Electrochemical Engineering of Carbon Nanodots

作为零维碳基发光纳米材料,碳点是对现有发光纳米材料的重要补充. 精准控制粒径及表面结构对实现碳点的性质调控及其应用至关重要. 本文介绍了本课题组在利用电化学方法研究荧光碳点方面的进展. 重点展示了利用电化学方法实现对碳点粒径的控制,对表面氧化程度的调节以及对其发光机理的研究. 电化学方法可对只有几纳米厚度的材料表面进行有效的控制,可操作性强且经济环保. 通过对碳点的粒径及表面的调控,作者也进一步揭示了碳点的发光与表面结构的相关性. 这些工作为碳点的合成及其性质调控提供了可循的规律,有利于推动碳点在生物医生成像、传感检测、催化及能源转化等领域的应用.Carbon nanodots (CNDs), as zero-dimensional carbonaceous fluorescent nanomaterials, are valuable add-ons to the current cohorts of fluorescent nanoparticles. The fine control over the size and the surface is the key to gain designated photophysical properties of CNDs as well as empowers CNDs in many applications. Herein, a series of electrochemical strategies to manipulate the size and the surface of CNDs and to identify the surface structures was presented. Accordingly, the understandings on the originals of photoluminescence as well as the pathways of electrochemiluminescence of CNDs were revealed. These studies demonstrated that electrochemical methods were easy to operate, cost-effective and efficient in altering thin layers of the surface on CNDs within a few nanometers. The key findings in the luminescence mechanism provided guidelines for the rational design of CNDs with suitable features, which could promote applications of CNDs in bioimaging, sensing and catalytic conversion.通讯作者:庞代文E-mail:[email protected]:PANGDai-WenE-mail:[email protected].澳大利亚皇家墨尔本理工大学工程学院,墨尔本, 澳大利亚 30012.南开大学化学学院,分析科学研究中心,生物传感及分子识别天津市重点实验室,天津 3000711. School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia2. State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. Chin

Development and Application of ITS-rDNA Targeted Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assays for Detecting and Quantifying the Spores/Gamates of Harmful Marine Macroalgae

Marine macroalgal blooms in coastal eutrophic waters affect the physiology and ecology of the cultured organisms, causing massive death of these animals sometimes.Knowing the quantity and variation of the algal spores or gamates in the aquatic systems is crucial in understanding the biological and ecological mechanisms underlying Algal outbreaks and in developing strategies of prevention. In this study, we newly designed specific PCR primers targeting the internal transcript region(ITS) of the ribosomal RNA genes(rDNA) of three macroalgal species,Ulva cf.linza,Ulva sp.,and Scytosiphon lomentaria, which all are known to be potentially blooming species in mariculture ponds. The specificity of these primers was verified in silico, in vitro and in situ. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR)assays with these primers were developed and verified,showing a detection limitation as low as 200~400ITS copy numbers of the algal genomic DNA.The newly developed assays were further applied to quantify the spores/ga Mates of S.lomentariain surface waters of a farming pond for sea cucumbers. The quantification of the spores of S.lomentariaduring a 16-month period (from December of 2014 to March of 2016)showed that the ITS rDNA copy number of this species was relatively High in December of 2015,which was in coincidence with the observed blooming of the species in March of 2016, suggesting a link between the high spore abundance in the winter and the bloom of the macroalga in the early spring of next year

Sea cucumber cultivation water body Ulva device Real-time quantitative PCR detection method for Ulva and Hemerocallis spore/gametophyte

