THE EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF AMINO ACIDS ON THEIR CONTENT AND COMPOSITION IN WINTER WHEAT GRAIN

Field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University (54º52′ N, 23º49′ E) in Lithuania. Winter wheat was grown on the background of N150P90K90 mineral fertilization and was additionally foliar-fertilized with different concentrations of amino acid solutions (0.5-3.0%) at stem elongation and heading stages. The study was aimed to establish protein content as well as quantitative and qualitative distribution of amino acids in winter wheat grain as influenced by fertilization with different concentrations of amino acids. Experimental evidence showed that solutions with different concentrations of amino acids applied at winter wheat stem elongation and heading stages increased grain protein content and total amino acids contents. Plants, fertilized with amino acids solutions at stem elongation stage accumulated higher protein content by on average 4.8%, at heading stage by 4.5% compared with the grain protein content of plants that had not received amino acids fertilization. The total amino acids content in winter wheat grain in response to amino acids applied at stem elongation stage increased by on average 2.0 g kg-1, at heading stage by 5.3 g kg-1. Nonessential and essential amino acids content in winter wheat grain was significantly increased by 2.5 and 3.0% amino acids solutions, applied at stem elongation stage by 0.5, 1.0, 1.5% amino acids solutions applied at heading stage. Winter wheat fertilization with amino acids solutions at stem elongation stage mostly increased the content of glutamic acid, at heading stage mostly increased the contents of glutamic, aspartic, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, methionine, threonine and lysine acids

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Išsp. str.: Mrazauskaitė L. Nualintas dirvožemis neįstengs išmaitintiVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

The influence of catch crops for green manure and straw on the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation and nitrogen leaching

2002-2008 m. Lietuvos žemdirbystės instituto Vokės filiale buvo atlikti lizimetriniai tyrimai, siekiant nustatyti dirvožemio derlingumui stabilizuoti naudojamų žaliosios trąšos tarpinių pasėlių - raudonųjų dobilų {Trifolium pratense L.), aliejinių ridikų (Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis L.) ir varpinių javų (miežių, Hordeum vulgare L.) šiaudų - įtaką atmosferos kritulių filtracijai ir azoto išplovimui. Lizimetriniai įrenginiai buvo pripildyti priesmėlio išplautžemio (IDp), Haplic Luvisol (LVh). Nustatyta, kad augalai žaliajai trąšai, auginami po javų derliaus nuėmimo, atmosferos kritulių filtraciją rudens laikotarpiu sumažino vidutiniškai 19,4—21,7 %, o per metus - 7,0—8,3 %. Didesnę biomasę (0,407 g m2) suformavo dobilai, su jais į dirvožemį įterpta daugiau azoto (7,35 g m2), o tai padidino azoto koncentraciją lizimetriniame vandenyje ir azoto išplovimo nuostolius. Poveikis truko iki 12 mėnesių. Posėliniai aliejiniai ridikai rudens laikotarpiu mitybai efektyviai panaudojo mineralinį azotą ir kartu sumažino kritulių filtraciją. Dėl šių veiksnių sąveikos azoto išplovimo nuostoliai sumažėjo 24,2 %, palyginti su organinėmis trąšomis netręštu dirvožemiu, ir atitinkamai 48,9 % bei 47,0 %, palyginti su šiaudų + N30 arba dobilų bei šiaudų įterpimu. Šiaudų įterpimas su mineralinių azoto trąšų priedu (N30) azoto koncentraciją lizimetriniame vandenyje padidino tik pirmaisiais mėnesiais po jų užarimo, o bendrą metinį azoto išplovimą - vidutiniškai 12,9 %Lysimetric experiments, conducted during 2002-2008 at the Voke Branch of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, were designed to determine the effects of green manure crops -red clover (Trifolium prafense L.), fodder radish [Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis L.) and barley (llordcum vtilgare L.) straw, intended to stabilise soil fertility, on nitrogen leaching and atmospheric precipitation infiltration. The lysimetcrs were paeked with a sandy loam Luvisol (LVh). It was found that green manure crops grown after cereal harvesting reduced atmospheric precipitation infiltration during the autumn season by on average 19.4-21.7%, and by 7.0-8.3% per year. Clover produced more biomass (0.407 g nr3) with which more nitrogen (7.35 g m'2) was incorporated into the soil, and this increased nitrogen concenlralion in the lysimetric water as well as nitrogen leaching losses. The effect lasted for up to 12 months. During the autumn season, post crop fodder radish effectively utilized mineral nitrogen and at the same time reduced infiltration of precipitation. Due to the interaction of these factors leaching losses declined by 24.2%, compared with those occurring in the soil not applied with organic fertilisers and by 48.9% and 47.0%, compared with the treatments with straw f N1(( or clover and straw incorporation. Incorporation of straw with mineral nitrogen addition (N_1(1) increased nitrogen concentration in lysimetric water only in the first months after its ploughing in, while the total annual nitrogen leaching increased by on average 12.9%Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

