Ultrastructure of Vicia Fava Pollen Germination in Vitro

用扫描电镜和透射电镜研究蚕豆花粉体外萌发的超微结构，绝大多数花粉具远近极双孔沟，沟中有一花粉孔.花粉外壁覆盖层呈特异的细皱网纹，外被嗜锇性物质.花粉孔口仅由花粉内壁构成.当花粉萌发时，精细胞胞质、核内可见成束微管，胞内偶见微丝样结构.生长的花粉管顶端含絮状物质小泡和顶端管外细胞壁纤维构成有密切相关.ultrastructural cvents of Vicia Fava pollen germination were studied by SEM and TEM.Under SEM, most of the spheroidal Vicia Fava pollengrains have the characteristic of two anacatacolp orate in which the germinal ectoaperture is located.The surFace ornamentation of grain posseses special rugulosus coated with osmiumphiled sporopollenin obesrved by TEM.The ectoaperture is covered only with intine.During pollen germination, there are microtuble bundles in the cytoplasm and nucleus of generative cell.Microfilament like structure also occurs in the cytoplasm.There appears to be an close association between the vesicles contained coarse Floss material and the Fibrillar structure coated in the browing tube tip

Assisted Selecting Parents of Hybrid Combination Based on SSR Polymorphism

Corresponding author, zjhym@ public.xm.f j.cn[中文文摘]本研究利用 6 0对SSR引物对籼稻品种佳辐占与 6个候选亲本品种进行相互之间的多态性分析。结果表明 :佳辐占与明恢 6 3之间的多态性程度最高 ,达到 2 2 7% ;其次是与明恢 86之间的多态性程度 ,达 19 6 % ,而与其他品种的多态性程度较低。多态性程度高的品种间的杂交组合 ,其杂种优势明显高于多态性程度低的品种间的组合。初步表明 ,根据SSR多态性程度的高低选配亲本 ,其配制杂交组合可以获得较高的杂种优势。[英文文摘]In this research, the authors attempt to select the parents for hybrid combinat ion by using SSR polymorphism. Indica rices, Jiafuzhan and other six candidate parents, were employed to be detected and analyzed DNA polymorphism by using sixty pairs of SSR primers. It showed that the degree of polymorphism between Jianfuzhan and Ming hui 63 was highest , it reaches 22.7%, and of that between Jianfuzhan and Minghui 86 ranks the second, it reaches 19.6% . it is lower of the degree of polymorphism between Jiafuzhan and other 4 variet ies. The heterosis of the combinat ion w as according to the degree of polymorphism between parents, the higher polymorphic degree betw een parent s the hig her heterosis the combinat ions. The results showed that it was feasible to select the parents of hybrid combinat ions based on SSR polymorphism for evaluat ing the heterosis of the hybrid combinations

QTL Mapping, Epistasis and Environmental Effects Analysis for Rice Chalkiness Trait

水稻的垩白性状是当前限制中国稻米品质提升的最主要因素.研究垩白形成机理及遗传特性,将有利于提高育种中垩白性状的改良效率.本课题组先前构建了广陆矮; 4号/佳辐占重组自交系(GJ RIL)及遗传图谱.本研究连续2年在上杭县和龙海市两地共种植6季GJ; RILs,据各季垩白性状表型数据进行遗传分析,结合遗传图谱进行QTL定位、上位性分析和环境效应分析.遗传分析发现垩白粒率和垩白度呈偏态分布,推测; 垩白性状受主效基因与微效基因共同影响.QTL定位中,垩白粒率获得3个QTLs,qPGWC2、qPGWC4和qPGWC5,遗传贡献率分别为2.84; %、3.74%和14.09%;垩白度获得3个QTLs,qDEC1、qDEC4和qDEC5,遗传贡献率分别为2.96%、4.88%和7.79%.上; 位性分析中,垩白粒率和垩白度分别获得7对和5对上位性QTLs,贡献率为0.23%~3.55%.RM307~RM518区间内同时检测到垩白粒率和垩; 白度的QTLs,并参与了垩白粒率和垩白度的上位性互作.RM598~RM5140区间内也同时检测到垩白粒率和垩白度的QTLs,也参与了垩白度的上位; 性互作.环境效应分析发现,垩白度的3个QTLs及~eqDEC10和~eqDEC9这对上位性QTLs均与2010年早季龙海种植环境发生显著或极显著; 的互作效应.Rice (Oryza sativa L.) chalkiness is the most important limiting factor; for currently improving rice quality in China. Studying rice chalky; formation mechanism and hereditary character will be helpful for; increasing the efficiency of the improvement of chalky quality in; breeding. A Guanglu'ai No.4/Jiafuzhan recombinant inbred line(GJ RIL); was developed and its genetic map was constructed previously by our; research group. In this study, the genetic analysis of rice chalkiness; was carried out basing on the chalky phenotyping data of GJ RIL from a; total of 6 growth seasons of two different locations, Shanghang county; and Longhai city, in two consecutive years. Then the QTL mapping,; epistasis and environmental effects of chalkiness were studied by using; these phenotying data and the genetic map. The genetic analysis; indicated that percentage of grains with chalkiness (PGWC) and degree of; endosperm chalkiness (DEC) showed skewness distribution, suggesting that; chalkiness trait was affected by both major and minor genes together. In; QTL mapping, three PGWC QTLs, qPGWC2, qPGWC4 and qPGWC5, were detected,; which explained 2.84%, 3.74% and 14.09% of the genetic variation,; respectively. Three DEC QTLs, qDECl, qDEC4 and qDEC5, were mapped, which; explained 2.96%, 4.88% and 7.79% of the genetic variation, respectively.; In QTL epistasis analysis, 7 and 5 pairs of epistasis QTLs for PGWC and; DEC were identified respectively, and their contribution rates ranged; from 0.23% to 3.55%. The RM307~RM518 interval harbored the PGWC and DEC; QTLs, which were involved in epistatic interaction of PGWC and DEC; respectively. The RM598~RM5140 interval also harbored the PGWC and DEC; QTLs, which also participated in epistatic interaction of DEC.; Environmental effect analysis showed the three DEC QTLs (qDECl, qDEC4; and qDEC5) and a pair of epistatic QTLs between ~eqDEC10 and ~eqDEC9 all; exhibited significant or very closely significant interaction effects; under the environmental conditions in early season at Longhai city of; Fujian province in 2010.福建省中青年教师教育科研项目; 厦门大学中央高校科研基本业务

