49 research outputs found

    Voice Alarm System in Emergency Evacuation

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    Under emergency situations such as large fires, floods, hazardousmaterials, etc., incident commander have to manage an evacuation in help of alarm systems (audible or/and visual notification). This article reviewed selected literature relevant to ergonomics of alarm systems (esp. voice alarm system) in emergency evacuation, and occupants’ response behavior to the voice alarm. The literature cited is of world-wide origin, and is mainly from China,Canada and U.S.. At the end of the article, future directions in the research area are recommended

    A Study on the Vertical Navigation of High Rise Buildings

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    Scroll bar and stab touch screen controls were designed and&nbsp;compared to a soft keyboard to help firefighters perform vertical navigation&nbsp;tasks for high-rise buildings depicted on a graphical display. 18 male subjects&nbsp;were asked to accomplish three experimental tasks: 1) input floor number and&nbsp;navigate to the floor, 2) switch the current floor to another one that was two&nbsp;floors higher/lower, and 3) check around the floors in the high rise to find the&nbsp;one on fire. Task completion time and number of screen operations were&nbsp;recorded. Results showed that, keyboard method of floor selection was the&nbsp;fastest, and scroll bar the slowest. In Task 1 and Task 2, the least number of&nbsp;screen operations were shown with soft keyboard. But in Task 3, keyboard was&nbsp;slowest. The other two control methods were not sensitive to tasks. Design&nbsp;implications for scroll bar and stab controls are discussed.&nbsp;</div

    Selectivity of biopolymer membranes using HepG2 cells

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    Bioartificial liver (BAL) system has emerged as an alternative treatment to bridge acute liver failure to either liver transplantation or liver regeneration. One of the main reasons that the efficacy of the current BAL systems was not convincing in clinical trials is attributed to the lack of friendly interface between the membrane and the hepatocytes in liver bioreactor, the core unit of BAL system. Here, we systematically compared the biological responses of hepatosarcoma HepG2 cells seeded on eight, commercially available biocompatible membranes made of acetyl cellulose&ndash;nitrocellulose mixed cellulose (CA&ndash;NC), acetyl cellulose (CA), nylon (JN), polypropylene (PP), nitrocellulose (NC), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polycarbonate (PC) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Physicochemical analysis and mechanical tests indicated that CA, JN and PP membranes yield high adhesivity and reasonable compressive and/or tensile features with friendly surface topography for cell seeding. Cells prefer to adhere on CA, JN, PP or PTFE membranes with high proliferation rate in spheriod-like shape. Actin, albumin and cytokeratin 18 expressions are favorable for cells on CA or PP membrane, whereas protein filtration is consistent among all the eight membranes. These results further the understandings of cell growth, morphology and spreading, as well as protein filtration on distinct membranes in designing a liver bioreactor.</p

