Research on production logistics simulation of J company based on Flexsim Platform

对于制造型企业而言，生产物流系统关系着企业能否正常生产运营，它的优劣直接影响着企业成本收益和生产效率，从而进一步关系到企业在市场上的竞争力。而生产物流系统是一个复杂的系统，为了能够更好地分析生产物流系统，选择适当的分析方法尤为重要。近年来仿真技术飞速发展，可以更加直观方便的对生产物流系统进行建模分析，可以对未来的规划项目进行模拟仿真，降低风险，增加可靠性。 本文以J公司为例，运用Flexsim的仿真方法分析其客车生产车间的生产物流系统。在总结了各类生产物流建模方法的基础上选择运用Petri网对J客车公司生产物流系统进行建模分析，将J公司较为复杂的生产流程用简单的逻辑图概括出来；选取J公司生产...For manufacturing enterprise, the production logistics system can affect the normal production operations, Enterprise cost income and production efficiency; then further affect the competitiveness of enterprises in the market. And Production logistics system is a complex system, In order to have a better analysis of the production logistics system, the selection of a suitable analytical method is ...学位：工程硕士院系专业：管理学院_物流工程学号：1772011115111

The taxonomic study on the Calligonum mongolicum and its related species

本文在野外考察和实验室工作相结合的基础上，研究了在分类学上具有争议的蒙古沙拐枣（Calligonum mongolicum Turcz.）和其相关种 [戈壁沙拐枣(C. gobicum A. Los.)、甘肃沙拐枣(C. chinense A. Los.）、小沙拐枣(C. pumilum A. Los.）、阿拉善沙拐枣（C. alashanicum A. Los.）、柴达木沙拐枣（C. zaidamense A. Los.）、塔里木沙拐枣（C. roborowskii A. Los.）、吉木乃沙拐枣（C. jimunaicum Z. M. Mao.）等]的分类学关系，主要分析了这几个种果实性状的变异特征、染色体基数、染色体核型、生境土壤特征及分子水平的遗传多样性等，其中着重分析了蒙古沙拐枣和小沙拐枣的分类学关系。该研究探讨了蒙古沙拐枣和其相关种的果实指标作为分类学依据的可行性，填补了沙拐枣属植物的核型研究的空白，研究了果实大小差异产生的原因，应用微卫星技术初步探讨了栽培蒙古沙拐枣的遗传多样性。主要研究结果如下：果实形状、果实长度、果实果宽、刺毛长度、两刺间距、两肋间距、瘦果形状、瘦果长度、瘦果宽度、每肋刺行数、果实大小，共11个果实性状指标都在单株内、单株间与不同居群间表现出不同程度的差异，但它们的变异程度有所不同。果实性状在蒙古沙拐枣的不同居群之间的差异都达到极显著，在蒙古沙拐枣及其相关种的各居群之间也达到极显著。果实性状聚类分析的结果表明，地理距离比较近的居群可聚为一支。蒙古沙拐枣的果实性状和其相关种之间呈现复杂的交叉现象，说明蒙古沙拐枣与其相关种的传统分类学依据模糊，作为其分类学研究依据不够充分。不同地理分布的蒙古沙拐枣的染色体数目为2n=18和2n=27，在M2的居群中出现了比较罕见的异源三倍体（2n=3x=27）现象，不同地理分布的居群染色体核型公式相似，分别为2n=2x=18=8m+10sm和2n=3x=27=8m+8sm+2st（M2）；2n=2x=18=8m+8sm+2st（M3）和2n=2x=18=6m+12sm（M4），染色体参数的变化范围不大。小沙拐枣的核型公式为2n=2x=18=8m+8sm+2st.；戈壁沙拐枣的核型公式为2n=2x=18=4m+14sm；阿拉善沙拐枣的核型公式为2n=2x=18=6m+12sm；甘肃沙拐枣的核型公式为2n=2x=18=10m+8sm。蒙古沙拐枣及其相关种的生境中的土壤，按我国土壤质地分类标准均可归入砂土组的粗砂土。其土壤粒径大部分为1 mm以下，基本上占到了50%以上；随土壤深度的变化土壤中的N和P的含量变化规律复杂，K含量变化规律相似。蒙古沙拐枣及其相关种的生境土壤有机质和有机碳的变化规律相似。根据蒙古沙拐枣及其相关种的生境土壤类型可以划分为6种类型，生境类型多样。蒙古沙拐枣及其相关种的不同居群的果实大小和其居群土壤环境中的有机碳含量呈现显著的相关关系（r=0.287, p=0.000），和其居群土壤环境中的有机质的含量也呈现显著的相关关系（r=0.248, p=0.000）。总盐含量和全盐含量是不同种之间土壤环境元素中主成分特征根最大（0.985, 0.976）的两个因子，蒙古沙拐枣的不同居群的果实大小和其居群土壤环境的总盐含量呈现显著的相关关系（r=0.522, p=0.000），不同种居群之间的土壤全盐含量和果实的大小之间也呈现显著的相关关系（r=0.429, p=0.000）。蒙古沙拐枣与小沙拐枣的果实形态，冠幅与植株高度的形态学分析结果显示它们具有很大的相似性，居群内和居群间果实特征的交叉现象显著存在；冠幅在居群间和两种之间显著差异，植株高度同种居群间差异显著但是在两种之间差异不显著，两种的染色体数目相同（2n=18），染色体核型公式相似；基于以上证据将小沙拐枣归并于蒙古沙拐枣，并修订蒙古沙拐枣在《中国植物志》中的描述。根据吐鲁番沙漠植物园定植的蒙古沙拐枣ISSR研究表明，其单株个体之间存在分子水平的遗传多样性。通过综合对比蒙古沙拐枣及其相关种在志书描述中的形态学特征，发现其外部形态上交叉融合，平行呈现，作为分类的依据存在困难和不确定性。细胞的研究工作证明了其在遗传上存在这一定的亲缘关系，我们认为也许是由于地理隔断的生态效应造成了外部形态，尤其是其果实形态的差异，因此我们认为蒙古沙拐枣与戈壁沙拐枣、甘肃沙拐枣、小沙拐枣和阿拉善沙拐枣其果实大小的形态差异主要是由于生境的差异造成的，由于其外部形态的相似性，建议将戈壁沙拐枣、甘肃沙拐枣、小沙拐枣、阿拉善沙拐枣归并为蒙古沙拐枣。