Effect of marine phytoplankton on metal sorption, bioaccumulation, and species distribution in the euphotic layer of the coastal seawater

研究海洋浮游植物、微量金属及其耦合作用引发光化学过程的机制；建立海水中微量金属锑的价态检测新技术；探讨近海浮游植物在氮磷富营养化状况下对金属吸附、吸收、生物富集和形态分布的影响；探究近海真光层中营养盐、浮游植物、重金属多元体系中光致羟自由基的形成，即光诱导微量金属价态转化的可能机制。取得了以下主要成果： 1.建立锑价态分析、有效避免Sb(III)氧化的新方法 锑的形态分析是痕量元素形态分析的热点和难点，因为锑被美国环境保护规划署、欧共体和德国列为污染控制优先污染物和环境激素类重金属，Sb(III)极易被氧化；锑在环境、生物和地球化学样品中主要以Sb(III)和Sb(V)存在；Sb(III)...1. A novel method for prevention of the oxidation of Sb(Ⅲ) during sample pretreatment, preconcentration of Sb(Ⅲ) and Sb(V) with nanometer size titanium dioxide (rutile) and speciation analysis of antimony, has been developed. Antimony(III) could be selectively determined by flow injection-hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry, coexisting with Sb(V). Trace Sb(Ⅲ) and Sb(V) were all adsor...学位：博士后院系专业：海洋与环境学院海洋学系_海洋科学学号：BH1700021

Phytoplankton composition and its relationships with environmental factors at Zhangzhou section of western Jiulong River

分别在2010年的丰、平、枯3个时期,从浮游植物种类组成、生物量(叶绿素A含量)及其粒级结构等指标对九龙江漳州段浮游植物组成进行了调查,同时分析了其与环境因子间的关系,评估了该河段的水质质量。结果表明:研究区域微微型浮游植物占总生物量比例与温度存在显著的正相关性(P<0.05),小型浮游植物占总生物量比例与总氮成显著的负相关(P<0.05)。共鉴定出浮游植物7门59种,且在各时期均有差异;丰水期与枯水期相比,蓝藻比例上升(P<0.05),甲藻比例下降(P<0.05);研究水域SHAnnOn-WIEnEr指数在1.0~3.0,为中度污染。典型对应分析表明,温度和营养盐是影响九龙江西溪漳州段浮游植物群落变化的主要环境因子。From the viewpoints of species composition and biomass (size-fractionated chlorophyll a), an investigation was conducted on the phytoplankton composition at Zhangzhou section of Western Jiulong River during wet, normal, and dry seasons in 2010, with the relationships between the phytoplankton composition and environmental factors analyzed and the water quality assessed.In the study area, the proportion of picoplankton biomass to the total phytoplankton biomass had significant positive correlation with water temperature (P<0.05), and the proportion of micro-phytoplankton biomass to the total biomass had negative correlation with water total nitrogen (P<0.05).A total of 59 species belonging to 7 phyla were identified.The phytoplankton species composition and abundance varied with seasons and sites.In wet season, the proportion of Cyanobacteria increased (P<0.05), while that of Dinoflagellates decreased (P<0.05), as compared with those in dry season.Canonical correspondence analysis showed that water temperature and nutrients contents were the main environmental factors affecting the phytoplankton community composition and biomass at the Zhangzhou section of western Jiulong River.福建省教育厅科技项目(JA09164);福建省大学生科研创新实验计划;国家自然科学基金项目(40806060)资

洱海流域水生态分区

分区边界的确定是生态分区的重要步骤,但目前多数水生态分区的边界确定以定性分析、专家判断为主。本研究以洱海流域为例,建立了一套两级分区体系。该体系基于GIS技术,用子流域作为分区基本单元,并用相关分析法,定量筛选一、二级分区指标。其中,一级分区指标为高程、坡度和植被归一化指数(NDVI),二级分区指标为农田百分比和城镇百分比。通过指标图层的叠加和重分类,合并同质性子流域,从而将洱海流域划分为5个一级区和9个二级区。藻类群落分布的验证结果表明分区合理。本研究将定量分析和子流域边界应用于水生态分区,使分区边界的确定更科学,在实际管理中更具有可操作性。本研究结果为水生态分区研究提供了新的方法,为洱海流域水生态管理提供了基本管理单元

