Pengaruh Inokulasi Mangan Pada Besi Cor Kelabu Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik

This study aims to determine the effect of inoculation of manganese in gray cast iron to strength power. This study uses sand molds with cylindrical wood pattern. Methodology this study is done with cast iron melting in induction fireplace and then is poured in sand molds for making gray cast iron specimen. This research to determine the melting temperature and chemical composition C and silicon in the form of liquid gray cast iron using test equipment CE Meter then the gray cast iron specimen research the chemical composition and power strength research and then the hardness test and micro photo. The result of the research is a chart obtained from CE METER shows the temperature 1315.2 0C during tapping beginning poured into the mold. A decrease in temperature of up to 1155.2 0C, 1315.2 0 C form is a liquid metal with CEL value = 4.17%; C = 3.60%; Si = 2.24%. After the temperature 1155.20 C metal begins to freeze. The metal freeze all at temperatures 1113.20 C, on the condition of the red metal. On the results of the chemical composition contained 20 kinds, but only 6 elements which can influence on cast iron are Fe, CSi, Mn, Cr and Ni. In the picture shows the graphite microstructure, perlite and cementite, which affected the price of hardness. Power test results showed the addition of Mn got the highest of 209,81 N / mm2 and the results obtained 41.14 HRB hardness. Based on these data it can be concluded that the addition of manganese can increase the hardness and power strength. Keywords : inoculation, gray cast iron, CE meter, tensile testing, hardnes

Desain dan Pembuatan Tungku Krusibel Untuk Peleburan Aluminium Dengan Bahan Bakar Gas dan Proses Pengujian Tungku Serta Proses Pengecoran Menggunakan Cetakan Pasir Merah Dengan Variasi Jarak Penuangan

The purpose of this research is to make and know the working system of krusibel furnace which is gas-fueled. Testing of crucible furnaces is done by means of aluminum smelting. The melting result is poured into the red sand mold. For pour casting height with variation 25 cm and 50 cm. The crucible furnace bedding starts from components comprising: The furnace is made with 85cm tall brick with an outer diameter of 75cm and a thickness of 20cm. The combustion pipe uses a 9cm diameter and 125cm diameter pipe, then welded with 1cm diameter pipe for gas entry, and blower placement at the end of the pipe. Heat pipe made of galvanized iron pipe diameter 2.5cm and 2m long as much as two pieces, weld with iron pipe diameter 9cm and length 12cm. drum as a place of gas and water with a diameter of 57cm, height 43cm, on the side is given a hole 2 parts to connect the heating pipe. In this study observation of temperature changes in the furnace every 5 minutes and fuel consumption. Tests performed to test the casting result are depreciation test, porosity observation, chemical test, brinell hardness test, and micro photo test (ASTM standard E 3). From the test results can be concluded that the highest temperature 790oC. To meleburkan 10 kg of aluminum into liquid diperluhkan time 30 minutes, with fuel consumption 9 kg LPG gas (3 tubes size 3 kg). The value of pouring distance of 25 cm is 5.691% for cylindrical specimens, and 3.864% for beams. While the depreciation value of casting distance 50 cm greater than the casting distance of 25 cm, ie 6.842% for cylindrical products, 5.329% in the form of blocks. The results of hardness testing, the value of HB to two sepesimen less than 70.00 kg / mm2. The chemical composition found in Alumunium (Al) 88.33% as the main material, and Silicon (Si) 7.01%, so that the existing elements include aluminum alloy silicon (Al-Si). Keywords: Krusibel Furnace, Gas, Aluminu

Analisa Pipa Komposit Serat Batang Pisang Polyester Dengan Orientasi Serat 45/-45 Terhadap Pengujian Tarik Dengan Variasi Temperatur Ruang Uji