In this paper, fieldwork and laboratory work on the combination. The research focus on the controversial taxonomic study on the Calligonum mongolicum Turcz. and its related species (C. gobicum A. Los., C. chinens A. Los., C. pumilum A. Los., C. alashanicum A. Los., C. zaidamens A. Los.e, C. roborowskii A. Los., C. jimunaicum Z. M. Mao. and so on）whose have the relationships among the individuals and populations based on 11 fruit characters, chromosome base, karyotypes, soil characteristics and genetic diversity so on, especially the taxonomic relationship between C. mongolicum and C. pumilum. The study discusses wether it is reasonable that the classification of the fruits of indicators as the basis of the feasibility study; the karyotypes studies fill a gap in the kayotypes of Calligonum, studied the causes of differences fruit size. The main researching results were as following: There are significant difference among the natural individuals and the populations based on the 11 fruit characters such as the length of fruit (LF)，width of fruit (WF), the length of seta (LS), the space between seta (SS), the space between ribs (SR)，the length of achenes(LA ) and width of achenes (WA), and to calculate the fruit form (FF = LF/WF), the achene form (AF=LA/WA), the fruit size (FZ), the achene size (AZ) and the number of rows of bristles in each rib. The degrees of variation of morphological traits in the same population are different. The individual plants within the same population of C. mongolicum and its related sapecies all indicated the significant differences in fruit morphology. There are significant differences in fruit characters among the populations in C. mongolicum, the results show that the differences of fruit characters among the populations of C. mongolicum and its related sapecies are distinct, too. Fruit traits cluster analysis results showed that the geographical distance of more recent populations can be clustered into one. The fruit traits of C. mongolicum and its related species cross a complex phenomenon. That indicate the traditional taxonomy based on the fuzzy, and the present taxonomic study is insufficient. The chromosome numbers of C. mongolicum include two types 18 & 27, there is a special rare heterologous triploid 2n =3x=27 in its M2 populations. There are diploids and triploids in this species. The karyotype formulas are 2n=2x=18=8m+10sm & 3n=3x=27=8m+8sm+2st (M2); meanwhile we find that the karyotype formulas are 2n=2x=18=8m+8sm+2st in M3 and 2n=2x=18=6m+12sm in M4，which all have the similar chromosome parameters.The karyotype formulas are 2n=2x=18=8m+8sm+2st in C. pumilum, 2n=2x=18=4m+14sm in C. gobicum，2n=2x=18=10m+8sm in C. chinens，2n=2x=18=6m+12sm in C. alashanicum. The associated habitats of soil in C. mongolicum and its related species, according to our country soil