The influence of UAN-32 on bioethanol yeld of winter triticale

The experiment was carried out in 2010-2011 at the Experimental Station of the Aleksandras Stulginskis university on the Calc(ar-Endohypogleyic Luvisol) soil. Granulomere composition of the soil was moderately deep loam on clay. The effect of UAN-32 rates on bioethanol yield fertilizing of winter triticale were tested in the experiment. The data obtained in the trial shows that with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer rates from 0 to 180 kg ha"! starch and protein content in winter triticale grain was increasing consistently. The highest bioethanol yield 3285 (as counted from starch) and 3076 liters (as counted from protein) was received than the highest Ni80 rate was applied at the start of vegetative growth period in springVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Skystosios trąšos bulvių pasėliuose

Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Effect of foliar application of amino acids on the photosynthetic indicators and yield of winter

ISSN 1822-3230 (ankstesnių spausdintų leidinių)Experiments involving a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety ‘Širvinta 1’ were conducted at the Experimental Station of the Aleksandras Stulginskis University during the period 2006–2009 in limnoglacional silty loam on morainne clay loam Cal(ca)ri-Endohypogleyic Luvisol. Winter crops were grown on the background of N150P90K90 mineral fertilization and were additionally foliar-fertilized with amide nitrogen fertilizer, containing different concentrations of amino acids (0.5 %–3.0 %), at a winter wheat booting, heading and milk maturity stages. Experimental evidence showed that solutions with different amino acids concentrations applied for winter wheat fertilization at booting, heading and milk maturity stages increased plant photosynthetic indicators. Chlorophyll a to b ratio in winter wheat leaves significantly increased having applied 0.5–2.5 % amino acids solutions at booting and at milk maturity stages. Plants fertilized with amino acids solutions at booting stage had a possibility to form larger assimilating leaf area. Winter wheat grain yield significantly increased (0.27–0.4 t ha-1) under the effect of amino acids. The highest yield increases were obtained having applied amino acids at booting and heading growth stages. The statistical data analysis (xextr.) evidenced that the highest yield and its quality would be attained with foliar feeding of winter wheat with amino acids fertilizers: at booting stage with 2.4 %, at heading stage with 1.47 %, and milk maturity stage with 1.39 % amino acids solutionVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

The effect of biologically active substances on soil biological activity and spring rape productivity

