“科学道德与科技评价”专家笔谈

科学道德是从事科学研究必须秉承的价值取向,既体现为遵守科学共同体认同的科研规范,也体现为秉持求真求实的科学精神。加强科学道德建设,既要高度重视科研人员的道德自律,注重培养内在的道德需要和道德约束,也要高度重视完善科研环境,尊重科研活动规律和人才成长规律,加快改革科技评价体系。为此,2014年3月31日,中国科协组织人事部联合中国科普研究所召开"科学道德与学风建设"专家座谈会。与会专家围绕科学道德与学风建设的内涵、科学道德与科技评价的关系、科研诚信以及科学文化等问题展开热烈讨论,并积极建言献策

Closed Trans-Scale Statistical Microdamage Mechanics

Damage and failure due to distributed microcracks or microvoids are on the challenging frontiers of solid mechanics. This appeals strongly to tools not yet fully developed in continuum damage mechanics, in particular to irreversible statistical thermodynamics and a unified macroscopic equations of mechanics and kinetic equations of microstructural transformations. This review provides the state of the art in statistical microdamage mechanics. (1) It clarifies on what level of approximation continuum damage mechanics works. Particularly, D-level approximation with dynamic function of damage appears to be a proper closed trans-scale formulation of the problem. (2) It provides physical foundation of evolution law in damage mechanics. Essentially, the damage-dependent feature of the macroscopic evolution law is due to the movement of microdamage front, resulting from microdamage growth. (3) It is found that intrinsic Deborah number D*, a ratio of nucleation rate over growth rate of microdamage, is a proper indication of critical damage in damage mechanics, based on the idea of damage localization. (4) It clearly distinguishes the non-equilibrium damage evolution from equilibrium phase transition, like percolation. Finally, some comments on its limitations are made

扫描探针原位纳米力学测试系统

纳微尺度表面形貌的定量表征；探针针尖与样品间微小相互作用力的定量测量； 带原位形貌观测的纳米压痕测量

A SOLUTION FOR DEFLECTIONS OF THIN PLATES INDUCED BY NON UNIFORM SURFACE STRESSES

给出非均布表面应力作用下弹性薄板挠曲变形问题的控制方程及边界条件,通过与热应力问题进行物理比拟,对这一问题进行了求解,并采用这一方法对实验中观测到的局部弯曲现象进行了理论解释

非均布表面应力作用下薄板变形问题的求解

给出非均布表面应力作用下弹性薄板挠曲变形问题的控制方程及边界条件，通过与热应力问题进行物理比拟，对这一问题进行了求解，并采用这一方法对实验中观测到的局部弯曲现象进行了理论解释

过渡金属离子调变对光催化氧化反应的影响

考察过渡金属离子对ＴｉＯ２光催化活性的影响，并对过渡金属离子对催化剂ＴｉＯ２的光催化调变作用机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明，加入Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）可以大大提高ＴｉＯ２的光催化活性，反应７５ｍｉｎ，可使活性艳蓝Ｘ－ＢＲ的ＣＯＤＣｒ的去除率达７５％以上，对于活性艳红Ｘ－３Ｂ和活性艳黄Ｘ－６Ｇ的ＣＯＤＣｒ的去除率达到９０％以上。过渡金属离子的调变作用是由于低价的金属离子与Ｈ２Ｏ２作用生成．ＯＨ自由基所致

An improved time reversal mirror based on standard linear frequency modulation waveform

Time reversal mirror (TRM) technology is the adaptive focusing method evolved from the phase conjugate method in optics. Conventional incentive method in TRM technology is a narrow pulse signal with a high bandwidth. In this paper, the autocorrelation property of the TRM was proved from the time-reversal symmetry of the wave equation. The linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal is adopted as the exciting signal in the TRM, which gives the dual autocorrelation function waveform, including the exciting signal and transport channel response. Theoretical results show that the peak value of the transducer array's focusing signal is determined by the pulse width of the LFM signal and the number of array elements. In addition, the adaptive filtering deconvolution method is used to precisely regulate the input signal to ensure that the final detecting signal is the expected LFM waveform, which eliminates the effect of the transport channel and enhances matched filtering effects. The results hold great theoretical significances for the development of TRM technology in ultrasonic detection