Studies of Quantitative Traits Genetics and Breeding of Small Abalone, Haliotis diversicolor

本文以杂色鲍为研究对象，从选择育种及遗传参数的估计、杂交育种及杂种优势的利用和基因型与环境的互作三个方面阐述杂色鲍数量性状遗传与育种方面的研究。主要研究结果如下： 1．两个杂色鲍群体的歧化选择及选择效应：采用歧化选择法对两个杂色鲍群体的壳长进行了双向选择。群体A(台湾群体♀×日本群体♂)经过一代选择，上选组和下选组的生长速度较对照组分别提高和降低了12.79%和15.20%，选择效果十分显著。群体B(台湾群体♀×台湾群体♂)上选组和下选组的生长速度较对照组分别提高和降低了4.58%和5.95%，选择效果较不显著。A群体上选组和下选组壳长的现实遗传力平均值分别为0.396±0.074和0.48...In this research, quantitative tratis genetics and breeding of small abalone Haliotis diversicolor were studied in three parts: selective breeding and estimation of genetic parameters, crossbreeding among different geographically populations and genotype ×environment interaction. The main results are as follows: 1. Divergent selection for shell length in two stocks of small abalone Divergent ...学位：理学博士院系专业：海洋与环境学院海洋学系_海洋生物学学号：2112005140317

Heterosis analysis on crossbreeding between different populations of small abalone Haliotis diversicolor

杂色鲍(HAlIOTIS dIVErSICOlOr)是中国南方主要的鲍养殖种类,近年来“东优1号“杂色鲍因较高的成活率优势已在产业上得到越来越广泛的推广养殖。该研究采用3x3完全双列杂交的方式,对杂色鲍“东优1号“群体、杂色鲍古雷群体和杂色鲍越南群体3个群体自繁与杂交后代的养殖性能进行跟踪,并对其杂种优势进行评估。结果表明,3个群体自繁后代的生长速度和成活率上存在显著差异(P<0.05),同时3个组合的生长速度与成活率的双亲杂种优势率值均不高,且2个单亲杂种优势率值之间有显著差异(P<0.05)。Small abalone Haliotis diversicolor is an important cultivable species in Southern China.A new variety,Dongyou No.1,is now widely cultured because of its high survival rate.We conducted a 3×3 complete diallel cross between three populations of small abalone H.diversicolor,which were Dongyou No.1,Gulei and Vietnam.During the crossbreeding,we compared the six reciprocal cross lines and three parental lines in terms of growth rate and survival rate at grow-out stage,and analyzed their heterosis.Significant difference in shell length and survival rate had been found,which indicated a potential genetic difference between the three populations(P<0.05).The magnitudes of heterosis was not high,and differed within the cross lines,for both positive and negative values could be observed.Moreover,the two single-parent heterosis were significantly different from each other(P<0.05).国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2012AA10A412); 国家自然科学基金项目(31101896); 科技部星火计划项目(2011GA720001); 福建省科技计划项目(2011N0033;2011J05095

FACTORS AFFECTING THE FERTILIZATION SUCCESS IN LABORATORY HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN HALIOTIS DISCUS HANNAI AND HALIOTIS GIGANTEA

In this study, effects of sperm concentration and gamete age on fertilization success of Haliotis discus hannai (D) X H. gigantea (G) were investigated. Results showed that the fertilization rates of heterologous crosses H. discus hannai female x H. gigantea male (DG) and H. gigantec female X H. discus hannai male (GD) were consistently lower than those of homospecific groups H. discus hannai female x H. discus hannai male (DD) and H. gigame female X H. gigantea male (GG). In sperm concentration experiments, the sperm concentrations that yielded maximum fertilization rates with the least abnormality in subsequent development were 4.66 X 10(7) sperm/mL for the DG cross and 2.6 x 10(7) sperm/mL for the reciprocal cross GD. In gamete age experiments, the optimal fertilization rates were achieved in heterologous crosses when freshly spawned ova were fertilized with sperm that were released within 0.5 h. Furthermore, in heterospecific crosses, when ova were fertilized 10 min after being spawned, fertilization rates declined significantly with increasing ova age. It is suggested to use fresh gametes and higher sperm concentrations for hybridization between H. discus hannai and H. gigantea