texture classification criteria can be classified as coarse sand group. Most of the soil particle size 1 mm below basically accounted for more than 50%; with soil depth in the soil N and P content changes of the complex, K changes of similar content. The habitats of soil organic matter and organic carbon changes in similarity. Soil types can be divided into 6 habitat types. The fruit size (FS) and the organic carbon content in the soil of C. mongolicum and its related species showed significant correlation（r=0.287, p=0.000）, organic matter content also showed a significant correlation between them（r=0.248，p=0.000）. The salt content and total salt content are the two biggest factors in the salinity of the soil (0.985，0.976), The fruit size (FS) and salt content in the soil of C. mongolicum and its related species showed significant correlation（r=0.522, p=0.000）, the total salt also showed a significant correlation between them(r=0.429，p=0.000). Morphological variations among individuals and populations of Calligonum mongolicum and C. pumilum are investigated in the present paper. The chromosome evidence for both species is also presented in this paper and found to be the same (2n = 18), combining the overlap and variation in the characters of morphology, there are variable and overlapping states of NRR in C. mongolicum and C. pumilumthe similar variational ranges and complexes relationships of fruit characters, Because of the overlap and variation in the characters of canopy area (CA) and heights (H) of C. mongolicum and C. pumilum these traits are not taxonomically reliable to distinguish these two species. We suggest that C. pumilum should be placed into C. mongolicum and we further discuss improvements for the description of C. mongolicum in Flora of China. Through comparing the description of C. mongolicum and its related species in the Flora of China and our observation, we found there are variable and overlapping states among the morphologies of C. mongolicum and its related species, especially the key taxonomic characters---fruit characters can not be used as straightforward and feasible evidence. According to the ISSR analyses results on C. mongolicum, which are planted in Turpan Desert Botanical Garden, there are certain genetic diversities among the individuals in C. mongolicum. Cytological researches prove C. mongolicum, C. pumilum, C. gobicum, C. chinense and C. alashanicum have the same chromosome number and the similar karyotypes, combine the significant correlation between fruit size and its soil content, we think the geo-ecological effects cause the external morphology variety among them, due to they have similar external morphology and similar karyotypes, we suggeust that C. pumilum, C. gobicum, C. chinense and C. alashanicum can be placed into C. mongolicum