Photoreduction of Se(Ⅵ) by Marine Algae-Transitional Metals-Light System

以海洋绿藻(Tetraselmislevis,Chlorellaautotrophica,Dunaliellasalina,Nannochloropsissp.,Tetraselmissubcordi-formis)、硅藻(Phaeodactylumtricornutum)、红藻(Porphyridiumpurpureum)和过渡金属(铁、锰、铜)构建海藻-光二元体系、过渡金属-光二元体系、海藻-过渡金属-光三元体系,对比分析不同海藻、不同过渡金属、海藻与过渡金属耦合引发光化学过程,对Se(Ⅵ)还原转化的贡献率.二元和三元体系均可光还原转化Se(Ⅵ)为Se(Ⅳ).铁、铜、锰通过自身的光氧化还原过程诱发Se(Ⅵ)/Se(Ⅳ)的氧化还原;海藻的光化学活性首次被证实,表面壁可吸附富集海水中还原性的有机物、Se(Ⅵ)/Se(Ⅳ)和过渡金属,改变其氧化还原电位,提供光反应场所;Se(Ⅵ)的光还原转化率依海藻和过渡金属的种类、浓度不同而异;海藻浓度的提高、海藻与过渡金属的耦合作用有利于光还原转化率的提高.通过三元体系的光还原转化,Se(Ⅵ)/Se(Ⅳ)比值为1·17~2·85,接近海洋真光层Se(Ⅵ)/Se(Ⅳ)实际浓度比,即海藻和过渡金属引发的光化学过程对硒的价态分布起决定性作用.Seven marine phytoplankton, including five green algae (Tetraselmis levis, Chlorella autotrophica, Dunaliella salina, Nannochloropsis sp. and Tetraselmis subcordiformis), one diatom (Phaeodactylum tricornutum), one red alga (Porphyridium purpureum), and three usual transitional metals (Fe(Ⅲ), Cu(Ⅱ), Mn(Ⅱ)) were used to make up marine phytoplankton-light or transitional metals-light or marine phytoplankton-transitional metals-light system. In such system, Se(Ⅵ) could be transformed into Se(Ⅳ) by photoreduction. The species transformation of selenium could be photo-induced by redox reaction of transitional metals. The photochemical activity of marine phytoplankton was confirmed for the first time, because marine phytoplankton could adsorb and concentrated of selenium, transitional metals and organic substances (including the exudation of algae, as reducing agent) which redox potentials were changed. The ratios of Se(Ⅵ) to Se(Ⅳ) were dominated by the species, the concentration of marine phytoplankton and transitional metals, and it could be enhanced through increasing the concentration of marine algae or the combined effect from marine algae and transitional metals. After photoreduction by ternary system, the ratio of Se(Ⅵ) to Se(Ⅳ) ranges from 1.17 to 2.85, which is close to the actual value in euphotic layer of seawater. The photochemical process that is induced by marine algae and transitional metals dominative the leading effects on the distribution of oxidation states of selenium.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40131160735);; 福建省科技三项费用项目(K02093);; 福建省青年科技人才创新项目(2003J035);; 福建省教育厅A类项目(JA00233

Analysis of genetic effects for grain quality characters in late indica hybrid rice