GENETIC CORRELATIONS TO MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF SMALL ABALONE HALIOTIS DIVERSICOLOR

A total of 241 samples of small abalone (Nation's diversicolor) from 8 full-sib families of market size were used in this experiment. Shell length (X-1), shell width (X-2), shell height (X-3), apex height (X-4), body weight (Y-1), muscle weight (Y-2), and shell weight (Y-3) were measured, and the correlation coefficient matrix was calculated. The shell shape traits were used as independent variables, then body weight and muscle weight were used as dependent variable for path analysis. Path coefficients, determination coefficients, and correlation index were calculated. The results showed that correlation coefficients between each shell shape trait and body weight, muscle weight, and shell weight were all significant (P < 0.01). For the 4 shell morphological traits, body weight (Y-1) had the highest correlation coefficient with shell length (X-1), and muscle weight (Y-2) had the highest correlation coefficient with shell width (X-2). The results of high correlation index would be useful for selecting important growth-related traits in genetic breeding program of small abalone

南北接力养殖对皱纹盘鲍营养成分的影响研究

鲍的南北接力养殖是我国的一种常见养殖模式，旨在提高南方鲍鱼在夏季的存活率。鲍鱼通常在4月份从中国南方运至北方，11月返回南方。本研究旨在探讨这种模式对皱纹盘鲍营养成分的影响。测定方法主要依据GB 5009系列。研究样品于2017年12月采样，为相同饵料喂养（龙须菜）的商品鲍。两组鲍分别为全年于南方养殖（连江）的皱纹盘鲍和南北接力养殖的皱纹盘鲍。研究结果表明，两组鲍足肌中灰分、胶原蛋白、粗脂肪和糖原含量并没有显著差异，但南北接力组（水分：76.50%WW，蛋白质48.40%DW）相比于全年于南方养殖组（水分：73.70%WW，蛋白质：56.80%DW）有较高的水分含量和更低的蛋白质含量。矿物质含量方面，全年于南方养殖的皱纹盘鲍（0.07mg/100g）足肌中硒的含量高于 “南北接力”养殖组（0.05mg/100g）。呈味氨基酸方面，“南北接力”养殖方式下的皱纹盘鲍，其足肌谷氨酸、牛磺酸、精氨酸、赖氨酸和呈味氨基酸总量显著低于全年南方养殖组。脂肪酸方面，两组鲍有相似的脂肪酸组成，但南北接力养殖组的脂肪酸营养价值较高。综合分析认为，南北接力养殖模式对皱纹盘鲍的营养成分既有积极影响，又有消极影响，但总体上看差别并不显著

南北接力养殖对皱纹盘鲍营养成分的影响

鲍的南北接力养殖是我国的一种常见养殖模式,旨在提高南方鲍鱼在夏季的存活率。鲍鱼通常在4月份从中国南方运至北方,11月返回南方。本实验探讨了这种模式对皱纹盘鲍营养成分的影响。测定方法主要依据GB 5009系列。研究样品于2017年12月采样,为相同饵料喂养(龙须菜)的商品鲍。两组鲍分别为全年于南方养殖(连江)的皱纹盘鲍和南北接力养殖的皱纹盘鲍。结果发现,两组鲍足肌中灰分、胶原蛋白、粗脂肪和糖原含量并没有显著差异,但南北接力组(水分:76.50%WW,蛋白质48.40%DW)相比于全年于南方养殖组(水分:73.70%WW,蛋白质:56.80%DW)有较高的水分含量和更低的蛋白质含量。矿物质含量方面,全年于南方养殖的皱纹盘鲍(0.07 mg/100g)足肌中硒的含量高于南北接力养殖组(0.05 mg/100 g)。呈味氨基酸方面,南北接力养殖方式下的皱纹盘鲍,其足肌谷氨酸、牛磺酸、精氨酸、赖氨酸和呈味氨基酸总量显著低于全年南方养殖组。脂肪酸方面,两组鲍有相似的脂肪酸组成,但南北接力养殖组的脂肪酸营养价值较高。研究表明,南北接力养殖模式对皱纹盘鲍的营养成分既有积极影响,又有消极影响,但总体上看差别并不显著。国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0901400)国家自然科学基金(U1605213)福建省科技重大专项科技重大专项(2016NZ0001)现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-49)福建省海洋生物资源开发利用协同创新中心产学研基金(FJMBIO1506)~

