The effects of the parents’ genotype on susceptibility to leaf curl (Taphrina deformans (Berk.) Tul) of vineyard peach hybrid seedlings

Leaf curl is one of the peach diseases with the most economically important impact, because very strong infection can cause total defoliation. Susceptibility to a leaf curl was examined from the period 1994-1998 in a collection of selected vineyard peach genotypes and newly peach and nectarine cultivars. Selected low susceptible genotypes (vineyard peach GR/65/87 and processing peach Villa Ada) were used in cross-pollination with differently susceptible genotypes. The process produced more than 250 seedlings of F1 progeny from few combinations of the parents. Susceptibility of hybrid seedlings to the leaf curl pathogen was investigated several years in the open field, without application of pesticide. More types of inheritance of examined characteristic were determinate in the progenies from different combinations of the parents. The results agree with polygenic inheritance.

Isoenzyme polymorphism of almond genotypes selected in the region of northern Serbia

Isoenzyme polymorphism was studied in 20 almond (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] D. A. Webb) genotypes selected from seedling populations of unknown almond cultivars in the region of northern Serbia (Vojvodina). Fourteen enzyme systems were studied using the method of vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Ten systems were polymorphic in twelve loci. This polymorphism allowed unique identification of all studied genotypes. The most useful enzyme for analysis of almond genetic variability was menadione reductase. Polymorphism identified for alkaline phosphatase, formate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, and menadione reductase was reported for the first time in almond. Cluster analysis was used to construct a dendrogram on which five clusters with different number of genotypes could be identified

Polimorfizam dehidrogenaza kao alat za ranu selekciju slabo bujnih podloga za trešnju i višnju

The correlation of dehydrogenase isoenzyme profile with plant/tree vigour of twenty genotypes belonging to the genus Prunus and the subgenus Cerasus as well as to four commercial rootstocks (Colt, Gisela 5, Gisela 6 and MaxMa 14) was investigated in this study. Principal component analysis was applied for the classification of the cherry rootstocks based on vigour traits and polymorphism of isoenzymes in order to determine the most useful dehydrogenase enzyme in the preselecting process of cherry rootstocks. The most influential variables which led to the separation of low vigorous genotypes from other genotypes were isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Since both significant and negative correlations were observed between tree vigour and malate dehydrogenase, as well as between tree vigour and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, those systems can be used for early selection of low vigour rootstocks. Our results suggest that the association between low vigour and malate dehydrogenase genotype ab provides a convenient marker that can be characterised even at the seedling stage, and could be applied in early rootstock selection and breeding programmes.U radu je ispitivana korelacija između dehidrogenaznih izoenzimskih profila i bujnosti kod 20 genotipova roda Prunus, podroda Cerasus, kao i kod četiri komercijalne podloge: Colt, Gisela 5, Gisela 6 i MaxMa 14. Analiza glavnih komponenti je primenjena kako bi se ocenila potencijalna primena izoenzima za ranu selekciju slabo bujnih podloga za trešnju i višnju. Najveći uticaj na izdvajanje slabo bujnih genotipova imali su izoenzimski sistemi izocitrat dehidrogenaza, malat dehidrogenaza i fosfoglukonat dehidrogenaza. Značajna negativna korelacija utvrđena je između bujnosti i malat dehidrogenaze genotipa ab, kao i između bujnosti i fosfoglukonat dehidrogenaze, što ove sisteme čini potencijalnim markerima za ranu selekciju slabo bujnih podloga

Ispitivanje auto-(in)kompatibilnosti genotipova badema (Prunus amygdalus batsch) selekcionisanih na Slankamenačkom bregu

Due to the importance of obtaining almond cultivars adapted to the agroecological conditions of Serbia, in the period 2005-2006 pollen viability and self-(in)compatibility in 19 almond genotypes selected from the seedling population on Slankamen hill, were studied. All analyzed almond genotypes had good (50-70%) or high (over 70%) pollen germination. The study of self-(in)compatibility was done by monitoring of the fruit set in the field and observing self-pollen growth by fluorescence microscopy. Self-incompatibility was confirmed in all the 19 genotypes by both methods. Pollen tube penetration was stopped mostly at the upper third of the style of all genotypes, with characteristic irregularities.U cilju stvaranja sorti badema prilagođenih agro-ekološkim uslovima Srbije u periodu 2005.-2006. godine proučavana je klijavost polena i auto (in)kompatibilnost 19 genotipova badema odabranih iz populacije sejanaca na Slankamenačkom bregu. Svi ispitivani genotipovi badema imali su dobru (50-70- %) ili visoku klijavost polena (preko 70%). Ispitivanja auto (in)kompatibilnosti su obavljena praćenjem zametanja u poljskim uslovima i metodom fluorescentne mikroskopije. Auto inkompatibilnost je u oba slučaja bila izražena kod svih 19 genotipova. Kod svih genotipova polenove cevčice su zaustavljale rast najdalje u gornjoj trećini stubića uz karakteristične petlje, zadebljanja i krivudanja

Fenološke karakteristike ranih sorti jagode gajenih na otvorenom polju i u plasteniku

