Informācija par Latvijā realizētu projektu „SEG emisiju samazināšana bīstamo atkritumu pārstrādes uzņēmumā”

Pieaugošais pieprasījums pēc enerģijas, ierobežotie fosilā kurināmā krājumi, kā arī vides piesārņojums un globālās klimata pārmaiņas pasaulē radījušas pastiprinātu interesi par atjaunojamiem energoresursiem (AER). Atbalsts atjaunojamo energoresursu izmantošanai ir kļuvis par svarīgu Eiropas Savienības politikas sastāvdaļu. Klimata pārmaiņu finanšu instruments (KPFI) ir Latvijas Republikas valsts budžeta programma. KPFI mērķis ir veicināt globālo klimata pārmaiņu novēršanu, pielāgošanos klimata pārmaiņu radītajām sekām un sekmēt siltumnīcefekta gāzu emisijas samazināšanu (piemēram, īstenojot pasākumus ēku energoefektivitātes uzlabošanai gan sabiedriskajā, gan privātajā sektorā, tehnoloģiju, kurās izmanto atjaunojamos energoresursus attīstīšanu un ieviešanu, kā arī īstenojot integrētus risinājumus siltumnīcefekta gāzu emisijas samazināšanai)

Zinātne racionālai energoresursu izmantošanai

Pārskata rakstā apkopoti galvenie pētījumi virzieni un rezultāti par pēdējiem gadiem, kurus veikusi FEI Enerģijas resursu laboratorija LZA kor.loc., prof., Dr.habil.sc.ing. Pētera Šipkova vadībā. Zinātniskajos pētījumos galvenā uzmanība pievērsta atjaunojamo energoresursu izmantošanai, novērtēta to vieta Latvijas energobilancē, izvērtēts atjaunojamo energoresursu potenciāls. Realizēts poligons saules enerģijas izmantošanas pētniecībai. Rakstā apkopoti pētījumi par kurināmā rezervēšanu un iespējām kurināmā piegādes nodrošināšanai. Apkopoti pētījumi par energoefektivitāti un racionālu energoresursu izmantošanu Latvijā. Rakstā doti virzieni tālākai zinātniskai pētniecībai

Thermal Cooling Basin Exploration for Thermal Calculations

There are a number of cooling systems known across the world. For decades they have undergone development, changing coolants and their chemical composition, but water has, thanks to its universal properties, remained an undying presence in this technology. Water is used as a carrier heat or cold for cooling spaces and some cooling equipment itself, for accumulating and radiating heat to an environment with lower heat potential, for heat evaporation, and as a solvent which is great at dissolving substances we know as cooling agents. Pools are an especially practical and aesthetically appealing execution of a cooling system – provided appropriate temperature modes and external air temperature during the operational season. In centralised heat supply conditions, heat production companies choose to install cogeneration engines to increase energy production efficiency and profitability, allowing both electricity and heat to be produced from one type of fuel. However, the world at large has also seen trigeneration systems: such large urban areas as New York and Tokyo have long been using one type of fuel to produce electricity and, adjusting to weather patterns, either heat or cold energy. Of course, these enormous cities and their energy delivery patterns cannot be compared to those of small cities and rural towns which are common in the Baltic and CIS countries. Conversion of heat into cold energy takes place at heat absorption cooling facilities. Heat absorption facilities require a fluid overcooling cycle to store a concentrated fluid. The temperature modes of this cycle (which vary between producers) produce low-potential heat which cannot be reused to produce heat energy, e.g. 35-29*C. To support such a temperature schedule, producers generally recommend installing heat evaporation towers, but they are expensive and will often clash visually with the landscape. A cooling pool may be used instead for both practical and aesthetic reasons, using water sprayers to promote evaporation. Water spraying is necessary to increase the surface area of water-to-air contact: this way, the surface area is equal to the combined areas of all water droplets. The depth of a pool must be no less than 1.5 m, preventing heating by sun rays. Pool cooling properties improve with finer droplet size, although this carries higher electricity expenses to produce adequately high pressure before pulverisation. Such pools may use fountains which serve both as a cooling facility and an attractive landscaping piece. An evaporation pool is also significantly cheaper to build than an evaporation tower, although water loss may be higher. In consideration of the facts described above, a pool with a water spraying device was built for this research project. With appropriate air temperature, pressure and relative humidity, heat yield and yield changes were measured. The goal of this study was to compare the research and experimental parts of the project to similar studies performed previously, in order to determine the practical viability of using heat evaporation pools as well as to develop a complete prototype which may be used as the basis for building similar structures

Faults of Modern Buildings HWAC System and Problem Solutions

The main objective of study was to formulate solutions to provide functioning of heating system in case of force majeure. The problem is particularly urgent in Latvia, and other former Soviet Union country, as in the entire in district heating and housing fund situation is similar. Many of these countries have a long heating season with cold snowy winters. Frequent things are storms in the autumn and spring, causing outage of electric power supply and heating for many thousands of households yearly. The main threats that may cause the above situations are such as natural gas and electricity supply risks and the natural disasters affect (Latvia is unable to generate enough, to ensure electric power supply and heating all year round). All threats can be minimized by providing solutions for diversification of heating systems - it is possible to use both solar, wind energy and renewable energy resources

Optimization of District Heating Facilities in Municipals

The centralised heat supply system works according to a specific temperature schedule adapted to the changes in the external air temperature. The city boiler house works according to such a temperature schedule. The boiler house generally services not only tenement and private houses, but also to the office spaces, the utility consumers and often to the production facilities interested in heat absorption capacities for their cooling equipment during the summer. The purpose of this study is introducing a heat absorption system

