Several Applications of Physical Chemistry in Lab-on-Chip

芯片实验室（LabonaChip）是一个多学科高度交叉的研究新领域，它采用微加工技术将传统的化学、生物实验室缩小并集成到芯片的尺度，为化学生物过程的研究提供一个微型化的平台。由于具有微型化、集成化、自动化、分析速度快、样品消耗少等诸多优点，芯片实验室在药物筛选、临床诊断、环境监测等领域具有巨大的应用前景。 芯片实验室的单元尺寸一般为微米至亚毫米量级，该尺度下许多物理化学规律将发生显著变化，表现在许多与表面相关的性质，如浸润性、电渗及表面张力等成为主要因素。研究芯片中这些特殊表面性质，对于进一步了解芯片中微观物理化学现象与规律及开发新的微单元操作技术具有重要意义。因此物理化学不仅为芯片实验室领...Lab-on-chip is a multi-disciplinary technology, which adopted microfabrication technology to miniaturize the traditional laboratory into chips and provided platforms for studying the processes of chemistry and biology. Due to the advantages such as miniaturization, integration, automotivation, fast-analysis and low-consumption, lab-on-chip has been found widespread application prospect in many fie...学位：理学博士院系专业：化学化工学院化学系_物理化学(含化学物理)学号：1912005140308

Fabrication of Glass Microfluidic Chips By Electrochemical Micromachining

玻璃微流控芯片在许多领域已经得到较广泛的应用,但目前的加工需要繁琐的步骤及昂贵的设备进行图形转移及金属牺牲层开窗口。本文提出一种快速制作金属牺牲层图形窗口以用于玻璃微流控芯片加工的方法。以CO2激光直写加工PET膜模板,微细电解加工玻璃基片上的铬/金牺牲层快速获得窗口,湿法腐蚀及热键合制作玻璃微流控芯片。结果表明该法可在10秒内开窗口,电解加工过程使用的模板厚度、电解液组成及施加的压力与电压对窗口的质量都有显著影响。加工的微通道宽度为145μm,边缘整齐,宽度均匀,相对标准偏差为3.72%,深度25μm,底部平整度高,并成功用于氨基酸混合液的芯片毛细管电泳分离。同时使用该方法加工的金微电极阵列,电极宽度为100μm,最小间距可达100μm。Glass is a popular material for microfluidic chip,but its fabrication process includes pattern transferring and window-opening on sacrificial metal layer by photolithography is time consuming and high cost.Here a simple and rapid method for window-opening was developed.Cr/Au sacrificial film was developed by electrochemical micromachining using a PET through-mask ablated with CO2 laser system.Window-opening could be finished within 10 seconds,and its quality depends on the thickness of the PET mask,component of electrolyte,the pressure and electric voltage applied.The width and depth of the fabricated microchannel are 145μm and 25μm respectively,relative standard deviation is 3.72%.Electrophoretic separation of amino acid mixture was carried out successfully using the fabricated glass chip.And gold microelectrode array with 100μm width and 100μm interval was fabricated by this method too.国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.20675066);; 教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金资助项

Electro-driving Permeation Performance of Nylon 6,6 Membrane

电驱动条件下膜分离性能的研究对膜在微流控芯片等微小器件中的应用具有重要的指导意义.研究了界面聚合的尼龙6,6膜的电驱动分离性能,并考察了电场强度、通电时间和温度等操作条件对SO42-和Cl-离子透过性能的影响.结果表明尼龙6,6膜具有较好的SO24-和Cl-离子透过性能,并且透过性能差异不大,离子透过百分比随电场强度和通电时间的增加而增加,而随温度的增加基本保持不变.而对fITC标记的甘氨酸和赖氨酸则能完全截留,截留分子量在500左右,具有部分纳滤膜性质.该膜可望应用于微型器件中氨基酸等有机与生物大分子的电驱动分离和浓缩.The study of separation properties of membrane under electro-driving condition is of an important guiding significance for the application of membrane in microdevices such as microfluidic chip.The electro-driving permeation performance of SO 24- and Cl- of Nylon 6,6 membrane which was prepared by interfacial polymerization was investigated, and effects of electric field, operation time and temperature on the SO 24- and Cl- permeation performance of Nylon 6,6 membrane were studied.Experimental results showed that the permeation percentage of SO 42- and Cl- are high and similar for nylon 6,6 membrane.Ion permeation percentage was increased with electric field strength and operation time, but not changed with temperature.However, FITC labeled glycine and lysine were blocked totally, the molecular weight cutoff is around 500.So in a broader sense, the synthesized nylon 6,6 membrane is one kind of nanofiltration membrane and could be used to separate and concentrate big organic or biological molecules in miniaturized devices.国家自然科学基金(No.20675066);国家基础科学人才培养基金(No.J0630429)资助项

Improving Quality of Microarray Chip Based on Superhydrophilic-Superhydrophobic Patterned Surface

