Interpretation of the 2015 guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism by the European Thyroid Association

亚临床甲状腺功能亢进症在临床中很常见,但对其危害及处理有很大的争议。欧洲甲状腺学会根据现有的临床证据,公布了内因性亚临床甲状腺功能亢进症诊治指南; 。指南强调,要确立持续性亚临床甲状腺功能亢进症的诊断,明确其病因,按照其进展为临床甲亢、发生不良心血管事件及骨质疏松风险进行危险分层,以指导临床; 处理。Endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism (Endo SHyper) is a common form of; thyroid diseases. Currently controversy exists in the management of Endo; SHyper. Based on the existing clinical evidence, the European Thyroid; Association (ETA) published a guideline on diagnosis and treatment of; Endo SHyper in 2015. The guidelines recommend that clinicians establish; the diagnosis of persisted Endo SHyper, then clarify its etiology, and; guide treatment by the risk stratification according to the development; of overt hyperthyroidism, adverse cardiovascular events and; osteoporosis

非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的诊治

防治非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的重要性非酒精性脂肪性肝病(nOn-AlCOHOlIC fATTy lIVEr dISEASE,nAfld)是成人和儿童肝功能异常最常见的原因,近年来其患病率及发病率不断增加。nAfld包括单纯性脂肪肝、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(nOn-AlCOHOlIC STEATOHEPATITIS,nASH)、肝纤维化和肝硬化[1]。由单纯性脂肪肝进展为nASH的重要变化是肝纤维化。一般认为,不合并纤维化和炎症的单纯性脂肪肝在大部分情况下是一个良性的、可

Numerical study of convective heat transfer characteristics of kerosene flowing in a horizontal pipe at supercritical pressure

采用RNG(renormalization group)k-ε湍流模型和近壁区的Wolfstein一方程模型对超临界压力下大庆RP-3航空煤油在水平圆管内的流动和换热特性进行了数值研究.超临界压力下,由于航空煤油在拟临界点附近热物性的剧烈变化,浮升力将引起显著的二次流动.二次流动使得水平圆管的下表面湍流强度和对流换热增强,而上表面的湍流强度和对流换热减弱.最后分析了两种水平管内对流换热受浮升力影响判别标准在超临界流体中的适用

平糖方对糖尿病大鼠血清SVCAM-1、CRP、TNF-α及PAI-1水平的影响

目的:观察平糖方对糖尿病大鼠血清SVCAM-1、CRP、TNF-α及PAI-1水平的影响。方法:取Wistar大鼠喂养高热量饲料,2 m后,一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)25 mg/kg,造成类似人类2型糖尿病模型。将糖尿病大鼠随机分为模型组、氨基胍组及平糖方大、中、小治疗组,连续干预16 w。采用ELISA法检测大鼠血糖(BG)、血脂、SVCAM-1、CRP、TNF-α及PAI-1水平。结果:平糖方大、中剂量不仅可显著降低糖尿病大鼠BG、TG及LDL-c水平,而且还可显著降低糖尿病大鼠血清SVCAM-1、CRP、TNF-α及PAI-1水平;平糖方大剂量还可升高HDL-c水平;平糖方小剂量也可降低糖尿病鼠血清PAI-1水平。结论:具有燥湿化痰、活血化瘀功效的平糖方能明显干预糖尿病大鼠的慢性炎症状态

Catalytic Cracking and Heat Sink Capacity of Aviation Kerosene Under Supercritical Conditions