ALLOGYOGENETIC PROGENY ARE PRODUCED FROM A HYBRID ABALONE CROSS OF FEMALE HALIOTIS DIVERSICOLOR AND MALE HALIOTIS DISCUS DISCUS

Interspecific hybrid families of female Haliotis diversicolor X male H. discus discus were produced and analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technology to reveal the genetic makeup of F1 progenies. The survival rates of the hybrid F1 were very low, ranging from 0-0.13%. Twenty hybrid F1 from 3 families along with 3 different female parents and their common male parent were analyzed with 3 AFLP primer combinations. In total, 266 markers were detected. Genetic relationships among the progenies and the parents were evaluated by generating a similarity and genetic distance matrix. The genetic divergence between Haliotis diversicolor and Haliotis discus was at a high level, with genetic distance ranging from 1.471-1.492. The AFLP band patterns of hybrid F1 progeny were similar to those of the female parents, but were quite different from that of the male parent. The mean genetic distance between hybrid F1 and their female parents were 0.024-0.039, slightly less than that among the female parents, which indicates that the hybrid F1 shared high genetic similarity with their female parents, Haliotis diversicolor. However, 0-0.8% of total AFLP bands of each individual were found to be parental bands, and 0-3.3% were found to be nonparental bands. The possible reason for the presence of paternal-specific and nonparental bands is discussed

HERITABILITY OF GROWTH TRAITS FOR SMALL ABALONE HALIOTIS DIVERSICOLOR ESTIMATED FROM SIB MATINGS

Twelve half-sib groups and 36 full-sib groups of small abalone Haliotis diversicolor were obtained by the unbalanced nest design using artificial fertilization of 3 females by each male. Heritabilities of growth-related traits were estimated from postlarva to market size at days 10, 40, 120, 220, 320, and 420. The estimated heritabilities based on sire components for shell length and shell width were 0.15-0.37 and 0.18-0.42, respectively. Heritability estimate for shell length and shell width based on dam component were larger than those based on sire component. The results in the current study indicate that genetic improvement through selective breeding conducted on small abalone might be available and would be an efficient method to obtain a positive response to selection

AFLP ANALYSIS OF POPULATIONS OF HALIOTIS DISCUS HANNAI, HALIOTIS GIGANTEA, AND THEIR HYBRIDS

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of the population genetic structure and genetic diversity of Haliotis discus hannai (D), Haliotis gigantea (G), and their reciprocal hybrids D female x G male (DG) and G female x D male (GD) was carried out in this study. A total of 479 unambiguous and highly repeatable AFLP markers, 311 of which (64.93%) were polymorphic, were obtained using 7 primer combinations. The reciprocal hybrids inherited bands from both parents, indicating that the hybrids were truly heterogeneous. The Shannon diversity index for D, G, and their reciprocal hybrid populations DG and GD was 0.169 +/- 0.188, 0.211 +/- 0.227, 0.236 +/- 0.267, and 0.231 +/- 0.242, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that 29.58% of the variance was among populations, whereas 71.42% of variance was within populations. Genetic distance was maximum (0.681) between D and G, and was minimum (0.482) between GD and G. The 4 populations were clustered into 2 major clades using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean. All genetic parameters indicated that there was plentiful genetic diversity in the reciprocal hybrids of D X G. Results of this study suggest that these AFLP markers can be used in the future to enhance current breeding practices in abalone culture because of the large numbers of polymorphic markers