Microarray chip including genechip has been of great application in fields of biology, quarantine, pharmacy and so on. Most of microarray chips were prepared by spotting aqueous droplet on the surface of substrate. Due to "coffee-ring stain effect" , there always was a denser perimeter where sample was concentrated during the process of droplet drying after spotting. So the ununiformity of spot caused by "coffee-ring stain effect" was one troublesome problem of the chip quality. Herein, superhydrophilic spot arrays on superhydrophobic AAO surface were fabricated to ease the "coffee-ring stain effect" . Furthermore, a protein array is prepared on this patterned surface where immunoreactions are carried out. As a result, spot uniformity is greatly improved in a wide range of concentration and volume.国家自然科学基金(批准号:20675066);; 中国科学院有机固体重点实验室开放基金资

Fabrication of the Mold for PDMS Microfluidic Chip By Hot Embossing Technology

提出了一种微流控芯片模具的快速批量制作方法。应用光刻与湿法腐蚀技术制作玻璃母模,然后采用热压成形技术批量制作聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)阳模,再利用阳模浇模、键合批量制作聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)微流控芯片。结果表明,该法制作的PMMA模具及复制得到的PDMS芯片平整度好、一致性高,其沟道宽度和深度的相对标准偏差分别小于0.5%和1.5%。A simple and rapid method for fabricating the mold for polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) microfluidic chip was presented.Polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) mould was performed quickly by hot embossing on glass substrate with groove structure fabricated by photolithography and wet etching,and PDMS microfluidic chips can be replicated from these PMMA moulds.The SEM and optical microscope images show the microstructure in the PMMA molds and PDMS chips has low relative standard deviation(RSD) values.福建省科技重点项目(2003H86

Y-shaped electric -field free electro -osmotic pump with small sub -channels in parallel

设计并制作了一种y型无电场电渗泵芯片,以聚电解质静电自组装技术在侧臂通道分别修饰正、负电荷形成电渗泵,实现中间主通道无电场干扰。侧臂由多个平行亚通道构成,以增强电渗泵流速。使用中性离子示踪法、毛细管法分别测定电渗泵流速与压强,考察了电场、亚通道个数及深度对流速与压强的影响。结果表明,流速、压强随外加电场增大而增大,并呈线性关系;流速随侧臂亚通道个数增大而增大,压强随通道深度减小而增大。当电场强度为600V/CM时,含9个深10μM、宽度25μM亚通道的电渗泵流速与压强分别为672nl/MIn和442PA。A novel Y-shaped electro-osmotic pump consisting of two arms which has small sub-channels in parallel was developed.Two arm-channels were modified with cationic and anio-nic polyelectrolyte respectively,allowing a field-free flow to be generated in main-channel.Flow rate and pressure were measured by particle tracking and capillary method respectively,and the influence of electric field, numbers and depth of sub-channel on flow rate and pressure was investigated as well.Results showed that both of flow rate and pumping pressure increased linearly with electric field.As the number of subchannels increases,the flow rate becomes higher by increasing the cross-sectional area at a constant electric field.Meanwhile,the pressure falls as depth of sub-channel increases.Flow rate and pumping pressure were 672nL/min and 442Pa respectively for the pump with 9 sub-channels(10am deep、25μm wide)in parallel,when electric field was 600V/cm.国家自然科学基金面上项目20675066;国家基础科学人才培养基金J0630429项目资

Improving quality of microarray chip based on superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic patterned surface

Microarray chip including genechip has been of great application in fields of biology, quarantine, pharmacy and so on. Most of microarray chips were prepared by spotting aqueous droplet on the surface of substrate. Due to "coffee-ring stain effect", there always was a denser perimeter where sample was concentrated during the process of droplet drying after spotting. So the ununiformity of spot caused by "coffee-ring stain effect" was one troublesome problem of the chip quality. Herein, superhydrophilic spot arrays on superhydrophobic AAO surface were fabricated to ease the" coffee-ring stain effect". Furthermore, a protein array is prepared on this patterned surface where immunoreactions are carried out. As a result, spot uniformity is greatly improved in a wide range of concentration and volume

Fabrication of Superhydrophilic Aluminum Oxide through Single-Step Anodic Oxidation

本文应用一步阳极氧化法在铝表面制作纳米粗糙结构的超亲水表面.考察控槽压、控电流及氧化时间对氧化铝表面超亲水性的影响.测试表明,控电流法更有利于制作超亲水表面,增大电流密度可缩短氧化时间,该法可制作稳定性好、机械强度高的超亲水氧化铝表面,富有潜在的应用价值.Hydrophilic aluminum oxide is popularly used for heat exchanger of air-condition.Herein,we developed a simple method to prepare superhydrophilic aluminum oxide on the surface of aluminum through single-step electrochemical oxidization.The morphologies and water contact angles on surfaces of alumina fabricated under different electrochemical conditions were investgated.Superhydrophilic surfaces fabricated by this method have good stability and high mechanical strength with water contact angle almost 0°.Coated with low surface energy materials,superhydrophilc alumina will be converted to superhydrophobic.作者联系地址：集美大学生物工程学院;厦门大学化学化工学院化学系;Author's Address: 1.Bio-tech Engineering College,Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,Fujian,China;2.Department of Chemistry,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,Fujian,Chin