新疆沙冬青和蒙古沙冬青叶片及其生境土壤中15种无机元素的含量比较

采用单道扫描等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP)和微波消解仪测定了新疆沙冬青和蒙古沙冬青两种珍稀植物的叶片及生境土壤环境中15种无机元素(Al、B、Ca、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn、Na、Ba、La、Co、Ni、Pb、Rb和Ti)的含量,其中两种沙冬青叶片及生境土壤中含量最大的元素均为Ca,最小的均为Co.应用两个独立样本检验(Independent-samples T Test)中的曼-惠特尼U检验法(Mann-Whitney U)分析15种无机元素的差异性,结果显示,两种沙冬青的土壤环境相似;叶片的无机元素除了5种元素(B、Fe、Co、Ni和Ti)呈现显著性差异以外,其余元素含量差异不显著;通过比较叶片和土壤的元素含量发现,15种元素均呈现显著性差异;通过叶片内无机元素的浓度与生境土壤中该元素浓度的比值比较,发现Pb和Ti两种元素的叶片内浓度与生境土壤中浓度比值存在显著差异.图1表7参2

我国沙拐枣属(Calligonum L.)天然群落的土壤理化性质

在野外调查取样与室内分析的基础上,研究了我国沙拐枣属(Calligonum L.)群落天然分布区的土壤理化性质。结果表明:土壤机械组成以细砂粒与中砂粒为主;pH值为7.72~8.96,呈中性偏碱性;盐分含量的空间变异性大,差异显著;有机质积累少,养分和有机质含量偏低,并未表现出明显的变化;依据土壤理化性质,将我国沙拐枣属不同天然群落的土壤划分为4种类型,其中低盐化与强碱化的风沙土是我国沙拐枣属群落土壤分布最广的类型。土壤pH值所表现出的弱变异水平表明,土壤pH是影响沙拐枣属天然群落生长与分布的重要因子。沙拐枣属植物能够在我国荒漠地区作为典型的固沙先锋植物,在生态修复中应根据沙拐枣属不同群落的土壤理化性质来选择适宜的物种

中国特有植物艾比湖沙拐枣(Calligonum ebi-nuricum)居群内果实性状的变异

以中国荒漠特有植物艾比湖沙拐枣(Calligonum ebi-nuricum)果实形态特征为研究对象,对分布于原产区的同一居群12个样株的果实进行形态特征比较研究。通过每株30粒果实的喙长、果实长度、果实宽度、果实形状、瘦果长度、瘦果宽度、瘦果形状、刺毛长度、头部刺毛长度、两肋间距、两刺间距11个性状指标的数值分析表明:在株内与株间均有变异,株间果实性状变异较株内果实性状变异大;代表果实和瘦果大小指标正相关性极显著(p<0.01);两肋间距与瘦果形状呈负相关(r=-0.297**,p<0.01)。研究结果证明:其果实形状和瘦果形状(长度、宽度及长宽比)较为稳定,可作为艾比湖沙拐枣的分种依据,而其它果实性状可塑性较大,只能作为分类的参考。该研究结果可供沙拐枣属其它种的准确分类参考

Simulation and predictive control based on spline interpolation model of batch distillation

Batch distillation is a widely used separation process in chemical engineering. Due to the comparatively small investment and flexibility in production, batch distillation has found various industrial applications in biopharmaceuticals, fine chemicals production and foods processing. To guarantee high product quality, modeling and advanced process control for batch distillation have received significant attention. As an unsteady state dynamic process with strong nonlinearity, however, it is still not easy for engineers to design a control system on the basis of a simple model to guarantee good control performance for batch distillation. In this paper, by using the batch distillation model in Aspen Batch Distillation &#174;(ABD) as prototype, the process data of tower residual liquid and distillate compositions under different reflux ratios were obtained firstly. Based on the process data, then, the distillate volume and concentration of the process were formulated by the steady-state spline interpolation models(SIM). To compensate the dynamic error caused by variation of reflux ratios, a simple dynamic model was identified and combined with the steady-state SIM, resulting in a simple dynamic SIM for batch distillation. The comparison of the responses of the proposed SIM and ABD model to the time-varying reflux ratio indicated the applicability and precision of the proposed SIM. By using the SIM as the prediction model, a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm was further proposed for the concentration control of batch distillation. Numerical simulations demonstrated the applicability and robustness of the proposed control scheme for batch distillation with different feed compositions. The proposed control scheme lays a solid foundation for the further studies on online optimization of batch distillation. 漏 All Rights Reserved

沙拐枣属(Calligonum L.)植物物候对长期气温变化的响应/The Phenophase Response of Calligonum L.in Turpan Eremophytes Botanic Garden to Temperature Change in Recent 29 Years[J]

由新疆维吾尔自治区气象信息中心提供的1977 2006年吐鲁番气象资料统计得知:近29年气候有变暖趋势,线性变暖速率为每10年0.72℃,29年来吐鲁番地区年平均气温共上升2.06℃.结合吐鲁番沙漠植物园沙拐枣属植物的物候观测积累资料,分析了4个组的芽膨胀、开始展叶、同化枝开始变色、同化枝初落的时间变化趋势及其与温度变化的响应关系.结果表明:(1)1977年以来,沙拐枣属(Calligonum L.)植物刺果组(Sect.Medusa Sosk.et Alexandr)物候期最晚;同化枝开始变色为泡果组(Sect.Calliphysa (Fisch.et Mey.) Borszcz)晚于翅果组;其他3种物候期中,泡果组物候期最早,基翅组(Sect.Calligonum)和翅果组(Sect.Pterococcus (Pall.) Borszcz)均居中.4个组的芽膨胀和开始展叶时间大部分呈提前趋势,同化枝开始变色和同化枝初落时间呈推后趋势.(2)4个组的芽膨胀与年平均气温、春季气温呈显著负相关(p＜0.05).年平均气温每升高1℃,泡果组、刺果组、基翅组、翅果组的芽膨胀时间分别提前4.5d、4.3d、4.1d、8.3d;同化枝开始变色和同化枝初落时间变化不明显.芽膨胀对温度变化的响应程度显著大于同化枝开始变色和同化枝初落