Raise of the Frequency in Green-shoot-formation for Rice Anther Cultivation

福建省水稻攻关课题基金 (K790 81);; 厦门市科委科技发展项目 ( 3 5 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 10 4

优质稻“佳禾1号”及栽培

优质稻“佳禾1号”及栽培邱思密，王侯聪，陈如铭，杨觉民厦门大学生物系（361005）佳禾1号是我系水稻育种组于1987年春以［Ir60x（E94x风选4号）f5x7l3为组合进行杂交，经系统选育于1991年秋育成的籼稻品种（系）。1993年，全省试种..

Pollen Tube Behaviour of Interspecies Hybridization between Rice and Sorghum Observation

水稻和高粱是禾本科的两个异属作物,因其遗传距离较远,杂交表现不亲和,结实率极低,难以获得种子。为初步了解水稻与高粱属间远缘杂交花粉管行为,探索该远缘杂交的发生过程,本实验以籼稻珍汕97A×珍汕97B和Ⅱ-32A×Ⅱ-32B两个组合为对照,对珍汕97A×晋江多枝高粱和Ⅱ-32A×晋江多枝高粱两个属间远缘杂交组合的花粉管行为作初步的观察与研究,结果表明:晋江多枝高粱花粉粒能象水稻花粉粒一样在水稻柱头上正常萌发,花粉管在花柱及子房中生长与伸长,有些能最终到达子房的基部;同时高梁花粉管生长也出现诸如不能进入花柱、胼胝质不规则堆积、花粉管末端钝化等一系列的异常表现,致使不少花粉管停滞生长。Rice and Sorghum belongs to different genus. Distant hybridization bet ween them becomes incompatible because of their further genetic distance. In ord er to detect the process of distant hybridization and the behavior of pollen tub es in the process, we conducted primary observation and research of the behavior of pollen tubes between two hybridization combinations of Zhenshan97A×Jinjiang duozhi sorghum and Ⅱ-32A×Jinjiangduozhi compared with that of Zhenshan97A×Zhe nshan97B and Ⅱ-32A×Ⅱ-32B. The results showed that the pollen of Jinjiangduozh i sorghum can germinate on the rice stigma normally just as rice's pollen. The p ollen tubes also can grow and elongate on the style and ovary, some can reach th e base of the ovary eventually. Meanwhile, the pollen tubes of sorghum present a series of abnormal phenomenon, such as pollen tubes unable to enter into the st yle, callose depositing irregularly and the bottom of pollen tubes getting passi vated, which brings about many pollen tubes stagnate

Studied the difference of genetic feature between tissue cultured and cultivated paddy rice of Jia He Zao Zan via microsatellite(SSR) markers

