63 research outputs found
Autohtona Balkanska rasa koza - sastav i osobine jareÄeg trupa
Investigations were realized within the program of protection of genetic resources of autochthonous goat breeds - Balkan goat breed. Trial was carried out on farms of individual producers, breeders on the territory of Svrljig region, on 12 male kids of average age of 63 days and average body mass prior to slaughtering of 10,54 kg. Objective of the research was to determine the meat yield (dressing percentage), share of by products of in body mass prior to slaughtering and in processed carcass, commercial value of carcass (by evaluation of conformation, covering of carcass and kidneys with fat tissue, colour of meat and tallow) and share of main carcass parts. Results of the research indicated that kids of Balkan goat breed at stated age have average body mass of 10,54 kg and yield of warm carcass with head and giblets of 58,89%, which is high value and is within the limits for yield realized by kids of approximate age of pure goat breeds. Shares of slaughter by products (rumen, small intestines, skin, abomasus), giblets (liver, lungs, heart, spleen, kidneys), fat tissue (peritoneum, kidney, mesentherium) and head in cooled carcass are also within the limits realized by kids of pure goat breeds. Commercial value of carcass, established based on assessment of conformation (scored as good), covering of carcass and kidneys with fat tissue (scored as medium), colour of meat and tallow (scored as very good) is good and within the values realized by kids of pure goat breeds. Quality of carcass evaluated based on share of main carcass parts of category I (thigh, loin part) of 33,41%, category II (back, shoulder, neck) of 38,68% and category III (breast, second fore thigh, second thigh) of 26,91%, was very good. Muscle, fat and binding tissue (meat in narrow sense) made 2/3, whereas bones made 1/3 of the mass of three rib cut, which is also very good. Ratio of muscle and fat tissue was also very favourable - 5,08.Ispitivanja su obavljena u okviru programa zaÅ”tite genetskih resursa autohtonih rasa koza - balkanske rase. Ogled je izveden kod individualnih odgajivaÄa na podruÄju SvrljiÅ”kog regiona, na 12 muÅ”kih jaradi proseÄnog uzrasta 63 dana i proseÄne telesne mase pred klanje od 10,54 kg. Cilj ispitivanja je bio da se utvrdi prinos mesa (randman), udeo prateÄih proizvoda klanja u trupu pred klanje i u ohlaÄenom trupu, komercijalna vrednost trupa (ocenom konformacije, prekrivenosti trupa i bubrega masnim tkivom, boje mesa i loja) i udeo osnovnih delova trupa. Rezultati ispitivanja ukazuju da jarad balkanske koze u navedenom uzrastu imaju proseÄnu telesnu masu od 10,54 kg i randman toplog trupa sa glavom i iznutricama od 58,89%, Å”to predstavlja visoku vrednost i nalazi se u granicama vrednosti randmana koji postižu jarad približnog uzrasta plemenitijih rasa koza. Udeo prateÄih proizvoda klanja (burag, tanka creva, koža, siriÅ”te), iznutrica (jetra, pluÄa, srce, slezina, bubrezi), masnog tkiva (peritoneum, bubrežno, opornjak) i glave u ohlaÄenom trupu su takoÄe u granicama koje postižu jarad plemenitijih rasa koza. Komercijalna vrednost trupa, utvrÄena na osnovu ocene konformacije (ocenjena je kao povoljna), prekrivenosti trupa i bubrega masnim tkivom (ocenjena je kao osrednja), boje mesa i loja (ocenjene su kao veoma povoljne) je dobra i u okviru vrednosti koju imaju jarad plemenitijih rasa koza. Kvalitet trupa, procenjen na osnovu udela osnovnih delova trupa I kategorije (but, slabinski deo) od 33,41%, II kategorije (leÄa, pleÄka vrat) od 38,68% i III kategorije (grudi, podlaktica potkolenica) od 26,91%, je veoma povoljan. MiÅ”iÄno, masno i vezivno tkivo (meso u užem smislu) Äini 2/3, dok kosti Äine 1/3 mase trorebarnog iseÄka, Å”to je veoma povoljno. Odnos miÅ”iÄnog i masnog tkiva je takoÄe povoljan i iznosi 5,08