Biological activity is agronomically and ecologically significant component of soil fertility and a sensitive indicator of the anthropogenic effect. At present, increasing intensification of agricultural production and inadequate farm management practices result in the deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties. A partial solution to this problem could be the use of humic acids in the system of crop fertilization. The objective of this research was to study the effect of humic and fulvic acids(humus acid fertilizer)on soil biological activity, available P2O5 and K2O the variation in spring rape productivity and to determine the relationships between the parameters studied. Our experimental evidence suggests that humic and fulvic acids (humus acid fertilizers) significantly increased the activity of urease (0,03–0,07 mg NH3 per 24 h). The activity of saccharase significantly increased (4,5 mg glucose per 48 h)having used 1,67 kg of humic acid, and that of dehydrogenase (1,8 mg formazane per 24 h) having used 3,3 kg of humic acid. A significant seed increase of 0,32–0,46 t ha-1 in spring rape was obtained under the effect of humic and fulvic acids. The highest yield (2,72 t ha-1) and yield increase (0,46 t ha-1)were obtained when humic and fulvic acids had been spray-applied to the rapeseed crop at the bud formation stage. A linear correlation (y=2,1069+0,0129x) was identified between the yield of spring rape seed and available variation of phosphorus during the crop growing season (r=0,88*). A medium strong correlation(r=0,71 was determined between rapeseed yield and available potassium variation in the soil. Humic and fulvic acids significantly increased the yield of crude fat (0,94 t ha-1). The highest content of crude fat was recorded after the humic and fulvic acid treatments at the bud formation stage of spring rape. Under the effect of these fertilizers glucosinolate content in rapeseed increased but did not exceed the allowable levelVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

The effect of agronomic and climatic factors on winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) root neck growth in autumn

ISSN 1822-3230 (ankstesnių spausdintų leidinių)The aim of this study was to investigate the growth habit of winter oilseed rape root neck during the vegetative period in autumn. Such information is important for better understanding of winter oilseed rape growth pattern at early stages of development with the purpose to improve over winter survival. Field trials were conducted on Endocalcari – Epihypogleyic Cambisols. For the determination of changes of winter oilseed rape root neck thickness during autumnal development the effect of planting date, seedbed nitrogen application, stand population density, number of calendar days after emergence, accumulated by plants growing degree days and interaction among these factors was tested. For the description of the root neck growth pattern Boltzmann’s growth function performing a nonlinear fitting of estimating parameters was used. Results collected in the experiments indicate that the effect of sowing date including accumulated by plants growing degree days and the number of calendar days after emergence showed much greater effect on winter oilseed rape root diameter than seeding rate or pre-plant nitrogen application. On the basis of collected data winter oilseed rape root neck growth model was developed. These studies that relate mentioned factors to fall growth of winter oilseed rape root neck are presented in the paperVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

The influence of different nitrogen forms and application time on winter wheat

Nitrogen is a key element in the plant's mineral nutrition, which determines the fertility and quality of agricultural crops, but the excess of nitrogen has a negative impact on the environment. To determine the influence of nitrogen forms and winter wheat development on the nitrogen, photosynthetic parameters and productivity of plant nutrition. Analysis of soil done using standard methods acts: P2O5 and K2O — A-L, pH of soil -potentiometer, mineral nitrogen (N-NO3 + N-NH4) - tintometer, total carbon - dry burning. Assimilation area of leaf - gage of WinDias, index of chlorophyll -spectrophotometer, level of nitrogen - method ofKjeldahl. The research was carried out at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University during 2015-2016 on medium textured loamy carbonaceous leached soil -Calc(ar)i-Epihypogleyic Luvisols. The soil of the experimental field was the following: pHKCl 6.8-7.2; phosphorus (P2Os) - 423-429 mg kg"1; potassium (K20) -157-163 mg kg-1; humus - 2.47-2.82%. The researchers explored the winter wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.) variety 'Skagen' fertilized with amide (N-NH2), ammonium (N-NH4) and nitrate (N-NO3) forms of nitrogen fertilizers in different tillering stages (BBCH 21-29). 7 days after winter wheat was fertilized, the level of mineral nitrogen in the soil was on average 23.9% higher using ammonium-nitrate nitrogen form fertilizers than using amide nitrogen form ones. The index of chlorophyll and the area of leaves were essentially higher when ammonium-nitrate and amide forms of nitrogen fertilizers were used. The biggest effect on the index of chlorophyll and the area of leaves was achieved 16 days after the start of vegetation when plants were fertilized with ammonium-nitrate fertilizers. Plants fertilized with ammonium-nitrate fertilizers gave the biggest yield 4 days after the start of vegetationVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Skystųjų trąšų panaudojimo rapsų augimo technologijoje naujovės

Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij