Investigation on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Long-Grouped High Speed Train Subjected to Crosswind

采用定常RANS方法,对长大编组高速列车的横风气动特性进行分析,从流场特性和气动力特性两个方面开展研究。结果表明,横风条件下,列车表面流动现象非常丰富,列车首尾流线型存在较多流动分离、再附等现象,且受横风侧偏角影响较大。在列车背风侧出现两个以上的复杂分离涡系,从列车头车下部开始,向列车下游发展并逐渐远离列车车体。分离涡系是列车承受非定常气动力的根源。列车头车是侧向力、滚转力矩最严峻的车厢,且随着横风侧偏角增大,侧向力、滚转力矩逐渐增大,列车行车环境逐渐恶化

Application of the fluid-structure interaction technique in the design of a giant sculpture

在某大型雕塑作品的设计中,风力作用下雕塑结构的顶点位移至关重要,它决定了作品能否实现预想中风吹草舞的景观效果。由于该雕塑不是单一结构,它的各组成部分之间的流场干扰将对风荷载下的结构响应产生较大的影响,所以为了对景观效果进行预测,同时进一步验证结构在设计风速下的安全性,在按规范进行风荷载校核之外,该文建立了一种流固耦合的计算技术,对雕塑结构进行了细致的分析。首先将该耦合方法应用于单一结构进行验证分析,通过结构顶点最大位移的计算值与规范估算公式所得值的比较验证了该文方法的准确性;在此基础上针对复杂雕塑结构进行了耦合分析,给出了在不同强风条件下结构顶点的位移响应特性;然后对不同风强条件下的安全性进行了评估,确立了该雕塑作品在实际风条件下的适用性

Surface texture analysis for ultra-precision flycutting machining based on the dynamic characteristics of machine tools

采用超精密飞切加工技术可获得软脆性平面光学元件的最终表面,而元件表面微观形貌的加工可控性对于光学元件使用性能有直接影响。首先运用多尺度小波分解方法,对飞切机床的加工表面波纹进行了特征提取,得到了工件表面波纹的频率组成及占比;然后通过对机床主轴系统的有限元分析,结合冲击振动测试,找到了与工件表面波纹对应的模态;最后通过对机床的在线振动测试及加工实验进一步明确了飞切加工表面微波纹的成因。结果表明:表面波纹在17 mm左右的空间周期上存在最大的分量,显著影响光学元件的精度和使用效果,该波纹由主轴系统在间断切削的冲击响应所引起,可以通过改变主轴结构实现波纹频率和幅值的控制。Ultra-precision flycutting is widely used to machine soft and brittle plane optical elements,and the controllability of micro surface texture affects the performance of the element directly. The multi-scale wavelet decomposition was used to detect the wave feature of the optical element machined by flycutting machine tool,and the frequency and percent of the waves were achieved. The relevant modals of those waves were found by the finite element analysis and the response test of the spindle system. Particularly,online vibration test and machining experiments were conducted to verify the factor bringing about the micro surface texture on the element. The results show that the micro surface texture at a space period of 17 mm is the most prominent and will make worse observably the accuracy and application of the element,which is caused by the response of the spindle system during the machining process. In addition,modifying the structure of spindle system can make a difference on the amplitude and frequency of the wave.国家级基金(2013ZX04006011-102-001

明线会车、隧道会车及过隧道时的高速列车动力响应

明线会车、隧道会车和过隧道工况下的气动压力波对高速列车的动力响应和运行安全产生很大影响,本文建立了三辆编组的高速列车动力学模型,通过数值仿真得到了列车在三种工况下的车体所受的气动力,基于数值积分分析了列车的动力响应和脱轨系数。研究发现:明线会车和隧道会车工况相比,车辆的侧向运动相反。明线会车和过隧道时,气动载荷对列车的脱轨系数影响较小,而隧道会车时,气动载荷作用对尾车的安全性影响较大

国内高速列车气动噪声研究进展概述

随着运行速度的提升,气动噪声逐渐成为高速列车最主要的噪声源,并极有可能成为新设计高速列车的一个技术瓶颈。开展高速列车气动噪声研究,明晰高速列车气动噪声机理与规律,发展低噪声高速列车外形设计对更高速度级的高速列车研发具有重要意义。本文主要对自2010年以来国内进行的高速列车气动噪声研究进行梳理总结。首先详细介绍了高速列车气动噪声研究采用的一系列方法,主要从实车试验、风洞实验以及数值模拟方法三个方面展开。在掌握高速列车气动噪声研究方法的基础上,进而探讨了当前高速列车气动噪声研究的现状,重点就高速列车气动噪声源识别、主要噪声源机理与特性、噪声源优化等方向进行了阐述,并明确了当前研究获得的一些主要结论。最后简要探讨了高速列车气动噪声未来可能的研究方向