株高是水稻重要的农艺形状之一,植株过高将导致倒伏和减产,目前,很多新的技术究被用来鉴定,图位克隆与水稻株高相关的基因及机理的研究,本实验选择优质早籼稻佳禾早占种植苗和经过组培获得的矮化突变水稻为材料,为研究比较它们间的遗传物质上差异,根据康耐尔大学的资料设计了311对SSR引物对佳禾早占种植材料和组培材料进行分析,对两种材料进行PCR多态性扩增,结果发现两者间存在多态性的引物有88对,多态性比例达到30.3%。在矮杆材料中不但验证了已报道的11个与调控株高性状基因相连锁的标记连锁群,同时在第3号染色体和第9号染色体上还获得了两个以前基本未有报道的标记集中分布区域。结果说明,该培养基培育出的佳禾早占水稻后代所表现出的矮杆性状与亲本在遗传物质上确有明显差别。该结果有助于挖掘和定位新的矮杆基因,并有利于今后在水稻育种中进行水稻株高性状的控制,同时也为开展矮化性状机理的研究提供有利的实验材料。Plant height is one of the important agronomic traits of rice.Overhigh plant easily led to lodge and reduce output.Recently,great advances have been made in the identification,mapping,cloning and action mechanism of plant height genes in rice.This present paper selected the tissue cultured and cultivated paddy rice of Jia He Zao Zan(J.H.Z.Z) as experimental object,which were significant different on the height,the tissue cultured plant was only less than half height of the cultivated plant.In order to compare their differences of genetic and determine whether there are relationship between the dwarf gene and the dwarf character of tissue cultured plant,Polymorphism analysis was conducted between them by 311 pairs of rice SSR primers,designed by Cornell University,the result indicated that 88 pairs of primers had polymorphism between two kinds of materials,the ration in total primers was about 30.3%,the experimental result not only verified 11 multiple groups which regulate the height gene,but also obtained two group regions which control the dwarf character on chromosome 3 and chromosome 9,which have not been reported previously,these results will help to explore and determine the situation of new dwarf gene,and will be of benefit to act genetic manipulation of plant height of in rice breeding.These results also provided the evidence for studying the mechanism of dwarf.国家863项目(2002AA211091),(20001AA11091);; 厦门大学细胞生物学和肿瘤细胞工程教育部重点实验室开放基金资助(NO:2005108)资

RAPD Studies of Parents of Three-Line Hybrid Rice

选用9个随机引物对31份杂交水稻亲本材料进行了rAPd分析，共检测到60条多态性带。聚类分析结果表明，所有供试材料可以被明确地区分。在9个随机引物中，有8个具有较高的多态性检测能力。以这8个引物为基础，选用任两个引物即可在任一对材料中检测出多态性的频率在9613%以上，而选用任3个引物则该频率在9921%以上。这显示了运用rAPd鉴定稻种具有简便、灵敏、高效的优点，在鉴定杂交稻种的实践中有着良好的应用前景。Seven rice male sterile lines, 12 maintainer lines and 12 restorer lines were analyzed by RAPD with 9 primers Altogether, 118 fragments were generated, of which 60 detected polymorphisms among rice lines tested.Cluster analysis showed that all lines could be uniquely distinguished by at least one RAPD marker.Eight of nine primers can detect high polymorphism.The frequencies of polymorphism in any pairs of lines would be higher than 96.13% when any two of the 8 primers were used.If any three of the 8 primers were used, the frequencies would be higher than 99.21%.The eight primers were therefore recommended as candidates for the identification of hybrid rice seeds.国家水稻基因组计划;农业部重点项

Major QTLs Mapping and Analysis for Rice Grain Chalkiness and Grain Shape Traits

本研究用珍佳b(佳辐占/珍汕97b//珍汕97b的回交重组自交系f11,即bC1f11)x珍汕97b的f2群体,对稻米粒长、粒宽、长宽比、粒厚和垩白粒率性状进行遗传分析与QTl定位。结果表明,粒宽、长宽比、粒厚和垩白粒率均属于由多基因控制的数量性状,而粒长受一个主效基因控制。共检测到13个控制糙米粒长、粒宽、长宽比、粒厚和垩白粒率的QTlS。其中,在第3号染色体着丝粒附近rM16-rM411区间同时控制粒长、粒宽、长宽比和粒厚性状,遗传贡献率分别为49.8%、12.6%、39.3%和5.3%;在第5号染色体着丝粒附近rM7118-rM3683区间同时控制垩白粒率、粒宽、长宽比和粒厚性状,遗传贡献率分别为43.9%、44.5%、28.0%和15.0%;同时,在rM169-rM289区间也同时控制垩白粒率、粒宽、长宽比和粒厚性状,但各性状的遗传贡献率均较rM7118-rM3683区间的小。The F2 population was derived from the cross ZS97B (Zhenshan97B)×ZJB (ZhenjiaB) which was the backcross recombinant inbred line from Jiafuzhan×ZS97B.Based on the F2 population, the genetic analysis and QTL mapping of grain appearance quality traits, included grain length, grain width, grain shape (grain length-width ratio), grain thickness and PGWC (percentage of grain with chalkiness), was conducted.Grain width, grain shape, grain thickness and PGWC, belonged to the quantitative trait inheritance.But grain length showed the polygenic inheritance with a major gene.13 QTL associated with grain appearance quality traits were detected in this study.RM16-RM411 located in the pericentromeric region of rice chromosome 3 could explain 49.8%, 39.3%, 12.6%, 5.3% of the phenotypic variation, respectively, for grain length, grain shape, grain width and grain thickness.RM7118-RM3683 located in the centromeric region of rice chromosome 5 was associated with PVE (phenotypic variation explained) of 43.9%, 44.5%, 28.0% and 15.0%, respectively, for PGWC, grain width, grain thickness and grain shape.In addition, another pleiotropic QTL located between RM169 and RM289 on rice chromosome 5 was associated with less PVE for PGWC, grain width, grain thickness and grain shape than RM7118-RM3683.福建省科技创新平台建设计划项目(2007N2005);福建省科技重大专项(2008NZ0001);福建省自然科学基金项目(2011J01249);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2010121088);厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20083003)共同资