蒙古沙拐枣(Calligonum mongolicum)与其相关种的果实形态差异性分析/Difference of Fruit Morphological Characters of Calligonum mongolicum and Related Species[J]

在野外考察和实验室工作相结合的基础上,以沙拐枣属(Calligonum L.)主要的分类学依据--果实形态为对象,研究了在分类学上具有争议的蒙古沙拐枣(C.mongolicum)和其相关种[戈壁沙拐枣(C.gobicum)、甘肃沙拐枣(C.chinense)、小沙拐枣(C.pumilum)、阿拉善沙拐枣(C.alashanicum)、柴达木沙拐枣(C.zaidamense)、塔里木沙拐枣(C.roborowskii)]的分类学关系.其果实形状、果实长度、果实果宽、刺毛长度、两刺间距、两肋间距、瘦果形状、瘦果长度、瘦果宽度、每肋刺行数、果实大小,共11个果实性状指标都在不同居群间表现出不同程度的变异.果实性状在蒙占沙拐枣不同居群之间的差异均达到极显著,在蒙古沙拐枣及其相关种的各居群之间也达到极显著.果实性状聚类分析的结果表明,地理距离比较近的居群可聚为一支.蒙古沙拐枣和其相关种之间的果实性状平行呈现,形成复杂的多形交叉现象.基于以上的研究结果.建议将6个相关种归并于蒙古沙拐枣

沙拐枣属4种植物同地栽培开花物候与生殖特性比较/Comparison of Flowering Phenology and Reproductive Traits of Four Species of Calligonum L. （Polygonaceae） under Ex-situ Conservation at the Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden in Xinjiang, China[J]

选取吐鲁番沙漠植物园同地栽培的沙拐枣属（Calligonum L．）4种植物，在群体、个体、枝条、同化枝和单花5个水平上，2007-2009年连续进行开花物候和生殖特性研究。主要结论如下：①4a中4种沙拐枣的各项开花物候参数相似，2010年各项物候参数明显推迟，4月中旬的温度是影响开花时间的主要因素。②在个体和群体水平上，泡果沙拐枣（C．calliphysa）和红皮沙拐枣（C．rubicundum）相似，表现为“集中开花模式”，花期重叠指数较高，达79．99％～100％，密刺沙拐枣（c．densum）和艾比湖沙拐枣（c．ebinuricum）相似，表现为“持续开花模式”，花期重叠指数较高，为51．79％～79．82％，4个种的共有重叠期较短。③在枝条水平上，泡果沙拐枣和红皮沙拐枣开花物候特征也表现相似，为开放集中，开花振幅高；密刺沙拐枣和艾比湖沙拐枣表现相似，为开放时间长，开花振幅低。④在同化枝水平上，开花数、持续时间和同化枝长度在种间和年际间均有不同程度的差异，同化枝水平的始花位置种间也具有差异，表现为泡果沙拐枣、红皮沙拐枣一密刺沙拐枣始花位置主要集中在第2、3关节，艾比湖沙拐枣通常在第4关节。⑤在单花水平上，泡果沙拐枣、红皮沙拐枣、密刺沙拐枣、艾比湖沙拐枣的单花开放持续时间分别为（9．14±0．26）h、（12．95±1．07）h、（10．69±1．75）h、（22．40±1．92）h。⑥在同化枝水平上，4种沙拐枣开花高峰期的坐果率较高，开花数目与坐果数显著正相关；坐果数和开花位置有一定的关系，表现为着生花多的关节坐果数也高，其中，泡果沙拐枣的花和果主要集中在第2、3、4关节，红皮沙拐枣集中在第3、4、5关节，密刺沙拐枣集中在第2、3、4、5关节，艾比湖沙拐枣集中在第4、5、6关节