Uticaj laktacije po redu na proizvodnju mleka i broj somatskih Äelija koza Alpina rase
In this paper, the annual results of the effect of lactation on milk production, the contents of some chemical parameters in the milk (milk fat, protein and dry matter without fat) and somatic cells in milk goat breeds Alpino in intensive production during one production year. Control is included a total of 82 French Alpine goats in different lactations (first-16 heads, the second-19 heads, 29 heads the third-and fourth and subsequent lactation together-18 heads).). Somatic cell count and chemical quality of milk is controlled on a daily basis in the laboratory for raw milk AD 'Dairies' - Subotica on the machine CombiFoss FC 6200. The variability of the analyzed characteristics is presented descriptive parameters and the effect of lactation is determined by a factorial analysis of variance. The average value for somewhat milk goats for the treated population was 362.83 kg, with average milk fat content of 3.31%. Analysis of variance confirmed that the differences that were established under the influence of lactation for all traits analyzed, except for percentage of milk fat, were significant at P lt 0.01.U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati ispitivanja uticaja laktacije po redu na proizvodnju mleka, sadržaj mleÄne masti, proteina i suve materije bez masti i broj somatskih Äelija u mleku koza francuske rase Alpina u intenzivnoj proizvodnji u toku jedne proizvodne godine. Kontrolom je obuhvaÄeno ukupno 82 grla u razliÄitim laktacijama (prva - 16 grla, druga - 19 grla, treÄa - 29 grla, a Äetvrta i naredne latkacije zajedno - 18 grla). Broj somatskih Äelija, kao i hemijski kvalitet mleka, kontrolisan je svakodnevno u laboratoriji za sirovo mleko AD 'Mlekare' - Subotica na aparatu CombiFoss 6200 FC. Varijabilnost analiziranih osobina je prikazana parametrima deskriptivne statistike, a uticaj laktacije po redu je utvrÄen jednofaktorijalnom analizom varijanse. ProseÄna vrednost za ukupnu koliÄnu mleka kod ispitivane populacije koza iznosila je 362,83 kg, sa proseÄnim sadržajem mleÄne masti od 3,31%. Rezultati analize varijanse potvrÄuju da su razlike koje su ustanovljene pod uticajem laktacije po redu za sve analizirane osobine, izuzev za procenat mleÄne masti, bile znaÄajne na nivou P lt 0.01
KlaniÄni rezultati jaradi domaÄe balkanske koze
The paper presents the investigation of slaugher results, i.e. meat production results, in 96 kids of the domestic Balkan goat (4 herds, 24 animals per herd, 50:50 sex ratio), slaughtered at 90 days of age to determine the differences between the herds investigated and sexes (male kids vs. female ones), pertaining to the quantitative characteristics of meat. The average warm carcass dressing percentage including the head and offal for kids from all the herds investigated was 58.19%. The differences established for dressing percentage, warm, cold, and cold with and without head and offal, between the herds investigated and sexes were not statistically significant (P>0,05). Established differences between linear measurements for kid carcass halves, were statistically significant (P (lt) 0,01) between herds, whereas pertaining to the sex of kids, they were significant on both levels((P (lt) 0,01and P (lt) 0,05).Proizvodnja kozjeg mesa u svetu, iako je Äetiri puta manja od proizvodnje mesa ovaca, ima veliki znaÄaj za mnoge zemlje, a naroÄito za zemlje Azije, Afrike i Južne Amerike. U zemljama Evropske zajednice je proizvodnja kozjeg mesa od znatno manjeg znaÄaja i obima, a naroÄito u zemljama gde se gaje mleÄne rase koza i u kojima je meso prateÄi proizvod. Mada Äe i u naÅ”im uslovima osnovni proizvod koza biti, uglavnom, mleko, proizvodnja mesa se ne sme zanemariti . Treba pravilno iskoristiti visoku potencijalnu moguÄnost koza za dobru plodnost. Ova sposobnost koza može jako dobro da se iskoristi