Catalytic cracking of China no. 3 aviation kerosene using a zeolite catalyst was investigated under supercritical conditions. A three-stage heating/cracking system was specially designed to be capable of heating 0.8 kg kerosene to a temperature of 1050 K and pressure of 7.0 MPa with maximum mass flow rate of 80 g/s. Sonic nozzles of different diameters were used to calibrate and monitor the mass flow rate of the cracked fuel mixture. With proper experiment arrangements, the mass flow rate per unit throat area of the cracked fuel mixture was found to well correlate with the extent of fuel conversion. The gaseous products obtained from fuel cracking under different conditions were also analyzed using gas chromatography. Composition analysis showed that the average molecular weight of the resulting gaseous products and the fuel mass conversion percentage were a strong function of the fuel temperature and were only slightly affected by the fuel pressure. The fuel conversion was also shown to depend on the fuel residence time in the reactor, as expected. Furthermore, the heat sink levels due to sensible heating and endothermic cracking were determined and compared at varying test conditions. It was found that at a fuel temperature of similar to 1050 K, the total heat sink reached similar to 3.4 MJ/kg, in which chemical heat sink accounted for similar to 1.5 MJ/kg

Numerical study of convective heat transfer of aviation kerosene flows in pipe at supercritical pressure

对超临界压力下大庆RP-3航空煤油在小管道内的流动、传热过程进行了数值研究. 湍流模拟采用了 RNG k-ε两方程模型和Wolfstein一方程模型结合的两层模型;同时, 采用煤油的10组分替代模型以及NIST Supertrapp程序库对大庆3号航空煤油的热物理和输运特性进行了确定. 圆管传热的计算条件为:入口压力4 MPa, 入口温度300 K, 质量流量范围:0.06~0.12 kg/s, 壁面热流密度范围:300~700 kW/m~2. 计算结果显示, 煤油的流动和传热特性比水、二氧化碳等简单化合物复杂得多. 在超临界压力下, 煤油的吸热升温导致其热物理特性以及流动特性均发生剧烈变化, 其中, 雷诺数沿管道方向上升了至少一个量级, 而普朗特数下降了一个量级. 在加热开始段, 煤油的对流传热系数迅速上升;当壁面温度超过其拟临界温度后, 对流传热系数略有所回落;随着煤油温度的进一步上升, 传热系数又得到明显增强. 计算表明, 煤油对流换热特性的变化与煤油复杂的高温热物理特性以及湍流流动在近壁区的增强和抑止有

代谢综合征从毒论治病机探析

毒邪致病贯穿代谢综合征(metabolic symdrome,MS)发病的始终而成为重要的病机,MS发病的毒邪主要有痰毒、瘀毒和热毒,常形成痰、瘀、热毒相互交结的病理状态。认为机体的慢性低度炎症状态及其诱发的胰岛素抵抗,糖毒性、脂毒性就成了"毒邪"致病的物质基础,从而为临床的从毒论治奠定基础

代谢综合征与痰瘀毒

介绍了代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)的病因病机,认为其发病主要是痰瘀交阻、久蕴化热成毒,形成痰瘀毒相互交夹的病机,而现代医学认为代谢综合征的发病基础是慢性低度炎症,这是痰瘀毒病机的物质基础

代谢综合征的病因病机探讨

代谢综合征(metabolic symdrome,MS)的病因主要有过食肥甘、情志失调、运动过少、年龄增长及禀赋薄弱;MS的病机可以概括为:本虚标实,正虚以脾肾气虚为主,邪实则可归纳为肝郁、痰浊、瘀血、热毒。把握了MS的病因病机对中医的辨证论治具有重要意义

化痰方及化痰活血方对糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的:探讨化痰方及化痰活血方对改善糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法:以高热量饲料加小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立接近于人类2型糖尿病的糖尿病大鼠模型,随机分为糖尿病组、化痰方组及化痰活血组,以正常大鼠为对照组。观察化痰方和化痰活血方在降血糖、调节血脂紊乱、改善胰岛素抵抗作用等方面的影响并比较其异同。结果:两种功效的中药复方均能显著降低血糖、调节血脂紊乱,并能改善胰岛素抵抗,增加胰岛素敏感性。但化痰活血组在提高胰岛素敏感性方面的疗效优于化痰方组(P<0.05)。结论:具有化痰和化痰活血功效的中药复方均能改善胰岛素抵抗,但化痰活血中药复方的作用更明显