18 research outputs found

    Types and characteristics of spoilbank in development construction project

    No full text
    采取路线调查与典型调查方式,依据中国主要水蚀类型区,并结合生产建设项目分布的情况,以平原、丘陵、土石山区3大地貌类型为基础的地貌分类框架,以黄土、黑土、褐土、棕黄壤、红壤等为基础的土壤类型分类框架,对分布于不同类型区的各类点式工程、线式工程产生的人为弃土堆置体进行现场调查,依据弃土的堆置方法和堆置形态可将弃土堆置体抽象概化为散乱锥状堆置、依坡倾倒堆置、分层碾压坡顶散乱堆置、线型垅岗式堆置、坡顶平台有车辆碾压的倾倒堆置5类人为堆置微地貌。研究结果可为生产建设项目弃土堆置体下垫面室内仿真模拟研究提供理论依据和技术支撑</span

    Experimental Study on Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield of

    No full text
    &nbsp;通过对生产建设项目弃土堆置体的野外调查及抽象概化,将抽象概化出的4类弃土堆置体作为研究对象,在室内模拟降雨条件下对不同弃土堆置类型的侵蚀产沙过程进行试验研究。结果表明:各类型弃土堆置体的入渗率、径流含沙量随降雨时间变化呈波动式减小,径流率随降雨时间变化呈波动式增大,侵蚀速率随降雨时间变化呈平缓型、多峰型2种变化趋势;产流时间与降雨强度呈负幂函数关系,平均入渗率、平均径流率、平均侵蚀速率与降雨强度呈线性关系,平均径流含沙量与降雨强度呈指数函数关系,总产沙量与总径流量呈线性关系。坡顶平台有车辆碾压的倾倒堆置在全部设计降雨强度条件下产流时间最短、平均入渗率均最低;当降雨强度从1.5mm/min提高到2.0mm/min时,总产沙量增大2.58倍,在降雨强度为2.0,2.5mm/min情况下,平均径流含沙量、平均侵蚀速率均明显大于其他堆置类型,且差异达到显著水平(P&lt;0.05)。Abstract:Based on the field investigation and generalization of the development construction project ofspoilbanks,according to generalized results,four different types of spoilbanks were selected as researchobjects.The soil erosion and sediment yield process of four types were simulated in indoor rainfall experimentalcondition.The results were given in the following,the infiltration rate and sediment concentration of allspoilbanks decreased in a fluctuating tendency with the rainfalls time,while the runoff rate increased in afluctuating tendency with the rainfalls time.The variation of erosion sediment and transport rate appeared intwo types with the rainfalls time,which were smooth and multimodal distribution.Runoff generation timehad a negative exponent relation to rainfall intensity.Rainfall intensity had a linear function with averagerunoff rate,average erosion sediment and transport rate,respectively.Average sediment concentration hadexponential function relation to rainfall intensity,while total sediment yield and runoff volume accorded withlinear correlation.The type of rolling compaction by construction machinery at the top of slope had theshortest runoff generation time and lowest average infiltration rate in all design conditions of rainfall intensity.The total sediment yield increased 2.58times with rainfall intensities increasing from 1.5mm/min to 2.0mm/min.Under the rainfall intensity with 2.0mm/min and 2.5mm/min,the average sediment ratio ofrunoff and average erosion sediment rate were higher than that of other spoilbanks and their difference wassignificant(P<0.05)

