PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF FIVE ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE GENES ASSOCIATED WITH Klebsiella pneumoniae ISOLATED FROM BURN INFECTION PATIENTS

The current study was carried out for the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of five antimicrobial resistance-associated genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from burn infection patients. Total one hundred three (103) bacterial samples (strains) were isolated from the 103 burn infection patients admitted at Middle Euphrates Burns Center of AL-Kufa City Iraq. Out of total isolated bacterial samples (103), there were 31 isolates (30%) identified as Pseudomonas sp., 23 isolates (22.3%) as K. pneumonia, 22 isolates as Staphylococcus sps. (21.4%), 11 isolates as E. coli (10.6%), 8 isolates as Acinetobacter sps. (7.8%), 5 isolates as Enterobacter sps. (4.9%), while the lowest prevalence (3 isolates) was reported for the Proteus spp. (3%). The antimicrobial sensitivity test indicated that all isolated K. pneumoniae have resistant (100%) against standard antibiotic Amoxicillin. While Imipenem is the only antibiotic that can inhibit the growth of all 23 isolates. Further, according to the phenotypic detection method, there were 14 isolates (61%) capable of production of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL). Genotypic method to detect the presence of five antibiotic resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction proved that 13 isolates (56.5%) were Tem gene, 18 isolates (78.2%) were positive for Shv gene, 8 isolates (34.7%) were positive Ctxm gene, three isolates (13%) were positive for Oxa gene and 10 isolates (43.7%) positive for AmpC gene. Results of the study can be concluded that K. pneumoniae is the second causative agent that causes burn infection and has higher antibiotics resistance. Extended spectrum beta lactamase of K. pneumoniae was higher prevalence in burn infection and harbored many beta lactamase genes

Antalya ili otbiçenlerinin sistematiği ve biyoekolojisi (Arachnida: Opiliones)

Tez (Doktora) -- Kırıkkale Üniversitesi78447

Systematics and bioecolohy of harvestmen of Antalya province (Arachnida: Opiliones)

YÖK Tez ID: 258939Bu çalışma, 2005-2009 yılları arasında bölgede farklı vejetasyon tipleri, habitat, deniz seviyesinden yükseklik ve denizden uzaklık gibi faktörler dikkate alınarak Antalya ilinin otbiçen faunasını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. İncelenen otbiçen birey sayısı toplam 1178 olup, bunlardan 590'ı dişi, 166'sı erkek ve 422'si nimftir. Ergin oranı % 64,18 (% 21.95'i ? ve % 78.05'i ?), nimf oranı % 35,82 olarak bulunmuştur. Ergin bireylere ait örneklerin sistematik ve biyoekolojik yönden değerlendirilmesi sonucu, 5 familya içinde 11 cinse ait 14 otbiçen türü tespit edilmiştir. Arazi çalışmalarında elde edilen örneklerin; % 48,64'ü Phalangiidae'ye, %5,86'sı Leiobunidae'ye, %1,11'i Trogulidae'ye, %2,21'i Dicranolasmatidae'ye, %6,36'sı ise Nemastomatidae'ye ait olup, geri kalan % 35,82'si nimf olarak bulunmuştur. Her bir tür için türlerin tanımı, morfolojisi, habitatı, ekolojisi ve toplama bilgileri verilmiş, türlerin dünyadaki ve Türkiye'deki yayılışları ele alınmıştır. Literatür taramalarında şimdiye dek, Türkiye'den toplam 50 otbiçen türünün yerli ve yabancı araknologlar tarafından kayıt edilmiş olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Phalangiidae içinde Lacinius ephippiatus, Odiellus lendli, Metaplatybunus hypanicus, Phalangium punctipes, Opilio lederi, Opilio saxatilis, Opilio parietinus, Zacheus crista; Leiobunidae içinde Leiobunum albigenum, Leiobunum rotundum; Trogulidae içinde Trogulus uncinatus; Dicranolasmatidae içinde Dicranolasma scabrum; Nemastomatidae içinde ise Pyza anatolica, Histricostoma dentipalpe tespit edilmiştir. Bu araştırmada Metaplatybunus hypanicus, Odiellus lendli ve Leibunum albigenum türleri Türkiye otbiçen faunası için yeni kayıttır. Böylece Türkiye otbiçen tür sayısı 50'den 53'e yükselmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Otbiçen, Opiliones, Sistematik, Biyoekoloji, Fauna, Antalya.This study was performed between 2005 and 2009. The aim of the study was to determine the opiliones fauna of Antalya province. Different vegatation type, habitat, elevation and far from the sea factors were considered for the study. The total number of the observed specimens is 1178. 590 of the observed opilionids were famale, 166 of the observed opiliones were male, and 422 of the observed opilionids were nymph. Adult rate is 64.18 (21.95 % ? and 78.05 % ?) percent, nymph rate is 35.82 percent. In the result of evaluation of the adult specimens, in view of systematics and bioecology, 14 species were established as belonging to 11 genera in 5 families. In the result of evolation 48.64 percent is belong to Phalangiidae, 5.86 percent is belong to Leiobunidae, 1.11 percent is belong to Trogulidae, 2.21 percent is belong to Dicranolasmatidae and 6.36 percent is belong to Nemastomatidae. Also 35.82 percent was established as nymph specimens. Description, morphology, habitat, ecology and all kind of collection data were given in the text, and the distributions of the species in the World and Turkey were presented. According to the literature, a total of 50 species are recorded by foreigner and Turkish arachnologists. In this study, in Phalangiidae, Lacinius ephippiatus, Odiellus lendli, Metaplatybunus hypanicus, Phalangium punctipes, Opilio lederi, Opilio saxatilis, Opilio parietinus, Zacheus crista; in Leiobunidae, Leiobunum albigenum, Leiobunum rotundum; in Trogulidae, Trogulus uncinatus; in Dicranolasmatidae, Dicranolasma scabrum; also in Nemastomatidae, Pyza anatolica, Histricostoma dentipalpe were established. In this study, Metaplatybunus hypanicus, Odiellus lendli and Leibunum albigenum are new records for Turkish harvestmen fauna. Thus, the number of the opilionid species in Turkey was increased 53 from 50.Key Words: Harvestmen, Opiliones, Systematics, Bioecology, Fauna, Antalya

