A Comparison of the Maximal Fat Oxidation Rates of Three Different Time Periods in The Fatmax Stage

This study aimed to compare the maximal fat oxidation (MFO) rates obtained from the stage average, last 2 min average, and highest value in the Fatmax stage determined with a 6 min step protocol. A total of 35 overweight, sedentary healthy men (age: 25.4 ± 0.7 years, body mass index: 26.0 ± 0.6 kg/m2) participated in the study. Substrate oxidation was calculated using breath-by-breath gas exchange data for each stage. When the change in the fat oxidation rate for every min throughout the Fatmax stage was evaluated, the average value of the 4th min was significantly lower than that of the 2nd and 3rd min (p < 0.01). In addition, the 5th and 6th min fat oxidation rates were significantly lower than the rates of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th min (0.30 ± 0.01 and 0.29 ± 0.01 g/min for the 5th and 6th min, respectively, vs. 0.35 ± 0.02, 0.34 ± 0.02, 0.33 ± 0.02, and 0.31 ± 0.01 g/min for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th min, respectively; p < 0.01). Most of the participants had MFO rates in the 1st min of the stage (16/35 participants), and the MFO rates of the remaining participants were observed in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th min (7/35, 4/35, and 8/35 participants, respectively). None of the participants had MFO rates in the 5th or 6th min. The individual MFO rate (highest fat oxidation rate during Fatmax) was significantly higher than the fat oxidation rate calculated with the last 2 min average values (0.36 ± 0.02 and 0.30 ± 0.01 g/min, respectively; p < 0.05). In conclusion, the calculation of the fat oxidation rate by averaging the last portion of the Fatmax stage data may cause the underestimation of the MFO rate, which probably occurs earlier in the Fatmax stage

Comparision Of Young National And TOPC Team Female Swimmers’ Front Crawl Swimming Performance With Underwater Analysis

B u çalışmanın amacı, genç yüzme milli takımı ve Türkiye Olimpiyat Hazırlık Merkezi (TOHM) Projesi kapsamındaki Adana yüzme takımından yüzücülerin sualtı görüntüleme sistemi ile kulaç karakteristiklerinin incelenmesi ve 50 m. serbest yüzme performans verilerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Milli takımdan 8 ve TOHM takımından 8 olmak üzere toplam 16 yarışmacı genç kadın yüzücü çalışmamıza katılmıştır. Antropometrik ve derialtı yağ doku ölçümleri yapılarak kas ve yağ oranları ile beden kütle endeksleri (BKİ) hesaplanmıştır. 50 m. serbest yüzme kulaç karakteristikleri, sualtı hareketli kamera sistemi ile kaydedilmiştir. Hız, süre, Kulaç Sayısı (KS), Kulaç Oranı (KO), Kulaç Uzunluğu (KU) ve Kulaç İndeksi (Kİ) verileri, sualtı analiz programı ile incelenmiştir. İstatistiksel analiz SPSS-V21 programı kullanılarak bağımsız t testi ve Mann Whittney U testi ile p0,05). Milli yüzücüler, TOHM sporcuları ile karşılaştırıldıklarında anlamlı olarak daha kaslı, daha ağır ve daha geniş kol açıklığı ölçüm değerlerine sahip bulunmuşlardır (p0,05). Milli yüzücülerin 50 metre yüzme dereceleri ile Kİ (r = -0,89) verileri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmişken, TOHM takımında bu ilişkiye rastlanmamıştır (p>0,05). Çalışmamızın sonuçlarına göre; kadın yüzücülerin kulaç karakteristiğini ifade eden verilerin tanımlanması, incelenmesi ve iyileştirilmesinin, performansın geliştirilmesi adına büyük önem taşıdığı düşünülmektedir. Benzer gruplarda, uzun dönemde performansın elit seviyeye taşınmasının, yüzücülerin KU, Kİ ve bunlara bağlı olarak yüzme tekniğinin geliştirilmesiyle mümkün olabileceği düşünülmektedirThe aim of the present study is to compare swimming stroke characteristics of young national Olympic swimmers and swimmers from Olympic Preparation Centers of Turkey in Adana (TOPC) by using underwater video record system. Anthropometric and skinfold thicknesses of the swimmers’ were measured. Body fat and body mass indexes were calculated. 50m front crawl swimming performances were recorded with an Underwater Moving Camera System. Statistical analysis procedures were carried out by using SPSS-V21 software with Independent Samples t-Test and Mann Whittney-U test. The significance level was accepted as p0,05). Body mass, arm span, mesomorph, muscle and bone percentage of national swimmers were found significantly higher than TOPC swimmers (p0,05). The results of our study show that defining the data expressing female swimmers’ stroke characteristics and analysis have great importance to improve swimming performance. We posit that developing stroke length, stroke index and consequently swimming techniques are essential to achieve elite-level performance improvement in the long term

Leishmaniasis in Turkey: first clinical isolation of Leishmania major from 18 autochthonous cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in four geographical regions

International audienceOBJECTIVE:To report isolation of Leishmania major strains obtained from 18 Turkish autochthonous cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) patients infected with L. major between 2011 and 2014.METHODS:Initial diagnosis relied on microscopy and culture in enriched medium, prepared by adding specific amounts of liver extract, protein and lipid sources to NNN medium. Promastigotes were then transferred to RPMI medium including 10% of foetal calf serum for mass culture. Species-specific real-time PCR targeting ITS1 region of Leishmania spp. was performed using both lesion aspiration samples and cultured promastigotes. Two of 18 isolates were identified by isoenzyme analysis in the Leishmaniasis Reference Center in Montpellier, France. Each isolate was inoculated into the footpads of six mice to observe the pathogenicity of L. major. Developing lesions were observed, and the thickening of footpads was measured weekly.RESULTS:Melting curve analyses of 18 isolates showed a peak concordant with L. major, and two of them were confirmed by isoenzyme analyses as L. major zymodeme MON103. In the mouse model, acute lesions seen on day 21 were accepted as an indication of heavy infection. Severe impairments were observed on all mouse footpads over 3 weeks, which even progressed to extremity amputation.CONCLUSION:Cutaneous leishmaniasis-causing L. major was recently identified in Adana province in southern Turkey, with PCR. Our study shows that such CL cases are not limited to Adana but currently present from western to Southeastern Anatolia, and along the Mediterranean coast. The role of small mammals, the main reservoirs of L. major in Anatolia, needs to be elucidated, as do the underlying factors that cause severe clinical manifestations in L. major infections in Turkey, contrary to the infections in neighbouring countries