    Standardization Parameter for Spoilbank Underlying Surface

    No full text
    室内模拟降雨实验是进行生产建设项目人为弃土水土流失特征研究的重要方法。为了使实验下垫面设计更加科学合理,实验结果应用范围更加广泛,通过对陕西关中平原区和秦巴山区各类生产建设项目弃土堆置体的实地调查,结合室内实验,运用经典统计学有关原理对堆置体的坡度、坡长、坡面物质组成进行统计分析。结果表明:秦巴山区生产建设项目弃土堆置体在不同坡面位置上,块石和土壤结构体的含量均明显大于关中平原区;两研究区内细粒土含量极少且均未超过2%;块石和土壤结构体重力分选作用明显,D&lt;10mm的坡面物质在不同坡位的含量数据变化较小且无明显规律;因此在室内进行下垫面仿真设计时,对D&lt;10mm的坡面组成物质可不考虑坡面位置的差异性。两研究区内弃土堆置体坡度多集中在26&deg;~35&deg;之间,贡献率分别为90.2%和88.8%;弃土堆置体坡长多集中在2~8m之间,贡献率分别为100.0%和79.4%。因此,在室内进行下垫面仿真设计时应重点对上述坡度、坡长范围进行实验测试。Laboratory rainfall simulation is an important method for studying erosion characteristics of spoilbanks in development construction projects.In order to provide a scientific foundation for the design of thespoilbank underlying surface in laboratory rainfall simulation,authors firstly investigate development construction project spoilbank in Guanzhong plain and Qinba mountain area,Shaanxi province.The theory ofstatistics was applied to analyze gradient,length of slope,composition of slope surface.The results showedas follows:The percentages of stones and soil aggregates at different position of spoilbank slopes in Qinbamountain area were higher than spoilbank in Guanzhong plain;the percentages of fine-grained soil both intwo studied areas were less than 2%;stones and soil aggregates&rsquo;gravity separation effects were obvious;thepercentages of material(particle diameter<10mm)at different position of spoilbank slopes didn&rsquo;t obviouslychange.Therefore,percentages of material(particle diameter<10mm)at different position of spoilbankslopes can&rsquo;t be considered during the design of the spoil underlying surface for laboratory rainfall simulation.The gradient of spoilbank were between 26&deg;and 35&deg;in two studied areas with contribution rate 90.2%and88.8%respectively;slope length of spoilbank were between 2mand 8mwith contribution rate 100.0%and79.4%respectively.Therefore,ranges of gradient and length were mainly considered during design experiment of the spoilbank underlying surface in laboratory rainfall simulation

    “三传一反”与“三环一网”--论现代高炉的再生

    No full text
    "三传一反"是过程工业和过程工程的学科基础,为过程工程研究和设计的现代化提供了重要的理论保障。近年来,由于中国过程工业发展特点,导致资源和环境问题突出。为了更好地解决能源和环境问题,提出了"三传一反"与"三环一网"互补、协同的思路,希望从根本上解决过程工业出现的资源、能源和环境问题。所谓三环是指新工艺新技术符合环境(一环)要求;物质和能量实现行业内、设备内的循环(二环);资源和能量实现全社会、跨行业、跨地区的循环(三环)利用和匹配。一网是构建煤基清洁气体能源网络,实现清洁能源自给自足,确保中国能源安全。中国能源以煤为主,直接用煤出现了能源浪费、大气污染、水污染等问题。然而煤作为不得不用的能源,只有清洁高效转化才是根本。高炉是钢铁工业的重要装备,由于近年来粗钢产能过剩、废钢循环、基建投资还本困难等问题,部分高炉面临拆除的风险,势必导致固定资产的浪费,因此如何寻找大中型高炉出路是摆在钢铁工业面前的现实问题。除了炼铁之外,高炉的能源转换和固废转化功能,还没有发挥出来。为此,提出高炉改成造气炉,利用中国资源量丰富的非焦煤型煤在高炉内气化,再利用气体净化技术,余热回收技术,实现煤的清洁转化,最终形成清洁气体能源网路。希望借助"三传一反"与"三环一网"互补理念,帮助过程工业,特别是能源工业和重工业发展。使中国钢铁工业从产量第一,向设备功能提升、装备升级、产品结构拓展等方向发展,实现产业升级、突破行业壁垒,实现过剩钢铁向煤基清洁能源的转变,助力过程工业的"弯道超车"