The objective of this study was to analyze phenological traits of newly cultivars of strawberry from early ripening group: Clery, Queen Elisa and Madeleine. Plants were grown on black mulch foil, at the distance 30x30 cm, with fertirigation. The planting was done at the end of July 2004. in the Institute PKB Agreokonomik. During the period of 2005-2007 flowering and ripening time was observed the open field and under a high plastic tunnel. The earliest flowering and ripening time had cultivar Clery. Compare to open field, in the plastic tunnel start of flowering was 11 and ripening 10 days early for all cultivars.Cilj rada je ispitivanje fenoloških osobina novijih sorti jagode ranijeg vremena zrenja: Clery, Queen Elisa i Madeleine. Jagode su gajene na crnoj foliji, sa razmakom sadnje 30x30 cm, uz obezbeđenu fertirigaciju. Sadnja je obavljena krajem jula 2004. god. na Oglednom polju Instituta PKB Agroekonomik. U periodu 2005-2007. praćeno je vreme cvetanje i sazrevanja kod biljaka gajenih na otvorenom polju i u plasteniku. Najranije vreme cvetanja i sazrevanja imala je sorta Clery. Sve ispitivane sorte počinju da cvetaju i sazrevaju prosečno 11, odnosno 10 dana ranije u plasteniku nego na otvorenom polju

Uticaj gustine sadnje na bujnost breskve i nektarine

Peach production in highly developed countries (France, USA, Greece, Italy) is about 20 t/ha, but average yield in Serbia is much lower. One of the main prerequisite to obtain regular and high yields in peach and nectarine orchard of Serbia is to introduce new training systems. Investigations were done in Fruit research station of the Institute PKB Agroekonomik in Padinska Skela near Belgrade. Orchard was done with vineyard peach seedlings planted and grafted directly on place. Sloping leader was used as training system. Planting distance was 3.5 x 1 m and 3.5 x 1.5 m. In standard trial one year old fruit trees were planted at distance 4 x 2 m with fuseto and at 4 x 4 m with open vase as training systems. Results of three year research how planting distance was influenced on tree vigour parameters of the peach Autumn Glo and clone of nectarine Stark Red Gold was shown. Planting density has significant influence on diameter of epibiote and hypobiote trunk so as on decreasing of central leader vigor.Prosečni prinosi breskve u zemljama sa razvijenom voćarskom proizvodnjom (Francuska, SAD, Grčka, Italija) su oko 20 t/ha, dok su prosečni prinosi breskve u Srbiji značajno manji. Jedan od osnovnih preduslova za postizanje redovnih i visokih prinosa breskve i nektarine u Srbiji je uvođenje novih sistema gajenja i uzgojnih oblika. Istraživanja su obavljena u ogledno-proizvodnom zasadu Instituta PKB Agroekomik u Padinskoj Skeli. Podizanje zasada je obavljeno sadnjom i kalemljenjem sejanaca vinogradske breskve na stalnom mestu na rastojanju 3,5 x 1 m i 3,5 x 1,5 m , i formiranjem uzgojnog oblika kosa vođica. Standardni deo ogleda je podignut sadnjom jednogodišnjih sadnica na rastojanju 4 x 2 m uz primenu fuzeta, i 4 x 4 m uz primenu kotlaste krune. Ispitivan je uticaj gustine sadnje na bujnost stabala breskve Autumn Glo i klona nektarine Stark Red Gold. U radu su prikazani trogodišnji rezultati ispitivanja parametara bujnosti. Gustina sadnje je ispoljila značajan uticaj na prečnik debla podloge, prečnik debla sorte i visinu ispitivanih stabala

Effective pollination period in 'oblacinska' sour cherry clones

To obtain high yields there should be high flower density and fruit set in sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) production. Furthermore, in order to ensure successful fertilization, there should be satisfactory stigma receptivity, rapid pollen tube growth along the style, as well as adequate ovule longevity. This manuscript presents the study of the effective pollination period (EPP) of four 'Oblacinska' sour cherry clones (II/2, III/9, XI/3 and XIII/1) that differs in pollen germination, fruit set and yields. In order to estimate EPP, pollination was conducted in six different stages of flower development: balloon stage, 2 d before anthesis (-2), at anthesis (0), and 2, 4, 6 and 8 d after anthesis (DAA). The initial (IFS) and final fruit set (FFS) were recorded under the field conditions. Alongside with this, the rate of pollen tubes growth in the style was observed with fluorescent microscopy. The experimental design was completely randomized, a two-factorial analysis of variance was carried out and individual testing was performed using LSD test (p lt = 0.05; p lt = 0.01). The experiment was set in triplicates. Regarding FFS, clones II/2 and III/9 showed the best results (p lt = 0.01) in 4 and 6 DAA. The number of pollen tubes in the style of the pistil decreased with subsequent terms of pollination, while its number in the ovule increased up to sixth day after pollination, followed by a decline. Clones II/2 and III/9 showed EPP which lasted from 6 to 8 d, while EPP found in clone XI/3, lasted only 2 d. It is concluded that only clone having long EPP should be used as parents for creating new sour cherry cultivars