pri dvokratnom jarenju, i to tamo gde je proizvodnja jareÄeg mesa rentabilnija od proizvodnje mleka i gde je iz bilo kojih razloga smanjen interes za proizvodnju mleka, ili pak nema uslova za organizovano unovÄavanje veÄih koliÄina mleka, niti za njegovu preradu. U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja uticaja ishrane na klaniÄne rezultate tj. proizvodnju mesa kod 96 jaradi domaÄe balkanske koze (4 stada, po 24 jaradi u svakom stadu i odnosom polova 50:50), koja su zaklana u uzrastu od 90 dana u cilju utvrdjivanja razlika izmeÄu ispitivanih stada koza i polne pripadnosti jaradi (muÅ”ka i ženska grla). ProseÄan randman toplog trupa sa glavom i iznutricama kod jaradi svih ispitivanih stada iznosi 58,19%. Razlike koje su utvrdjene u masi toplog i hladnog trupa sa i bez glave i iznutrica, bile su statistiÄki znaÄajne (P (lt) 0,01) izmeÄu ispitivanih stada, dok su te razlike u odnosu na polnu pripadnost (muÅ”ka i ženska grla) bile izražene na nivou P (lt) 0,05. Rezultati analize varijante pokazuju da su evidentirane razlike izmeÄu utvrdjenih linearnih mera na polutkama jaradi, bile statistiÄki signifikantne (P (lt) 0,01) meÄu stadima, dok su u odnosu na polnu pripadnost jaradi one bile znaÄajne na oba nivoa (P (lt) 0,01 i P (lt) 0,05)
Povezanost telesne razvijenosti i mleÄnosti koza u razliÄitim laktacijama
This paper presents the results of the variability and correlation of body measurements and milk production of domestic Balkan goat breed that is reared in the mountain range Sharplanina, depending on the lactation. Studied animals were monitored and lactation, or order of kidding (I, II, III and IV and the next lactation together). Control of milk production, included a total of 290 goats in different lactations (first-81 animals, the second-69 heads, 71 heads third-and fourth and following along latkacije-69 heads). In order to determine the measure of body development in adult goats, one takes values for height at withers, body length, chest depth, chest width, the width of the cross and body weight. The variability of the analyzed characteristics is presented descriptive parameters and the effect of lactation is determined by a factorial analysis of variance. The determined average values for milk production and measures of body development are located within those identified for this population of goats. During these tests showed statistically significant correlation dependence (P lt 0.05) between all studied variables, except when it comes to length lactation period and individual measures of body development. The correlation coefficient between length of lactation and established measures of body development. are low and reflect the existence uncorrelation dependence, and their values range from 0.08 to 0.11, while they were unjustified and statistically (P> 0.05).U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja varijabilnosti i povezanosti osobina telesne razvijenosti i mleÄnosti domaÄe balkanske rase koza u zavisnosti od laktacije po redu (I, II, III a IV i naredne laktacije zajedno). Kontrolom proizvodnje mleka bilo je obuhvaÄeno ukupno 290 koza u razliÄitim laktacijama (prva- 81 grla, druga- 69 grla, treÄa- 71 grla, a Äetvrta i naredne latkacije zajedno- 69 grla). U cilju utvrÄivanja mera telesne razvijenosti odraslih koza izmerene su vrednosti za visinu grebena, dužinu trupa, dubinu grudi, Å”irinu grudi, Å”irinu krsta i telesnu masu. Varijabilnost analiziranih osobina opisana je parametrima deskriptivne statistike, a uticaj laktacije po redu je utvrÄen jednofaktorijalnom analizom varijanse. UtvrÄene proseÄne vrednosti za proizvodnju mleka i mere telesne razvijenosti bile se u okviru onih koje su utvrÄene za ovu populaciju koza. Ispitivanjem su utvrÄene statistiÄki znaÄajne korelacije (P lt 0,05) izmeÄu svih posmatranih parametara, izuzev kada je u pitanju dužina laktacionog perioda i pojedinih mera telesne razvijenosti koje statistiÄki nisu bile znaÄajne