以6个籼型野败三系不育系为母本,5个晚籼恢复系为父本,进行不完全双列杂交设计,对籼型杂交晚稻稻米品质性状的遗传效应进行分析.结果表明:糙米率、精米率、垩白粒率、碱消值和胶稠度等5个性状同时受到种子遗传效应和细胞质遗传效应的控制,但细胞质遗传效应都大于种子遗传效应.整精米率、垩白度和透明度等3个性状只受到种子遗传效应的控制,并且都以种子显性遗传效应为主.直链淀粉含量同时受到种子遗传效应和母体植株遗传效应的控制,但以种子显性遗传效应为主.粒长和长宽比同时受到母体植株加性遗传效应和母体植株显性遗传效应的控制.不育系451A、全丰A、长丰A及恢复系蜀恢527、科恢752、岳恢94是配制优质杂交晚稻组合的优异亲本.Six CMS(Fuyi A etc.) and 5 late-restorers(Minghui 63 etc.) were used in partial diallel crosses to analyse the genetic effects of grain quality characters in late indica hybrid rice,using seed quantitative traits genetic models and analysis methods developed by Zhu Jun in cereal crops.The results showed that the 5 characters were simultaneously controlled by seed genetic effects and cytoplasmic genetic effects in percentage of brown rice,percentage of milled rice,percentage of chalky grain,gelatinization temperature and gel consistency,but the cytoplasmic genetic effects were all higher than the seed genetic effects.The 3 traits were only controlled by seed genetic effects in percentage of head rice,chalkiness and translucency,and the effects were all mainly come from seed dominance genetic effects.Amylose content was controlled by seed genetic effects and maternal genetic effects,but was mainly controlled by seed dominance genetic effects.The 2 traits were simultaneously controlled by maternal additive genetic effects and maternal dominance genetic effects in kernel length and length/breadth ratio.The 6 materials were available parents for breeding late indica hybrid rice combinations with good quality,which included the CMS of 451 A,Quanfeng A and Changfeng A,the restorers of Shuhui 527,Kehui 752 and Yuehui 94.福建省自然科学基金资助项目(B0310020

Competitive Sorp-desorption of Pb(Ⅱ) and Hg (Ⅱ) in Two Algae

研究重金属(Pb(Ⅱ)、Hg(Ⅱ))在中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和链状亚历山大藻(Alexandrium catenella)细胞上的吸附和竞争吸附.实验结果表明,Pb(Ⅱ)、Hg(Ⅱ)在两海藻上竞争吸附时,Pb(Ⅱ)在海藻细胞表面的竞争吸附平衡快于Hg(Ⅱ).竞争吸附平衡时,藻细胞表面Hg(Ⅱ)对Pb(Ⅱ)的影响小于15%,Pb(Ⅱ)对Hg(Ⅱ)的影响大于50%.96h培养后,两金属竞争环境下的海藻细胞吸附(吸收)的重金属量明显高于单一重金属作用的海藻细胞的吸附(吸收)量.The adsorption behaviors of Pb(Ⅱ) and Hg(Ⅱ) onto two algae(Skeletonema costatum and Alexandrium catenella) with and without competing metal ions were examined in this study.In the system of all the two metals present,the interference of adsorption among the two metals is more significant: the balance time of Pb(Ⅱ) was faster than Hg(Ⅱ) while those in the competing systems.The influence efficiency of Hg(Ⅱ)to Pb(Ⅱ) was less than 15%,but Pb(Ⅱ) to Hg(Ⅱ) was more than 50%.After cultured 96h,The adsorption(uptake) of Pb and Hg onto two algae in competing system were obviously much more than those in single metal system.国家自然科学基金(40506020);; 漳州师范学院科研启动基

"Predict-Revise" Data Management Method for Wireless Sensor Networks of Monitoring

将无线传感器网数据管理技术分为4类:陈述性语句、信号处理、模型预测以及中间件,并进行对比研究总结出如何既将传统的数据管理技术移植到传感网,又考虑到传感网自身的能源和网络带宽约束.针对监测型传感网,提出了一种新的“预测-修正“传感网数据管理方法,对传感节点的每个测量建立一个对应的虚拟表,所有的虚拟表又组成一个虚拟数据库.通过读取、预测、修正3个步骤,获得较为精确的测量值.最后用实验室温度监测实验验证了本方法.The data management techniques of wireless sensor networks(WSN) are summarized into four categories,i.e.,declarative language,signal processing,model prediction,and middleware.This paper describes the key of moving the traditional data management techniques to WSN,and considers the constraints of power consumption and band width limit at the mean time.For the WSN of monitoring,a new "Predict-Revise" data management method is proposed.It creates one virtual table for each measurement variable of sensor nodes,and combines all the tables into a virtual database.After approaching reading,prediction,revise,the system will get the result with higher accuracy.An experiment for monitoring the temperature of lab is presented to verify this new method.空间数据挖掘与信息共享教育部重点实验室开放课题资助(2010);厦门大学国家211三期项