4 research outputs found
Investigation of The Genotoxicity of Ponceau 4R in Drosophila Melanogaster Using the Smart Test and Effects of Some Plants Extracts Against the DNA Damage
In this study, genotoxic effects of Ponceau 4R (E 124) was investigated in vivo using Drosophila melanogaster Meigen in the laboratory experiments. The food coloring in 25‰, 50‰ and 75‰ concentrations were added to food medium of Drosophila during the larval stage and the mutant wing spot numbers were evaluated using the wing spot test, namely SMART (somatic mutation and recombination test). The food colourings are the food additives which are used for increasing the appearance of food and beverages. In SMART, mwh (multiple wing hair), flr3 (flare) and BdS (beader serrate) marker genes on the third largest chromosome of Drosophila are used. Genotoxic effects of the Ponceau 4R in the imaginal disc cells that will develop into the wing spot cells during the embryonic development of Drosophila heterozygous larvae and the genotypic changes caused by mutation or recombination in somatic cells also play a role in the formation of mutant spots in the wings (GRAF et al., 1984). The food coloring which is daily used in our many types of food induced mutant wing spots depend on the concentration in trans-heterozygous flies (mwh/flr3) and in balancer-heterozygous flies (mwh/TM3) in the medium (Chi-Square test; df=3, P<0.001) and the spots were significantly higher than the flies were fed in the medium prepared with distilled water used as negative control showing that the Ponceau 4R has mutagenic effect. However, the mutant spots were less than the flies were fed in the medium prepared with 1 mM EMS (ethyl methane sulfonate) used as positive control showing that mutagenic effect of the colouring was not as much as the EMS. On the other hand, the concentrations of the colouring were used in the mediums together the different plant extracts to determinate whether they have antigenotoxic effects against the colouring. The following plant extracts were added to mediums in 10% concentration with the colouring were: Hypericum perforatum L., (St John’s wort), Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (milk thistle), and Lavandula stoechas L. (topped lavender). The mutant wing spots were compared to control groups showed that the three plant extracts have no effect to reduce the mutant spots in trans-heterozygous flies (mwh/flr3) and in balancer-heterozygous flies and thus have no antigenotoxic effect against the food colouring used experimental treatments (Kruskal-Wallis test; df=2, P>0.05) Keywords: Challenge Genotoxicity, antigenotoxicity, Ponceau 4R, Hypericum perforatum L., Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Lavandula stoechas L., Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, SMART. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/87-07 Publication date:March 31st 202
Investigation of the Genotoxicity of Tatrazine and Anti-Genotoxicity of Some Plants Extracts in Drosophila Melanogaster Using the Smart Test
Food colorings are the food additives, which are used for improving the appearance of food and beverages. In the present study, genotoxic effects of Tatrtazine (E 102), is an synthetic food coloring, was investigated in vivo using the wing spot test, SMART (somatic mutation and recombination test), in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen. The food coloring at 25‰, 50‰ and 75‰ concentrations were added to food mediums of Drosophila during the larval stage and the numbers of mutant wing spots were evaluated using the SMART. Negative control medium was prepared with distilled water, while positive control medium was prepared with 1 mM EMS (ethyl methane sulfonate). According to results obtained from SMART, Tartrazine demonstrated significant results in trans-heterozygous flies (mwh/flr3) for inducing the mutant wing spots compared to control groups at 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 75 mg/ml exposure concentrations. On the other hand, Tartrazine yielded significant results for inducing the mutant wing spots in balancer-heterozygous flies (mwh/TM3) at 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 75 mg/ml exposure concentrations.The numbers of mutant wing spots were increased by the food coloring depending on the concentration (Chi-Square test; df=3, P<0.001). It was also determined that the numbers of mutant wing spots were significantly higher than the flies in the negative control medium and it suggests that Tartrazine has genotoxic effect. However, these numbers were less than the flies in the positive control medium; the data indicate that genotoxic effect of the food coloring was not as much as the EMS.On the other hand, the concentrations of Tartrazine were used in the mediums together the different plant extracts to determine whether they have anti-genotoxic effects against the food coloring. The following plant extracts were added to mediums at 100 mg/ml concentration with the food coloring was: Hypericum perforatum L., (St John’s wort), Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (milk thistle), and Lavandula stoechas L. (topped lavender). When the mutant wing spots were compared to the control groups showed that the three plant extracts have no effect to reduce numbers of mutant wing spots in trans-heterozygous flies (mwh/flr3) and in balancer-heterozygous flies (mwh/TM3) and thus, have no anti-genotoxic effect against the food coloring used experimental treatments (Kruskal-Wallis test; df=2, P>0.05). Keywords:Genotoxicity, anti-genotoxicity, Tartrazine, Hypericum perforatum L., Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Lavandula stoechas L., Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, SMART. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/89-04 Publication date:May 31st 202