ZnaÄaj vremena zaluÄivanja na telesnu masu i prirast jaradi
A group control system experiment was carried out to investigate the effect weaning time of kids on their health status and growth rate achieved up to 6 months of age. The experiment was done on kids obtained from crossbred domestic white x domestic Balkan goats and Alpino bucks. Investigations were done on a total of 120 kids, divided into 4 groups. Kids were weaned at 2 (Group 1), 20 (Group 2), 35 (Group 3), and 60 (Group 4), days. After weaning, kids in Group 1 and Group 2 were fed milk replacer containing 22% protein up to 35 days of age, while Group 3 and Group 4 were fed concentrates and hay. The lowest body weight, both by individual control periods, and at the end of the experiment, was established for kids in Group 2, weaned at 20 days of age. The also had the highest mortality. Highest body weight at this age (180 days) was found in kids in Group 4, weaned at 60 days. Established results permit the conclusion that kids can successfully be weaned as early as 35 days of age, and that weaning at an earlier age should not be done under our conditions, since it is not economically justified.Izveden je ogled po grupno-kontrolnom sistemu u cilju ispitivanja uticaja vremena odluÄivanja jaradi na njihovo zdravstveno stanje kao i ostvarene priraste do uzrasta od 6 meseci. Za ogled su koriÅ”Äena jarad dobijena ukrÅ”tanjem koza meleza domaÄe bele x domaÄa balkanska sa jarÄevima alpino rase. Ispitivanja su izvedena na ukupno 120 jaradi, podeljenih u 4 grupe. Jarad su odluÄivana u uzrastu od 2 (I grupa), 20 (II grupa), 35 (III grupa) i 60 (IV grupa) dana života. Posle odluÄenja jarad I, i II grupe su napajana zamenama za mleko sa 22% proteina do uzrasta od 35 dana, dok su 3 i 4 grupa jaradi posle odluÄenja hranjena koncentratom i senom. Najnižu telesnu masu, kako po pojedinim kontrolnim periodima tako i na kraju ogleda, imala su jarad II grupe koja su odluÄena sa 20 dana starosti. Kod njih je istovremeno zabeležen i najveÄi mortalitet. Telesna masa u ovoj starosti (sa 180 dana) najveÄa je u jaradi IV grupe koja su odluÄena u uzrastu od 60 dana. Rezultati ovih istraživanja pokazuju da je rano odluÄivanje jaradi izazvalo stres praÄen nižim prirastom koji je evidentiran kod prve dve grupe jaradi (a delimiÄno i treÄe grupe) u prvih nekoliko dana posle odluÄivanja. Kod jaradi Äetvrte grupe nije bilo nekih posebnih problema u periodu posle odluÄenja, Å”to je potvrÄeno i rezultatima samih prirasta koji su u ovoj grupi bili najviÅ”i sve do uzrasta jaradi od 6 meseci. Mortalitet je bio izraženiji kod jaradi I i II grupe, u odnosu na druge dve, i to najÄeÅ”Äe u periodima kada je kod oglednih grupa dolazilo do odvajanja od majki i poÄetka napajanja zamenama za mleko
Korelaciona analiza proizvodnih osobina domaÄe balkanske koze
The paper presents results of investigations of the domestic Balkan goat reared in the Sharplanina mountainous region pertaining to phenotypic correlations between the most important production traits (milk production traits for 578 goats), and growth traits of kids (for 710 kids in the suckling period). Research was done in herds of Balkan goats belonging to private farmers, during a two-year period. Simple correlation between mentioned traits were calculated using a PC and the LSMLMW program (Harvey, 1990). Data pertaining to correlation coefficients established between investigated milk production traits of the domestic Balkan goat, reflect existing correlations, which in most cases, were positive and statistically significant (P (lt) 0,01). Very strong correlations were established between the 1st and 2nd milk production control, as well as between the daily milk yield and the 2nd milk production control (0.796), as well as the total milk yield (0.870). Established coefficient were also statistically significant (P (lt) 0,01). Correlation between birth weight and the weight at specific ages (30, 60 and 90 days) were strong and very strong, while correlations between birth weight and average daily weight gain established by individual months (0.526, 0.553 and 0.384) varied between weak and strong, with an established weakening of correlations with advancing age.Kod domaÄih životinja postoje odreÄene meÄusobne veze i uslovljenosti u ispoljavanju pojedinih proizvodnih i drugih osobina. SuÅ”tina je u tome Å”to ispoljavanje jedne pojave, osnovne osobine, manje ili viÅ”e, uslovljava ispoljavanje druge pojave, odnosno osobine. ProuÄavanjem tih veza uoÄeno je da na njih mogu da utiÄu genetski i paragenetski Äinioci. U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja fenotipskih korelacija izmeÄu osobina mleÄnosti (kod 578 koza) i porasta jaradi u dojnom periodu (kod 710 jaradi), domaÄe balkanske koze koja se odgaja na podruÄju planinskog masiva Å arplanine. Istraživanja su izvedena u stadima balkanskih koza privatnih odgajivaÄa, u toku dvogodiÅ”njeg perioda. Korelaciona zavisnost izmeÄu navedenih osobina uraÄena je primenom programa LSMLMW (Harvey, 1990). Podaci o utvrÄenim koeficijentima korelacije izmeÄu ispitivanih osobina mleÄnosti u domaÄe balkanske koze, odražavaju postojanje korelativne zavisnosti, pri Äemu su u veÄini sluÄajeva bili pozitivni i statistiÄki znaÄajni (P (lt) 0,01), osim za utvrÄene vrednosti ukupne koliÄine mleka sa prvom i drugom kontrolom, kao i dnevne mleÄnosti sa dužinom laktacije. TakoÄe, sve ustanovljene vrednosti za korelacije izmeÄu osobina porasta jaradi u dojnom periodu (mase jaradi po pojedinim periodima uzrasta, dnevnog prirasta) su pozitivne i statistiÄki vrlo znaÄajne (P (lt) 0,01)
Uticaj laktacije po redu i telesne mase na prinos mleka i osobine plodnosti domaÄe balkanske koze
The goal of investigation in the domestic Balkan goat was to establish the effect of body weight and lactation number on milk yield and fertility. Research was done in herds belonging to private farmers, during a one-year period, on a total of 578 goats. Investigated herds were monitored also by lactation number, i.e. kidding number (lactations 1,2 and 3 individually, lactation 4 and following lactations investigated together). Body weight and milk yield were measured, while fertility was determined as the number of live born kids per 100 goats. Goats were also sorted into groups by age and body weight, while the interval within groups and between groups was 5 kg. Average total milk yield in the investigated population of the domestic Balkan goat was 177.5 kg. A statististically significant difference (P (lt) 0,01) was established for milk yield depending on body weight and age, except for goats in lactation 1 (P (lt) 0,05). In lactation 3 and 4, goats with body weights over 45 kg, comprising 30.23% of the total number in these groups, had the highest milk yields (over 200 kg). Pertaining to lactation number, i.e. kidding number, as well as body weight in both years of investigation, lowest fertility was found in lactations 1 and 2 (112%), and in goats with lowest body weight (25-30 kg), while this considerably increased lactation 4 and later lactations (136%), and body weights of over 40 kg (140%).Cilj ovih ispitivanja je bio da se utvrdi uticaj telesne mase, kao i uzrasta tj. laktacije po redu u domaÄe balkanske koze na njenu proizvodnju mleka i plodnost. Istraživanja su izvedena u stadima balkanskih koza privatnih odgajivaÄa, u toku jednogodiÅ”njeg perioda kod ukupno 578 grla koza. Kontrola mleÄnosti je izvoÄena dvokratno u jednakim vremenskim intervalima pri Äemu su sva grla bila u A kontroli. Plodnost je determinisana kao broj živoroÄene jaradi na 100 koza. Koze su, takoÄe, podeljene u grupe prema uzrastu i telesnoj masi, pri Äemu je interval unutar i izmeÄu