Possibility of Modeling of Solar Collectors Systems in Latvia

The aim of the work is to explore suitability of Latvian environment to the usage of solar collectors system. For the attainment of objective monotype house will be modeled, the house will be equipped with the combined solar heat system, which will be placed in different regions. There are diverse amount of sunny days in different regions, as well as diverse average temperature, wherewith the amount of heat differs. For the modeling of building, modeling program model of solar collectors will be used, which is provided for several solar heat systems, inter alia for the calculation of combined solar heat supply system and for the solving of several relevant tasks. Wherewith results are achieved, after analysis of results it is theoretically possible to clarify suitability of specific system to specific place

Potential of Solar Cooling in Latvian Conditions

The national priority axis is increase of RES use in Latvian Energy sector, so new solutions for Electricity, Heat and Cool production are searching for. In Latvian conditions cooling is required about 5000 degree hours per year (at an indoor temperature of 21 °C), but the importance of outdoor air relative humidity ranging from 70-90%. Optimal relative humidity for human body is from 45 - 55%, if the moisture levels in the air are lower or higher, it would adversely affect the health, so it is important that humidity level is optimal in areas with a high human concentration. Solar energy is available at the same time when is need to cool rooms, so Solar Cooling are suitable also in Latvia. In Latvia such a system is not used, so it is important to assess the potential of this system. In the Institute of Physical Energetic Solar Energy Testing polygon the Solar Cooling system was installed with the cooling capacity 8 kW in the facility, measuring equipment was connected and operating data have been monitored and technical equipment performance were improved. As in Latvian climatic conditions in the summer period (may -September) the average outside air temperature is about 15° C (max temperature of summer season average value + 26.38°C) and solar radiation - 1100 kWh/year, than the experimental equipment has operation temperature range of 55 -95 ° C in the driving circuit. An, evaluation of possible use, the advantages and disadvantages of the system, taking into account the reduction of fossil fuel use for cooling will be provided

Saules enerģijas izmantošanas veidi

pasīva saules enerģijas izmantošana (ēku novietojums, speciālo materiālu izmantošana, kuri labi absorbē saules radiāciju); saules starojuma izmantošana saules kolektoros; saules starojuma pārveidošana tiešā elektriskajā enerģijā (PV – saules baterijas); saules starojuma izmantošana Saules Enerģijas Stacijas (saule → tvaiks → tvaika turbīna → elektrība)

Combination of the Solar Energy Systems for Household Use and Apartment Buildings

The future of humankind is built on reasonable use of nature resources, among other, energy saving. The “green ideas” are implemented not only through the increased level of human awareness but mainly due to economic justification. Use of the alternative energy sources is becoming more and more topical all over the world. Considering the abovementioned, the research project plans to develop a new product – a combined hot air and hot water generation solar energy system usable in households. The project includes the industrial study and experimental development, and building of a prototype, among others

Refrakcijas indeksa noteikšana šķidrumiem cilindriskā ķivetē

Informācija par gaismas laušanas koeficientu šķidrumā - refrakcijas indeksu RI sniedz svarīgas ziņas par šķidruma fizikālajām īpašībām, tai skaitā par šķīduma koncentrāciju un blīvumu. Zinot šķidruma laušanas koeficientu, iespējams noteikt un kontrolēt tā sastāvu, kas ir aktuāli gan fundamentālos pētījumos, ķīmiskajās analīzēs, medicīniskajā diagnostikā, gan visdažādāko vielu pārstrādes un ražošanas tehnoloģijās u.c. Mēs esam izveidojuši augstjutīgu kompaktu un adaptīvu refrakcijas indeksa RI noteikšanas merierīci, kas piemērojama ne vien stacionāriem Šķidrumiem, bet var tikt izmantota arī nepārtrauktas plūsmas Šķidrumu analīzei, piemēram, Šķidrumu, tai skai¬tā agresīvu, RI noteikšanai un kontrolei tehnoloģiskajos procesos reālā laikā. Mērierīces darbība pamatota uz lāzera staru kūļa novirzes lieluma noteikšanu, tam izejot caur cilindrisku ķiveti ar mērāmo Šķidrumu. Šo staru novirzes lielums ir atkarīgs no Šķidruma laušanas indeksa lieluma un to nosaka, no ķivetes izejošo staru kūli projecējot uz lineāru merelementu, piemēram, CMOS vai CCD lineāro attēla sensoru. Nolūkā būtiski paaugstināt refrakcijas indeksa noteikšanas izšķirtspēju un stabilitāti, izstrādāts efektīvs risinājums, kas pamatojas uz vairākkārtīgu lāzera staru kūļa laušanu un atstarošanu, tam ejot caur cilindrisku ķiveti ar mērāmo Šķidrumu. Līdz ar to vairākkārt pieaug no ķivetes izejošo staru novirzes lielums atkarībā no Šķidruma refrakcijas indeksa. Bez tam Šķidruma RI noteikšanai izmantota jauna no ķivetes izejošā lāzera staru projekcijas attēla pozīcijas detektēšanas metode, izman¬tojot lineāro attēla sensoru, kā arī panākta So staru gaismas intensitātes palielināšana. Rezultātā tiek nodrošināta iespēja noteikt Šķidruma RI ar augstu mērīšanas izšķirt¬spēju un stabilitāti pie nelieliem lineārā attēla sensora un cilindriskās ķivetes sav¬starpējiem attālumiem, kas ļauj izveidot kompaktas refrakcijas indeksa precīzas mērīšanas ierīces plaša profila pielietojumiem