    An Experimental Study on Effects of Verbal Communication on Driving

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    &nbsp; &nbsp; 随着信息时代的到来,随着人机界面的设计日益智能化,如何将信息交流的功能与高性能汽车结合起来,使现代生活中的驾驶更为高效、安全,是本研究试图探讨的问题。 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 本研究从心理负荷的角度探讨驾驶界面中信息交流与驾驶操作之间的相互影响。目前驾驶过程中的信息交流主要利用移动通讯设备进行。由于移动通讯在我国的迅猛发展只有几年的历史,为了真实反映目前驾驶过程中移动通讯设备、电子显示设备的使用情况,首先对105名司机进行了问卷调查,调查结果为后续实验中实验任务与材料的选取提供了依据。然后,在现场环境下,将驾驶难度分为高、中、低三个水平,在主观评价与客观测量手段中寻程,并在句子加工与段落加工两个水平上进一步分解,用句子理解、段落理解、造句、自由回答四种言语交流任务与之一一对应,考查了言语交流与真实驾驶的相互影响。最后,为实验室实验开发了一套基于PC机的模拟驾驶系统,并在该系统平台上,按照道路复杂性与不确定性将驾驶难度进一步细分为直路、弯路、路障直路与路障弯路四个水平,在探讨言语交流与模拟驾驶操作的相互影响的同时,还探讨了人的剩余加工资源随驾驶难度与言语交流任务的变化而变化的规律,从而揭示出红效应出现的条件。 本研究得出以下结论: 1)现场实验与实验室实验的结果均支持NASA-TLX主观评价法是有效而敏感的心理&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 负荷测评方法。一方面可以反映出驾驶负荷的量随任务难度的增加而增长:另一&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 方面,主观评价法进一步揭示出完成言语交流与驾驶双任务时,负荷提高的原因&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 在于时间压力的加大。客观驾驶难度同样是敏感、有效的心理负荷测量方法。其&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 优点在于可以实时动态地反映任务操作过程中负荷的变化。 2)在本研究中,言语交流对驾驶负荷有显著影响,其中言语理解过程比言语产生过&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 程对驾驶的影响更大。同时,驾驶的均方根误差受言语交流任务影响较大,表明&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 驾驶操作在言语交流同时进行时变得很不稳定。反之,驾驶对言语交流有显著影&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 响:对于言语理解任务而言,反应时可以敏感、准确地反映出随驾驶难度变化的&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 趋势;对于言语产生任务而言,语速随驾驶难度的增加而减慢,言语重复次数增&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 多。 3)从客观驾驶难度与视觉选择反应时两个指标上均反映出,在各种言语任务与各种难度的驾驶任务组合中,被试剩余加工资源量的变化。一方面从视觉选择反应的成绩变化上明确地揭示出&ldquo;红线&rdquo;(red line)的存在,另一方面从客观驾驶难度指标上也发现被试在负荷达到一定水平后对自身承受的心理负荷进行着主动的调节,以尽量避免红线的出现。</p

    影响X光行李检测漏检率的因素及提高检出率的方法

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    利用安检漏洞是进行恐怖袭击的重要环节,空港安检关系到乘客的生命安全与国家的国土安全和政治稳定。从心理学角度分析,安检是典型的视觉搜索过程,其特点在于事件率极低(<<1%),背景复杂,噪音大,长期以来安检漏报率居高不下。本研究拟在分析漏报原因的 基础上,对影响X光行李安检漏报率的重要因素展开研究,通过行为实验探索警戒水平随时间推移的变化规律,揭示奖惩方式与事件率变化对检测评判标准的调节,并通过眼动指标揭示行李安检任务的认知过程;从优化图像显示的角度揭示背景复杂性、三视图显示和多角度似动显示对搜索效率的影响机制;通过对比资深安检人员与新手的眼动搜索模式,揭示专家知识的作用;最后根据眼动模式、搜索策略、和视觉搜索的时间特性提出对新手进行干预训练的方法。研究成果不仅有助于提高X光行李安检的检测率,为安检设备的图像显示提供设计原则,同时为安检人员的选拔和训练提供心理学的指导

    一种基于模拟驾驶的心理负荷测量系统

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    本发明提供一种基于模拟驾驶的心理负荷测量系统,包括用于生成模拟驾驶场景的模拟场景显示模块、用于执行模拟驾驶动作的模拟驾驶模块、用于对模拟驾驶过程中的心理状态进行检测的心理状况记录模块;其中,模拟驾驶模块包括对用户的驾驶行为进行记录的数据采集装置;模拟场景显示模块根据预先设定的驾驶任务显示模拟驾驶场景,用户根据模拟驾驶场景在模拟驾驶模块上进行驾驶操作,数据采集装置采集并记录用户的模拟驾驶行为,并将与模拟驾驶行为有关的数据反馈到模拟场景显示模块,以实时更新模拟场景显示模块所显示的驾驶场景;与模拟驾驶行为有关的数据还被发送到心理状况记录模块,心理状况记录模块检测用户在不同路况和任务难度下的心理负荷
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