grupa bio 5 kg. ProseÄna vrednost za ukupnu koliÄinu mleka kod ispitivane populacije koza iznosi 177,56 kg,. StatistiÄki znaÄajna razlika (P (lt) 0,01) je utvrÄena za prinos mleka u zavisnosti od telesne mase i uzrasta kod svih ispitivanih grupa, izuzev za koze u prvoj laktaciji (P (lt) 0,05). U 3 i 4 laktaciji po redu, koze sa telesnom masom preko 45 kg, koje uÄestvuju sa 30.23% od ukupnog broja grla u ovoj grupi, imale su najveÄi prinos mleka (preko 200 kg). U zavisnosti od laktacije po redu tj., jarenja po redu, kao i telesne mase u obe godine istraživanja, najniža plodnost je ustanovljena u 1 i 2 laktaciji po redu (112%) i to kod koza sa najnižom telesnom masom (od 25-30 kg), dok se ona iduÄi ka Äetvrtoj i kasnijim laktacijama po redu (136%) i telesnoj masi preko 40 kg (140%) znatno poveÄava. StatistiÄki znaÄajna razlika na nivou P (lt) 0,01, kada je u pitanju plodnost koza u zavisnosti od uzrasta tj. laktacije po redu i telesne mase utvrÄena je kod svih ispitivanih grupa, izuzev kod koza u drugoj laktaciji (P (lt) 0,05)
Organoleptic properties of Lamb meat: Factor of quality
Organoleptic propertyies of thermally processed lamb meat of mixed breed lambs of the mixed Svrljig strain and Domestic Pramenka, and Merinolandschaf sheep, and meat of the Wuerttemberg Merino lambs. Sensory methods of meat examination were used, with the participation of six trained evaluators. The results of the investigations in which numerical-descriptive scales were used are presented in tables. A salty, sour and bitter taste were expressed in a very small degree in both groups of samples. A sweet taste, although of low intensity, significantly differed among the examined groups. No differences were established regarding juiciness and tenderness, but statistically significant differences were established in aftertaste and overall acceptibility in favor of meat of the first group of lambs
Prinos mesa jaradi srpske bele koze u zavisnosti od telesne mase pre klanja
Investigations were carried out on three groups of kids of Serbian White breed as follows: group of lighter kids, average body mass at slaughtering 12,65 kg (8,8 - 15,0 kg) and average age of 70 days; group of medium heavy kids, body mass of 17,61 kg (15,1 - 20,0 kg) and average age of 97 days, and group of heavy kids, body mass prior to slaughtering of 22,70 kg (20,1 - 25,7 kg) and average age of 129 days. Objective of this research was to determine the meat yield (dressing percentage) and share of some slaughtering products in the mass prior to slaughtering and share of giblets in the mass of chilled carcass. It was established that heavier kids have lower dressing percentage (55,01%) compared to lighter (57,21%) and medium heavy kids (58, 21%), more favorable conformation evaluation (4,22 points in heavier, 3,77 points in medium heavy and 3,52 points in lighter kids), better covering of carcass with fat tissue (3,71 points in heavier, 3,66 points in medium heavy and 3,32 points in lighter kids) and better evaluation of the meat color (4,78 points in heavier, 4,66 points in medium heavy and 3,79 points in lighter kids). Share of edible giblets/offal (pre-stomach, small intestines, mesentherium) in the mass of carcass prior to slaughtering was higher in lighter kids (6,45%) compared to medium heavy (5,83%) and heavy kids (6,15%). Share of giblets/offal in chilled carcass was the lowest (15,91%) in heavy kids, slightly higher (17,16%) in medium heavy and the highest in lighter kids (18,86%).Ispitivanja su obavljena na tri grupe jaradi srpske bele koze i to: lakÅ”ih, proseÄne telesne mase pri klanju 12,654 kg (8,8 - 15,0 kg) i proseÄnog uzrasta od 70 dana; srednje teÅ”kih telesne mase 17,61 kg (15,1 - 20,0 kg) i proseÄnog uzrasta 97 dana i teÅ”kih telesne mase pred klanje 22,70 kg (20,1 - 25,7 kg) i proseÄnog uzrasta 129 dana. Cilj ovih ispitivanja bio je da se utvrdi prinos