Influence of vineyard peach selections on vigour and initial yield in peach and nectarine

Seedlings (progenies) of eight selected vineyard peach genotypes obtained by self and open pollination were examined in this study during three consecutive years. Two progenies from unselected vineyard peach genotypes with different geographic origin were used as a standard. Peach cv. Autumn Glo and nectarine cv. Stark Red Gold were grafted on F1 generation of eight vineyard peach selections and two standard progenies. Analysis of variance indicated statistically significant differences in vigour and fruit productivity between fruit trees grafted on different progenies of vineyard peach selections. A high correlation was found between rootstock vigour and fruit production of grafted cultivars. In addition, the principal component analysis made it possible to establish similar groups of rootstocks, depending on its influence to vigour, productivity and indexes of efficiency of grafted peach and nectarine cultivar. The most promising rootstocks for those two cultivars were PSK and 7S because grafted AG and SRG have high fruit weight, initial yields and very satisfactory rootstock, scion and canopy efficiency. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 31063

Hemijski sastav jezgre genotipova badema selekcionisanih na lokalitetu Slankamenački breg

The paper presents the results of three year (2004-2006) study of chemical composition in 19 almond genotypes, selected from Slankamen hill. The aim of this work was selection of the genotypes having high kernel quality. The lowest total dry matter was established for genotype 1/03 (92.64%), and highest for genotype 29/03 (94.44%). Significant variability was obtained for content of oil (45.82% to 56.14%) and of crude protein (20.94 do 26.85%). Mineral matter in kernel varied from 3.21% to 4.33%. Considering nutritive value, the most interesting are genotypes with high kernel oil content (over 55%) 10/03, 11/03, 17/03 as well as genotypes 18/03, 19/03, 22/03 having crude protein content of more than 25%. .U radu su prikazani rezultati trogodišnjeg (2004-2006) ispitivanja hemijskog sastava 19 genotipova badema koji su selekcionisani na području Slankamenačkog brega. Cilj rada je bio izdvajanje genotipova koji se odlikuju visokim kvalitetom jezgre. Najmanji sadržaj suvih materija utvrđen je za genotip 1/03 (92,64%), a najveći za genotip 29/03 (94,44%). Značajna variranja utvrđena su za prosečan sadržaj ulja (45,82% do 56,14%) i za prosečan sadržaj sirovih proteina (20,94 do 26,85%). Prosečan sadržaj mineralnih materija bio je u intervalu od 3,21% do 4,33%. Sa aspekta nutritivne vrednosti izdvajaju se genotipovi 10/03, 11/03 i 17/03 sa visokim sadržajem ulja u jezgri (preko 55%) kao i genotipovi 18/03, 19/03, 22/03 sa sadržajem sirovih proteina preko 25%.

The Influence of High Density Planting on the Properties of Late Maturing Nectarine Cultivars

Ispitivan je uticaj guste sadnje na osobine pet poznih sorti nektarine: Venus, Vinčanka (klon sorte Stark Redgold kasnijeg vremena zrenja), Orion, Morsiani 51 i Vega. Sejanci vinogradske breskve su posađeni na rastojanju 3,5 x 1m (2800 stabala/ha). Kalemljenje je obavljeno na stalnom mestu na visini od 50 cm. U oglednom zasadu je primenjen novi uzgojni oblik, nazvan kosa vođica, koji se karakteriše time da je centralna vođica povijena pod uglom od 25° u odnosu na zamišljenu vertikalu. Ispitivani su parametri bujnosti, prinos, masa i organoleptičke osobine ploda u trogodišnjem periodu. U trećoj godini rodnosti sorte Venus, Vinčanka i Orion su postigle visoke prinose. Manji razmak sadnje je ispoljio negativan uticaj na masu ploda sorti Vega i Max 7, dok su plodovi ostalih sorata bili u kategoriji krupnih plodova. Sistem guste sadnje nije ispoljio negativan efekat na organoleptičke osobine plodova ispitivanih sorata.The influence of high density planting on the properties of five nectarine cultivars: Venus, Vinčanka (clone of Stark Redgold with later ripening), Orion, Morsiani 51, and Vega, was studied. In high density planting, seedlings of vineyard peach were planted at 3.5 x 1m (2800 trees ha-1) and grafted at the height of 50 cm above ground level. The trees were trained as the Sloping Leader. That is new training system characterized by central leader bended at an angle of 25° with respect to an imaginary vertical axis. The following characteristics were studied: tree vigour, yield, fruit weight, and sensory properties for three consecutive years. A small row spacing had negative influence on yield and fruit weight of nectarine cultivars Morsiani 51 and Vega. High-density planting system did not show negative effects on fruit sensory characteristics. Based on obtained results, studied cultivars can be divided into two groups. The first group consists of cultivars Venus, Orion, and Vinčanka that are suitable for this system of high density planting. The second group consists of cultivars Vega and Morsiani 51, that are less suitable for this system. Further long-term study is required to obtain more reliable conclusions