Türkiye otbiçen faunası için yeni bir kayıt:Dicranolasma giljarovi Silhavi,1966 (Opilionida, Disranolamatidae)

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye otbiçen faunası için yeni kayıt olan Dicranolasma giljarovi Silhavy 1966'nin taksonomik özellikleri ve çizimleri verilmiştir. Ayrıca türün habitat, fenolojisi ve coğrafi dağılışı verilmiştir. Türe ait örnekler Türkiye'nin farklı yerlerinden toplanmışlardır.The characteristic features and drawings of Dicranolasma giljarovi Silhavy, 1966, which is a new record for the harvest spider fauna of Turkey, are given. In addition, habitat, phenology and the geographical distribution of the species are presented. The specimens were collected from different parts of Turkey

Functional Morphology and Histology of Pectine (Sensory Comb) Organ of Protoiurus kraepelini (Iuridae: Scorpines)

Akrepler, Arachnida sınıfında yer alan zehirli arthropodlardan olup, bilinen en eski karasal eklembacaklılardır ve yaşayan fosiller olarak da tanımlanmaktadırlar. Akrepler kendilerine özgü bir takım özelliklere, özel yapılara sahip olmaları ve zehirlenme vakalarına sebep olmaları nedeniyle çeşitli araştırmalara konu olmuştur. Ancak, akreplere özgü bir duyu organı olan ve tarak organı olarak da bilinen pektin organın yapısı hakkında çok fazla bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Protoiurus kraepelini (von Ubisch, 1922) akrebinin tarak organ yapısı ışık mikroskobu ve taramalı elektron mikroskop (SEM) kullanarak çalışılmış, detaylı morfolojik ve histolojik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Örnekler Eğirdir (Isparta, Türkiye)’de yapılan arazi çalışmalarında toplanamıştır. P. kraepelini’nin tarak organı diğer akreplerde olduğu gibi bir çift olarak mesosomal ikinci segmentin ventrolateralinde yerleşmiş olup genel mimariye uygun olarak marjinal lamella, median lamella ve pektinal dişler olmak üzere üç kısımdan oluşmaktadır. Aynı zamanda bu yapılar üzerinde yer alan duyusal kılları, pektinal dişler üzerindeki peg sensillanın morfolojileri incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, ilk kez P. kraepelini’nin tarak organının histolojisi ortaya konulmuş ve yapı - fonksiyon arasındaki bağlantı uyarınca olası fonksiyonları tartışılmıştır.Scorpions are the oldest known terrestrial arthropods of the Arachnida class and are also known as living fossils. Scorpions have been subjected to various researches because they have special properties and unique structure, and they cause cases of poisoning. However, there is not much information about the structure of the pectine organ, a specific sense organ of the scorpion, which is also called sensory comb. In this study, the comb organ structure of Protoiurus kraepelini (von Ubisch, 1922) was studied by using light microscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and detailed morphological and histological features were determined. Some of the comb organs of the P. kraepelini scorpions collected in the field studies from Eğirdir (Isparta, Turkey) were prepared for SEM by using routine methods. A portion of the comb organs were embedded in parafine and sections were taken and stained sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and histological features were examined in light microscope. The comb organ of P. kraepelini is located in the ventrolateral part of the mesosomal second segment as in other scorpions and consists of three parts as marginal lamella, median lamella and pectinal teeth in accordance with the general architecture. At the same time, sensory hairs on these structures and peg sensilla on pectinal teeth were examined. In this study, the histology of the comb organ of P. kraepelini was first time demonstrated and its possible functions were discussed in the relationship between structure and function