    Runoff and Sediment Yield Modeling on Spoilbank with Soil-stone Mixture

    No full text
    以前期概化的4类弃土堆置体为研究对象,采用室内人工模拟降雨试验,研究不同弃土堆置类型在4种不同降雨强度下的产流产沙特征。结果表明:各堆置类型弃土堆置体的径流率随降雨时间呈波动式增大,径流含沙量随降雨时间呈波动式减小,侵蚀速率随降雨时间呈稳定、波动2种变化趋势;平均径流率、平均侵蚀速率与降雨强度呈线性关系,平均径流含沙量与降雨强度呈指数函数关系,总产沙量与总径流量呈线性关系。坡顶平台有车辆碾压的倾倒堆置在降雨强度为2.0,2.5mm/min情况下,总产沙量和总径流量明显大于其它堆置类型Abstract:Four different types of spoilbanks were selected as research object based on previous research generalization,the runoff and sediment characteristics of different types under four different rainfall intensitieswas studied by indoor artificial rainfall simulation experiments.The results showed that the runoff rate of allspoilbanks increased in a fluctuating tendency with the rainfalls time,the sediment concentration of runoffdecreased in a fluctuating tendency with the rainfalls time,while the erosion rate appeared in two types withthe rainfalls time,which were stability and fluctuation.Rainfall intensity had a linear function relation withaverage runoff rate and average erosion rate.Average sediment concentration of runoff had an exponentialfunction relation with rainfall intensity,while total sediment yield and runoff volume accorded with linearcorrelation.Under the rainfall intensity with 2.0mm/min and 2.5mm/min,the total sediment and runoff ofthe type of rolling compaction by construction machinery at the top of slop were significantly higher than other spoilbanks

    三传一反与三环一网论现代高炉的再生

    No full text
    “三传一反”是过程工业和过程工程的学科基础,为过程工程研究和设计的现代化提供了重要的理论保障。近年来,由于中国过程工业发展特点,导致资源和环境问题突出。为了更好地解决能源和环境问题,提出了“三传一反”与“三环一网”互补、协同的思路,希望从根本上解决过程工业出现的资源、能源和环境问题。所谓三环是指新工艺新技术符合环境(一环)要求;物质和能量实现行业内、设备内的循环(二环);资源和能量实现全社会、跨行业、跨地区的循环(三环)利用和匹配。一网是构建煤基清洁气体能源网络,实现清洁能源自给自足,确保中国能源安全。中国能源以煤为主,直接用煤出现了能源浪费、大气污染、水污染等问题。然而煤作为不得不用的能源,只有清洁高效转化才是根本。高炉是钢铁工业的重要装备,由于近年来粗钢产能过剩、废钢循环、基建投资还本困难等问题,部分高炉面临拆除的风险,势必导致固定资产的浪费,因此如何寻找大中型高炉出路是摆在钢铁工业面前的现实问题。除了炼铁之外,高炉的能源转换和固废转化功能,还没有发挥出来。为此,提出高炉改成造气炉,利用中国资源量丰富的非焦煤型煤在高炉内气化,再利用气体净化技术,余热回收技术,实现煤的清洁转化,最终形成清洁气体能源网路。希望借助“三传一反”与“三环一网”互补理念,帮助过程工业,特别是能源工业和重工业发展。使中国钢铁工业从产量第一,向设备功能提升、装备升级、产品结构拓展等方向发展,实现产业升级、突破行业壁垒,实现过剩钢铁向煤基清洁能源的转变,助力过程工业的“弯道超车”

