以脂类为主 .当幼体饥饿超过 1.5d ,脂类储存就已接近匮乏 ;2 )饥饿的幼体明显地保留高度不饱和脂肪酸 2 0∶4n 6和 2 0∶5n 3(EPA) ,而 2 2 :6n 3(DHA)的保留程度很低 ,饱和脂肪酸 16∶0、单不饱和脂肪酸 16∶1和 18∶1是主要的供能脂肪酸 ;3)在饥饿状态下 ,幼体蛋氨酸和亮氨酸的比例略为升高 ,脯氨酸的比例有所降低 ,其他氨基酸的比例基本不变 .上述结果表明 ,应尽早投喂富含 2 2∶6n 3(DHA)的高脂食物 ,以保证早期幼体的生长发育 ,提高幼体成活率 【英文摘要】 In this paper, the change of the biochemical composition in just-hatched larvae of Scylla serrata under the condition of starvation was analyzed, which may provide theoretical proof for feeding and increasing the survival rate of larvae at early development stage. The results showed that protein and lipid were all mobilized as compensation of energy expenditure by larvae during starvation, with lipid as the main substance and preferentially utilized. When starvation exceeded 1.5 days, no more lipid reserves were available. Under the condition of starvation , the highly unsaturated fatty acids 20∶4n26 and 20∶5n23 ( EPA) were conserved clearly , but 22∶6n23 (DHA) scarcely. Saturated fatty acid 16∶0 and mono unsaturated fatty acid 16∶1 and 18∶1 were utilized as ener2 gy source. The amino acid composition , on the whole , was rather stable except some alterations took place in methionine and leucine whose proportions rose , while the proportion of proline declined. These data suggest that a diet with high level of lipid and 22∶6n23 (DHA) should be given to the crab larvae earlier in supporting the de2 velopment and survival of Scylla serrata through the early larval period.福建省重中之重项目 (福建省海洋生物优良种质和生物活性物质的应用基础研究 )资

Evaluation of nutritive value of protein source in diets of larval mud crab, Scylla serrata

【中文摘要】 本文分析测定了锯缘青蟹幼体从刚孵化至大眼幼体各发育阶段及其饵料轮虫和卤虫无节幼体的氨基酸组成 ,并使用必需氨基酸指数 (EAAI)来评价饵料蛋白质的质量 .结果表明 ,青蟹各期幼体的氨基酸组成基本趋于一致 ,且与饵料转换不存在明显的相关性 .对于各期幼体 ,饵料轮虫和卤虫无节幼体的必需氨基酸指数均大于 90 ,可以认为 ,轮虫和卤虫无节幼体能够满足锯缘青蟹幼体对饵料中必需氨基酸的营养需求 . 【英文摘要】 This paper analysed the amino acid composition in larval mud crab, Scylla serrata , from zoea I to megalopa, and their diets, rotifer and nauplii of Artemia . An essential amino acid index ( EAAI ) was employed to evaluate the nutritive value of the protein source in diets. The results indicated that amino acid composition of different larval stages was basically stable, and had no obvious correlation with the change of diets. The values of EAAI in rotifer and nauplii of Artemia were all above 9...国家自然科学基金!项目资助 (39870563

Effect of Starvation on the Biochemical Composition of Scylla serrata Larvae

对锯缘青蟹 (scyllaserrata)刚孵化幼体在饥饿状态下生化组成的变化进行分析测定 ,为合理投饵和提高青蟹早期幼体的成活率提供理论依据 .研究发现 :1)饥饿幼体同时动用蛋白质和脂类作为能量来源 ,且以脂类为主 .当幼体饥饿超过 1.5d ,脂类储存就已接近匮乏 ;2 )饥饿的幼体明显地保留高度不饱和脂肪酸 2 0∶4n 6和 2 0∶5n 3(EPA) ,而 2 2 :6n 3(DHA)的保留程度很低 ,饱和脂肪酸 16∶0、单不饱和脂肪酸 16∶1和 18∶1是主要的供能脂肪酸 ;3)在饥饿状态下 ,幼体蛋氨酸和亮氨酸的比例略为升高 ,脯氨酸的比例有所降低 ,其他氨基酸的比例基本不变 .上述结果表明 ,应尽早投喂富含 2 2∶6n 3(DHA)的高脂食物 ,以保证早期幼体的生长发育 ,提高幼体成活率 【英文摘要】 In this paper, the change of the biochemical composition in just-hatched larvae of Scylla serrata under the condition of starvation was analyzed, which may provide theoretical proof for feeding and increasing the survival rate of larvae at early development stage. The results showed that protein and lipid were all mobilized as compensation of energy expenditure by larvae during starvation, with lipid as the main substance and preferentially utilized. When starvation exceeded 1.5 days, no more lipid reserves...福建省重中之重项目 (福建省海洋生物优良种质和生物活性物质的应用基础研究 )资

AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF THE EARLY OOGENESIS IN STRIPED MULLET, MUGIL CEPHALUS

用电子显微镜技术观察鲻鱼早期卵子发生进入第一次成熟分裂前期联会丝复合体期、粗线期、双线期和网状期卵原细胞和初级卵母细胞生发泡和胞质的超微结构特点。在联会丝复合体期，生发泡内同源染色体配对，联会丝复合体中央出现重组节。胞质中不同发育类型的核仁样体及其相关线粒体的分布及其数量可作为划分鲻鱼早期卵子发生各个时期的依据。另外，首次观察到靠近膜细胞有一种不规则形细胞，推测是分泌成熟抑制肽细胞。Ultrastructural characteristics of oogonia and primary oocyte in the synaptonemal complexes, pachytene, diplotene and dictyate stages of the first meiotic prophase of striped mullet in the early oogenesis were observed hr using transmission electron microscopy. Two homologous chromosomes pair within the germinal vesicle(GV) and recombination nodules occurred at the central region of synaptonemal complex during synaptonemal complex stage. The distribution and number of different types of nucleolus-like bodies and related mitochondria in the cytoplasm of oocyte might differentiate each stage of early oogenesis in striped mullet. In addition, we observed for the first time that there was an irregular cell close to the theca cell and we guessed secretory mature inhibiting pep-tide.福建省重中之重资助项

A histological study on spermatogenesis of grey mullets, Mugil cephalus

本文报道用组织学方法研究了不同季节鲻鱼的精巢结构和精子发生过程 .结果表明 ,鲻鱼精巢属于叶状结构 .根据精子发生的特点 ,分为 5个时期 :精原细胞增殖期、初级精母细胞期、次级精母细胞期、精子形成期和精子成熟期 .依雄性鲻鱼精子发育和成熟的季节来看 ,厦门鲻鱼繁殖季节为每年 1 1～ 1 2月 ,系一次性排精类型 .文中详细描述各级生精细胞的特征 ,并讨论了Sertoli细胞在精子发生中的生理作用During the different seasons, the testicular structure and process of spermatogenesis in grey mullets were investigated using histological methods in this paper. The results indicate that the testis of grey mullets belongs to lobular structure. According to the characteristics of spermatogenesis, the development of testis was divided into five stages: the multiplicative spermatogonia stage, primary spermatocyte stage, secondary spermatocyte stage, spermatogenesis stage and mature sperm stage. According to the development and mature seasons of sperm of male fish, we suggested that the reproductive season of grey mullets in Xiamen is from November to December every year, and is once released type. In addition, the characters of spermatogenic cell in each stage were discribed in details and the physiological function of Sertoli cell during spermatogenesis was discussed in this paper.[WT5F1]福建省重中之重资助项