Functional Morphology and Histology of Sensory Comb Organ (Pectine) of Mesobuthus gibbosus (Brullé, 1832) Scorpion (Scorpionidae: Buthidae)

Akrepler, Arachnida sınıfında zehirli arthropodlardan olup; örümcekler, keneler veakarlar ile akraba oldukları düşünülmektedir. Ancak; akrepler, tarak organ (pektin) adıverilen duyu organı taşırlar ve bu yapılarıyla diğer akrabalarından ayrılırlar. Buçalışmanın amacı, ışık mikroskobu ve taramalı elektron mikroskop (SEM) kullanarakMesobuthus gibbosus (Brullé, 1832) (Scorpionidae: Buthidae) akrep türünün tarakorganının (pektin) morfolojik ve histolojik özelliklerini belirlemektir. Tarak organıoluşturan dişlerin detaylı morfolojik ve histolojik yapıları rutin yöntemlerle parafinegömülerek, kesitler alınmış ve alınan kesitler hematoksilen-eosin ile boyanarak ışıkmikroskobunda mikrografları kayıt edilmiştir. M. gibbosus’un pektinleri bir çift olarakmesosomal ikinci segmentin ventrolateral yerleşmiş olup, tarak şeklindeki her bir pektinorgan marjinal lamella, farklı sayılardaki median lamella ve dişler olmak üzere üçkısımdan oluşmaktadır. Pektinlerde, çeşitli kutikular duyu kılları ve her bir dişin uçkısmında çok sayıda peg sensilla gözlenmiştir. M. gibbosus’un pektin organından alınanenine kesitlerde her bir peg sensilumun çok sayıda sinir hücresi ile ilişkili olduğugözlenmiştir.Scorpions are venomous arthropods in Arachnida classis; they are thought to be relatedwith the spiders, ticks and mites. However, scorpions have sensory organs called sensorycomb organ (pectine) and their structure are distinctive other relatives. The objective ofthe present study, is to characterize the morphological and histological features ofpectines (sensory comb) organ of scorpion species Mesobuthus gibbosus (Brullé, 1832)(Scorpionidae: Buthidae) were identified by using light microscope and scanning electronmicroscope (SEM). The pectines were prepared by following routine electron microscopeprocedures and routine paraffin methods and the sections were stained by hematoxylineosin stain. The pectines of M. gibbosus are paired sensory organs located on theventrolateral of second segments of mesosoma, the comb like each pectin organ consist ofmarginal lamella, different number of median lamella and teeth. Pectines have severalsensory hairs and peg sensilla of tip of the tooth. The transverse sections of pectinesorgan were observed that each peg sensilum innerved by many sensory neurons

Spider fauna of the Argyopiformia group of the nort-east blacksea region (Superfamily: Argyopiformia, Araneae)

In this research, spiders of the Argyopiformia (web-spinning) group that collected from different localities in the North-east Blacksea Region between 1994 and 1998 were investigated. A total of 283 specimens (159 adults and 124 immatures) belong to the Superfamily Argyopiformia (Theridiidae, Nesticidae, Linyphiidae, Araneidae, Metidae, and Tetragnathidae) were examined and identified at species level. In the research region, a total of 41 species and 27 genera belong to above families were found. Hand aspirator, sweeping net and Japanese beating umbrella were used in the collection. The specimens were preserved in the Zoology Research Laboratory of Kırıkkale University

Venomous spiders of Turkey (Araneae)

Over 50.000 species have been described on the world. Among them about 100 species are dangerous for human. Members of Latrodectus and Loxosceles share the habitats of human beings. Chemically, spider venom is heterogeneous, and contains poly peptide, poly amine, nucleic acid, free amino acid, monoamine, neurotoxin, enzyme and inorganic elements. In enzymes, proteases, hyaluronidase, sphingo-myelinase, phospholipase and isomerase form necrosis. Venom is neurotoxic, and it causes paralysis. In Turkey, some species of Latrodectus, Steatoda, Loxosceles, Cheiracanthium, Segestria, Agelena, Tegenaria, Araneus and Argiope are venomous. The specimens that collected from different habitats and localities of Turkey were examined under stereo microscope. They were identified as species level, and the venom organs of some spiders were investigated morphologically with the light and electron microscop