典型路基结构对高速列车横风气动特性影响分析

由于地域及环境的限制, 高速铁路采用多种路基结构如平直地面、不同高度路堤、高架桥等,当列车运行在路堤及高架桥上时,车体周围的绕流流场比平直地面更加复杂。在强横风的作用下,不同的路基结构上的高速列车横风气动特性存在明显差异,不合理的路基结构将影响列车的横风安全性。同时列车结构复杂,转向架、受电弓等都对列车的流场特性有重要作用,过于简化的短编组列车外形不能够精细反映列车的真实气动特性。为研究典型路基结构对高速列车横风气动特性的影响,以9编组动力集中型高速列车实车为研究对象,考虑风挡、转向架、受电弓等细节特征,对列车运行速度为200 km/h,横风速度分别为20 m/s、30 m/s、35 m/s、40 m/s,路基结构分别为平直地面、3 m路堤、6 m路堤、高架桥等四种场景下的高速列车空气动力学性能进行了仿真计算和对比,分析了不同路基地面条件下列车的横风气动特性的差异及规律,为横风条件下复杂路基结构的列车运行安全控制提供了参考

Influences of affiliated components and train length on the train wind

The induced airflow from passing trains, which is recognized as train wind, usually has adverse impacts on people in the surroundings, i.e., the aerodynamic forces generated by a high-speed train&#39;s wind may act on the human body and endanger the safety of pedestrians or roadside workers. In this paper, an improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) method is used to study train wind. The effects of the affiliated components and train length on train wind are analyzed. The results indicate that the affiliated components and train length have no effect on train wind in the area in front of the leading nose. In the downstream and wake regions, the longitudinal train wind becomes stronger as the length of the train increases, while the transverse train wind is not affected. The presence of affiliated components strengthens the train wind in the near field of the train because of strong flow solid interactions but has limited effects on train wind in the far field.</span

Drag reduction using riblets downstream of a high Reynolds number inclined forward step flow

Micro-riblet is an efficient passive method for controlling turbulent boundary layers, with the potential to reduce frictional drag. In various applications within the transportation industry, flow separation is a prevalent flow phenomenon. However, the precise drag reduction performance of riblets in the presence of flow separation remains unclear. To address this, an inclined forward step model is proposed to investigate the interaction between riblet and upstream flow separation. The large eddy simulation (LES) method is applied to simulate the flow over geometries with different step angles and riblet positions. The results show riblets still reduce wall frictional resistance when subjected to the upstream flow separation. Remarkably, as the angle of the step increases from 0 degrees to 30 degrees, the drag reduction experiences an increment from 9.5% to 12.6%. From a turbulence statistics standpoint, riblets act to suppress the Reynold stress in the near-wall region and dampen ejection motions, thus weakening momentum exchange. Quadrant analysis reveals that with the augmentation of flow separation, the Q2 motion within the flow field intensifies, subsequently enhancing the riblet-induced drag reduction. Moreover, the position of the rib lets has a significant impact on the pressure drag. Riblets close to the point of separation enhance flow separation, altering the surface pressure distribution and thus increasing the resistance. The results reveal that when the riblets are positioned approximately 160 riblet heights away from the step, their effect on the upstream flow separation becomes negligible. The precise performance of riblets under complex flow conditions is important for their practical engineering application

Parametric design and optimization of high speed train nose

Aiming at shortening the design period and improve the design efficiency of the nose shape of high speed trains, a parametric shape optimization method is developed for the design of the nose shape has been proposed in the present paper based on the VMF parametric approach, NURBS curves and discrete control point method. 33 design variables have been utilized to control the nose shape, and totally different shapes could be obtained by varying the values of design variables. Based on the above parametric method, multi-objective particle swarm algorithm, CFD numerical simulation and supported vector machine regression model, multi-objective aerodynamic shape optimization has been performed. Results reveal that the parametric shape design method proposed here could precisely describe the three-dimensional nose shape of high speed trains and could be applied to the concept design and optimization of the nose shape. Besides, the SVM regression model based the multi-points criterion could accurately describe the non-linear relationship between the design variables and objectives, and could be generally utilized in other fields. No matter the simplified model or the real model, the aerodynamic performance of the model after optimization has been greatly improved. Based on the SVR model, the nonlinear relation between the aerodynamic drag and the design variables is obtained, which could provide guidance for the engineering design and optimization

Parametric design and optimization of high speed train nose

Aiming at shortening the design period and improve the design efficiency of the nose shape of high speed trains, a parametric shape optimization method is developed for the design of the nose shape has been proposed in the present paper based on the VMF parametric approach, NURBS curves and discrete control point method. 33 design variables have been utilized to control the nose shape, and totally different shapes could be obtained by varying the values of design variables. Based on the above parametric method, multi-objective particle swarm algorithm, CFD numerical simulation and supported vector machine regression model, multi-objective aerodynamic shape optimization has been performed. Results reveal that the parametric shape design method proposed here could precisely describe the three-dimensional nose shape of high speed trains and could be applied to the concept design and optimization of the nose shape. Besides, the SVM regression model based the multi-points criterion could accurately describe the non-linear relationship between the design variables and objectives, and could be generally utilized in other fields. No matter the simplified model or the real model, the aerodynamic performance of the model after optimization has been greatly improved. Based on the SVR model, the nonlinear relation between the aerodynamic drag and the design variables is obtained, which could provide guidance for the engineering design and optimization