    三传一反与三环一网论现代高炉的再生

    No full text
    “三传一反”是过程工业和过程工程的学科基础,为过程工程研究和设计的现代化提供了重要的理论保障。近年来,由于中国过程工业发展特点,导致资源和环境问题突出。为了更好地解决能源和环境问题,提出了“三传一反”与“三环一网”互补、协同的思路,希望从根本上解决过程工业出现的资源、能源和环境问题。所谓三环是指新工艺新技术符合环境(一环)要求;物质和能量实现行业内、设备内的循环(二环);资源和能量实现全社会、跨行业、跨地区的循环(三环)利用和匹配。一网是构建煤基清洁气体能源网络,实现清洁能源自给自足,确保中国能源安全。中国能源以煤为主,直接用煤出现了能源浪费、大气污染、水污染等问题。然而煤作为不得不用的能源,只有清洁高效转化才是根本。高炉是钢铁工业的重要装备,由于近年来粗钢产能过剩、废钢循环、基建投资还本困难等问题,部分高炉面临拆除的风险,势必导致固定资产的浪费,因此如何寻找大中型高炉出路是摆在钢铁工业面前的现实问题。除了炼铁之外,高炉的能源转换和固废转化功能,还没有发挥出来。为此,提出高炉改成造气炉,利用中国资源量丰富的非焦煤型煤在高炉内气化,再利用气体净化技术,余热回收技术,实现煤的清洁转化,最终形成清洁气体能源网路。希望借助“三传一反”与“三环一网”互补理念,帮助过程工业,特别是能源工业和重工业发展。使中国钢铁工业从产量第一,向设备功能提升、装备升级、产品结构拓展等方向发展,实现产业升级、突破行业壁垒,实现过剩钢铁向煤基清洁能源的转变,助力过程工业的“弯道超车”

    “三传一反”与“三环一网”--论现代高炉的再生

    No full text
    "三传一反"是过程工业和过程工程的学科基础,为过程工程研究和设计的现代化提供了重要的理论保障。近年来,由于中国过程工业发展特点,导致资源和环境问题突出。为了更好地解决能源和环境问题,提出了"三传一反"与"三环一网"互补、协同的思路,希望从根本上解决过程工业出现的资源、能源和环境问题。所谓三环是指新工艺新技术符合环境(一环)要求;物质和能量实现行业内、设备内的循环(二环);资源和能量实现全社会、跨行业、跨地区的循环(三环)利用和匹配。一网是构建煤基清洁气体能源网络,实现清洁能源自给自足,确保中国能源安全。中国能源以煤为主,直接用煤出现了能源浪费、大气污染、水污染等问题。然而煤作为不得不用的能源,只有清洁高效转化才是根本。高炉是钢铁工业的重要装备,由于近年来粗钢产能过剩、废钢循环、基建投资还本困难等问题,部分高炉面临拆除的风险,势必导致固定资产的浪费,因此如何寻找大中型高炉出路是摆在钢铁工业面前的现实问题。除了炼铁之外,高炉的能源转换和固废转化功能,还没有发挥出来。为此,提出高炉改成造气炉,利用中国资源量丰富的非焦煤型煤在高炉内气化,再利用气体净化技术,余热回收技术,实现煤的清洁转化,最终形成清洁气体能源网路。希望借助"三传一反"与"三环一网"互补理念,帮助过程工业,特别是能源工业和重工业发展。使中国钢铁工业从产量第一,向设备功能提升、装备升级、产品结构拓展等方向发展,实现产业升级、突破行业壁垒,实现过剩钢铁向煤基清洁能源的转变,助力过程工业的"弯道超车"

    Effects of different restoration ages on plant diversity and community stability of wetlands in the Yellow River Delta

    No full text
    Ecological restoration is an efficient method to reduce the degradation of natural coastal wetlands.Restoration age has important effects on soil chemical properties and plant community characteristics.However,long-term monitoring on the effects of wetland restoration projects and their underlying mechanism is still limited.Here,we examined the effects of different restoration ages (0,3,7,10,and 19 years) of wetlands on soil properties,plant species diversity,and community stability in the Yellow River Delta.The results showed that soil electric conductivity,available phosphorus concentration,and available potassium concentration decreased with increasing restoration age.However,soil available nitrogen concentration increased during the restoration process.Shannon index,Pielou evenness index,and species richness index of plant communities increased continuously with increasing restoration age,while plant diversity indices were mainly driven by the changes in soil electrical conductivity.In addition,restoration age also promoted plant community stability,which was significantly and negatively related to soil electric conductivity,available phosphorus and available potassium,and positively related to available nitrogen concentration.With the proceeding of restoration,soil environment and plant community structure improved continuously.Therefore,restoration projects can stimulate positive succession of community and improve the stability of coastal wetland ecosystems
    corecore