本发明涉及海参养殖水体青苔爆发的防控与预警领域，具体地说是一种海参养殖水体长石莼、硬石莼和萱藻孢子/配子的动态监测方法。长石莼、硬石莼和萱藻是海参养殖池塘青苔爆发的重要种类，但其孢/配子个体较小，传统方法很难检测。通过针对三种大型藻类ITS区设计特异性引物，优化荧光定量PCR条件，最终利用定量PCR法实时监测养殖水体三种大型藻类孢子/配子的动态。结果显示，海参养殖水体长石莼、硬石莼和萱藻孢子/配子量的动态变化与青苔爆发规律吻合较好。本发明提供的方法能够快速、有效、高灵敏度地监测海参养殖水体三种大型藻类的动态变化，为可能的青苔爆发提供预警

一种海参养殖水体长石莼、硬石莼和萱藻孢子/配子的实时定量PCR检测方法

本发明涉及海参养殖水体青苔爆发的防控与预警领域，具体地说是一种海参养殖水体长石莼、硬石莼和萱藻孢子/配子的动态监测方法。长石莼、硬石莼和萱藻是海参养殖池塘青苔爆发的重要种类，但其孢/配子个体较小，传统方法很难检测。通过针对三种大型藻类ITS区设计特异性引物，优化荧光定量PCR条件，最终利用定量PCR法实时监测养殖水体三种大型藻类孢子/配子的动态。结果显示，海参养殖水体长石莼、硬石莼和萱藻孢子/配子量的动态变化与青苔爆发规律吻合较好。本发明提供的方法能够快速、有效、高灵敏度地监测海参养殖水体三种大型藻类的动态变化，为可能的青苔爆发提供预警

Study on the Fluorescent Carbon Nanodots with Electrochemical Methods

作为以碳为骨架结构的新型纳米材料，碳点具有许多优良的性能，如发射波长可调、良好的光稳定性、抗光漂白、良好的水溶性以及易于生物偶联等. 正是因为这些优点，碳点和其它碳质纳米材料（富勒烯、碳纳米管、石墨烯）一样受到了广泛的关注. 电化学方法制备碳点具有条件温和、费用低廉、后处理简单等特点. 另外，电化学方法在材料的表面结构分析以及发光机理的研究中也有其独特的优势. 本文即就电化学方法在荧光碳点的制备以及发光机理探讨中的应用作了综述，并简略介绍了碳点在传感器中的应用，提出了优化电化学方法制备碳点的某些设想.Carbon nanodots are a new class of fluorescent nanoparticles with a carbon-based core, which possess wavelength-tunable luminescence, high photostability, resistance to photobleaching, water-solubility, and ease of bioconjugation. Owing to their attractive merits, carbon nanodots like other carbon nanomaterials such as fullerene, carbon nanotubes and graphene, have attracted much attention. In addition, carbon nanodots can be inexpensively produced by electrochemical methods with simple post-processing under mild conditions. Electrochemical approaches have unique advantages in the analysis of surface structures and luminescence mechanism of materials. In this review, recent advances in electrochemical methods used for the synthesis and luminescence mechanism of fluorescent carbon nanodots were summarized. The possible applications of carbon nanodots in biosensing are also included.武汉东湖新技术开发区“3551人才计划”（[2011]137）作者联系地址：武汉大学 化学与分子科学学院，教育部生物医学分析化学重点实验室，武汉生物技术研究院，湖北 武汉 430072Author's Address: College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine Ministry of Education, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]

干旱区土地退化监测预警与防治示范

本项目以综合生态系统管理理念为理论指导,创建量化的新疆土地退化监测与评价指标体系、新疆综合生态系统管理信息系统和预警系统,优选出土地退化防治模式,对伊犁河流域的土地退化进行宏观评价。经过6年时间,完成或超额完成了项目任务书拟定的目标和任务,解决了关键技术问题。 主要技术性能指标： 1.新疆土地退化监测与评价指标体系成果报告,提供伊犁河流域土地退化评价状况报告,形成伊犁河流域土地退化评价图(1：100万); 2.建立新疆土地退化(土地荒漠化及土地沙化)管理信息系统(两套),土地退化管理信息系统的应用软件,可推广到西部六省区应用; 3.建立完整的新疆不同土地..