mesa (randman) i udeo nekih prateÄih proizvoda klanja u masi pred klanje i udeo iznutrica u masi ohlaÄenog trupa. UtvrÄeno je da teža jarad imaju manji randman (55,01%) u odnosu na lakÅ”e (57,21%) i srednje teÅ”ke (58, 21%), povoljniju ocenu konformacije (4,22 poena u težih, 3,77 poena u srednje teÅ”kih i 3,52 poena u lakÅ”ih), bolju prekrivenost trupa masnim tkivom (3,71 poena u težih, 3,66 poena u srednje teÅ”kih i 3,32 poena u lakih) i bolju ocenu boje mesa (4,78 poena u teÅ”kih, 4,66 poena u srednje teÅ”kih i 3,79 poena u lakÅ”ih). Udeo jestivih iznutrica (predželudac, tanka creva, opornjak) u masi trupa pred klanje je veÄi u lakih jaradi (4,45%) u poreÄenju sa srednje teÅ”kim (5,83%) i teÅ”kim jaradima (6,15%). Udeo iznutrica u ohlaÄenom trupu je najmanji (15,91%) u teÅ”kih, neÅ”to veÄi (17,16%) u srednje teÅ”kih i najveÄi (18,86%) u lakih jaradi
MoguÄnost upotrebe kozjeg mesa u proizvodnji tradicionalnog sudžuka
Two variants of sucuk were made: one of beef meat and beef tail fat and another of goat meat and goat tail fat with meat/fat ratio of 75/25 and the same ingredients. After filling, the sausages were hung to dry in a traditional smoking house (without the possibility to control the temperature or humidity). Weight loss, pH, non-protein nitrogen content, basic chemical composition, instrumental colour measurement and sensory evaluation were done for both variants. Both variants had an almost identical weight loss (36.98 beef sucuk and 36.25 goat sucuk). Changes in pH value and non-protein nitrogen content had the same tendency and end values did not differ. The basic chemical composition at the end of production indicates that both variants were of very good quality. L*and b*values did not differ, but there was a significant difference in a*value (11.72 beef and 14.15 goat). In terms of appearance, texture and taste, assessors gave poorer grades to goat sucuk, but these grades do not indicate that the product is unacceptable (they were more than 5). It is possible to replace goat tail fat with beef fat to appease the specific flavour of the product and to make it more acceptable to consumers who may not be used to such flavour.U Srbiji, sudžuk se tradicionalno proizvodi u planinskom delu, uglavnom u malim pogonima ili domaÄinstvima, u jesenjem i zimskom periodu, kada to klimatski uslovi (temperatura i relativna vlažnost) dozvoljavaju. U ovom ogledu napravljene su dve varijante sudžuka: prva od goveÄeg mesa i masnog tkiva sa repa goveda i druga od kozjeg mesa i masnog tkiva sa repa koza. Kod obe grupe kobasica je odnos meso/masno tkivo bio 75/25 i koriÅ”Äeni su isti zaÄini i aditivi. Nakon punjenja, kobasice su suÅ”ene u tradicionalnoj puÅ”nici. Kod obe varijante kobasica odreÄen je: gubitak mase tokom suÅ”enja, pH, neproteinski azot, osnovni hemijski sastav i izvrÅ”eno je instrumentalno merenje boje i senzorska ocena. Obe grupe kobasice su imale skoro identiÄan gubitak mase tokom suÅ”enja (36,98 kod goveÄeg i 36,25 kod kozjeg sudžuka). Promene pH vrednosti i neproteinskog azota tokom zrenja su imale istu tendenciju i njihove krajnje vrednosti se nisu znaÄajno razlikovale. Na osnovu podataka za osnovni hemijski sastav na kraju procesa proizvodnje, zakljuÄeno je da su obe grupe kobasica bile veoma dobrog kvaliteta. L*i b* vrednosti se nisu znaÄajno razlikovale, dok je statistiÄki znaÄajna razlika izmeÄu grupa utvrÄena za vrednost a*(11,72 kod goveÄih i 14,15 kod kozjih kobasica). U pogledu senzornih karakteristika: spoljnog izgleda, teksture i ukusa, kozji sudžuk je ocenjen neÅ”to slabije, meÄutim, takav proizvod je i dalje bio veoma prihvatljiv (sve ocene su bile iznad 5). Jedan od naÄina da se smanji specifiÄna aroma sudžuka napravljenog od kozjeg mesa, Å”to bi ga uÄinilo prihvatlivijim za Å”iru grupu potroÅ”aÄa, jeste zamena kozjeg loja sa goveÄim
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