The Effect of N-acetylcysteine on Biomarkers for Radiation-Induced Oxidative Damage in a Rat Model

Our study aimed to investigate the potential radioprotective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) by comparing its biochemical effects with those of WR-2721, as a representative of clinically used radioprotectors, in preventing oxidative damage caused by gamma irradiation (single dose, 6Gy) in normal rat tissue. The rats (n=40) were divided randomly and equally into 4 groups:Control (C), Radiation (R), R+NAC (received irradiation and 1,000mg/kg NAC) and R&#65291;WR-2721 (received irradiation and 200mg/kg WR-2721) rats. Liver tissues and blood samples were harvested and utilized for reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) detection. Serum and tissue GSH levels of R rats decreased compared to those of other groups (p&#60;0.01). Tissue MDA levels of R+NAC and R+WR-2721 rats decreased compared to R rats (p&#60;0.01;p&#60;0.05, respectively). Tissue MPO activities of R+NAC and R+WR-2721 rats were higher than those of R rats (p&#60;0.001). Serum MPO levels of R+WR-2721 rats were lower than those of C rats and R rats (p&#60;0.01, p&#60;0.001, respectively). In conclusion, the study suggests that the radioprotective effect against radiation-induced oxidative damage of NAC may be similar to that of WR-2721.</p

Promotion activities in the banking sector and reflection of promotion expenditures to financial statements: The case of Vakıfbank

Bu çalışmada bankacılık sektöründe hizmet pazarlaması tutundurma yöntemleri ile bankacılık mali tablolar analizi birlikte ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı bankacılık sektöründe tutundurma faaliyetleri ve tutundurma harcamalarının mali tablolara yansıtılma sürecinin Vakıfbank örneği üzerinde incelenmesidir Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın iki hedefi bulunmaktadır. Birincisi:Vakıfbank’a ait 2009-2018 yılları arası faaliyet raporlarını inceleyerek tutundurma faaliyetlerinin değerlendirilmesi,İkincisi: Vakıfbank’a ait 2009-2018 yılları arası mali tabloları inceleyerek tutundurma harcamalarının mali tablolardaki mevcut durumu ve mali tablolara yansıtılma sürecinin incelenmesidir. Bu çerçevede Reklam ve ilan Giderleri, Toplam Faiz Giderleri, Toplam Faiz Gelirleri, Net Faiz Geliri, Net Dönem Karı, Net Faaliyet Karı kalemleri arasındaki ilişki ve yıllar itibari ile değişiminin tespit edilmesidir. Bu çalışmada Vakıfbank’a ait 2009-2018 yılları arası mali tablolardan elde edilen ikincil veriler korelasyon analizi ve trend analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre Vakıfbank pazarlama iletişimi sürecinde “kişisel satış, reklam, halkla ilişkiler, satış geliştirme” yöntemlerini kullanmaktadır. Özellikle bir halkla ilişkiler aracı olarak “kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk, sponsorluk” faaliyetlerine daha fazla önem verilmektedir. Buna karşın Vakıfbank mali tablolarında farklı nitelikteki tutundurma faaliyetleri ile ilgili harcamalar “reklam ve ilan giderleri başlığı” altında sunulmaktadır. Reklam ve ilan giderleri ile toplam faiz gideri, net faiz geliri, net v faaliyet karı, dönem net karı arasında güçlü düzeyde, pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, reklam giderlerinin trende sahip olduğu ve bu trendlerin artan düzeyde eğilime sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, “tutundurma harcamalarının” ayrıntılı biçimde analiz edilmesi “bankacılık hizmetleri tutundurma karmasının optimizasyonu” açısından oldukça önemlidir.In this study, service marketing promotion methods and banking financial statements analysis are handled together for banking sector. The aim of this study is making analysis of how financial statements are affected by promotion activities and promotion expenses on banking sector as an example of Vakıfbank. According to this, there are two goals of this study. First one is: determining promotion activities that are included in 2009-2018 annual activity reports of Vakıfbank. Second one is: making analysis of how can promotion expenses are handled in financial statements of 2009-2018 annual activity reports of Vakıfbank. In this context; Advertising Expenses, Total Interest Expenses, Total Interest Income, Net Interest Income, Net Profit for the Period, Net Operating Profit items’ relationship and its change by years is investigated. In this study, secondary datas that are get from financial statements of 2009-2018 annual activity reports of Vakıfbank, are evaluated by correlation and trends analysis. As a result of the research, Vakıfbank uses “personal sales, advertisement, public relations,sales development” methods for marketing communication process. Vakıfbank especially gives more importance to “institutional social responsibility, sponsorship” activities as a public relations tool. Despite that all different expenses about promotion activities are presented below “advertising expenses” headline on financial statements of Vakıfbank. It is found that there is a strong, positive and meaningful relation between advertisement expenses and total interest expense, net interest income, net operating vii profit. It is also found that advertisement expenses have a increasing trends. Last of all, making detailed analysis of “promotion expenses” is very important for “promotion mix optimization of banking services”

Is Ramadan fasting correlated with disordered eating behaviours in adolescents?

This study aimed to examine the cross-sectional relationship between Ramadan fasting as a spiritual factor with prolonged hunger and disordered eating behaviors. The study was conducted in June 2016 (11th–29th days of Ramadan) and consisted of 238 fasting and 49 non-fasting adolescents. Risk of disordered eating was evaluated using the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) and Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 (TFEQ-R18). Body image dissatisfaction was rated with Stunkard’s Figure Rating Scale (FRS). Nutritional status was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall. There was no significant difference between energy intake, EAT-26 and TFEQ-R18 scores (except the emotional eating sub-scores) between the groups. FRS revealed that the comparisons of their “ideal” and self were not significantly different between the groups whereas the gap between the figures they think healthy and closest to self was significantly higher amongst non-fasting adolescents. Two-hundred and two (97.5%) adolescents reported fasting for religious purposes whereas only 8 (3.4%) for losing weight. The EAT-26 total scores were in the pathological range in 39 (16.8%) adolescents who fasted for religious purposes. This study suggests that motivation of adolescents to fast during Ramadan was due to spiritual decisions rather than weight control or other factors and Ramadan fasting was not correlated with disordered eating behaviors or body image dissatisfaction