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan kekuatan tarik pipa komposit polyester serat batang pisang dengan perubahan temperatur dan untuk mengetahui struktur makro pipa komposit polyester serat batang pisang setalah pengujian tarik akibat perubahan temperatur ruang uji. Proses awal pengambilan kulit batang pisang 4 lapis dari kulit luar. Pengambilan serat batang pisang dengan cara dipress untuk menghancurkan daging dari kulit batang pisang kemudian direndam dengan menggunakan air dalam waktu 1 bulan,supaya mudah dalam pengambilan serat. Penjemuran pada temperatur ruang selama 1 hari dengan panjang serat 100 cm.Perlakuan alkalisasi dengan kalium permangate ( KmnO4 ) kadar 2% per 1 liter aquadest selama 2 jam perendaman 2 jam. Penjemuran pada temperatur ruang dilanjutkan proses pengeringan menggunakan oven pada suhu 35 C selama 1 jam agar kadar air 10%. Proses pembuatan pipa komposit metode hand lay up dengan orientasi serat 45/-45 . Pengujian tarik dengan standart ASTM D 2105 dengan variasi temperatur ruang dan temperatur uji 35 C,45 C, dan 55 C serta mendeskripsikan kekuatan tarik dan foto makro pipa komposit polyester serat batang pohon pisang akibat perubahan temperatur ruang uji. Hasil pengujian disimpulkan bahwa terjadi fenomena kekuatan tarik paling tinggi pada temperatur ruang uji 35 C yaitu kekuatan tariknya 1,009 N/mm2 kemudian mengalami penurunan dengan meningkatnya temperatur ruang uji.Pada struktur makro patahan spesimen komposit yang mengalami pull out fiber yang panjang diakibatkan kekuatan matrik menurun

Sifat Fisis Dan Mekanis Pada Komposit Polyester Serat Batang Pisang Yang Disusun Asimetri [ 45o / -30o / 45o / -30o ]

The aim of this study was to describe the tensile strength, bending strength and fracture macro photo on banana stem fiber polyester composites prepared asymmetry [45o / -30o / 45o / -30o] to change teperature test on tensile test and bending test. The initial process of making composites are making fibers from banana trees followed by immersion for 2 hours using a chemical solution of kalium pemangante (KMnO4) by 2% per 1 liter of distilled water. Drying under the sun to dry continued with the process of oven for 1 hour at a constant temperature of 35oC until the moisture content of 10%. Then the fibers are arranged at an angle of orientation of asymmetry [45o / -30o / 45o / -30o] using paper prints, be continued with the provision of the resin was conducted using hand lay-up on the glass mold that has been measured in accordance with the standards. The resin used is a thermosetting resin types, namely polyester BQTN series 157 with increasing catalyst (hardener) as much as 1% of the volume of resin. Tensile test using the ASTM D 3039 standard while bending tests using standard ASTM D 7264 with a variation of room temperature, test temperature of 35oC, 45oC and 55oC. Results of tensile test can be concluded that the tensile strength at room temperature is 11.530 N / mm2, the temperature variation of the tensile test, the greater the given temperature tensile strength will increasingly come down from 15.520 N / mm2 at a temperature test 35oC be 9.502 N / mm2 at temperatures 55oC test. While the test results of bending can be concluded that the bending strength at room temperature is 0.151 N / mm2, the temperature variation of bending test, the higher the temperature of a given strength of bending will experience kenakian of 0,339 N / mm2 at a temperature test 35oC be 6.215 N / mm2 at temperatures test 55oC

Desain dan Pembuatan Tungku Krusibel untuk Peleburan Aluminium dengan Bahan Bakar Gas dan Proses Pengujian Tungkunya serta Proses Pengecoran melalui Cetakan Pasir Merah dengan Variasi Waktu Pembongkaran

This study aims to examine the process of making and systematic work of krusibel furnace gas-fueled LPG. furnace testing is done with aluminum smelting. The melting result is poured into a red sand mold with 10 and 1 hour dismantling properties. The furnace manufacture starts from the component parts consisting of: The furnace is made with a brick material as high as 85cm, width 75cm, thickness, 20cm. Combustion pipe using a metal pipe used with a length of 125cm, diameter 9cm, welded with a pipe size of 1cm diameter as the entry of gas, and the placement of the blower on the back. Heat pipes are small welded cylinders with 2 long cylinders measuring 2 meters long, 2.5 cm in diameter. Drum as a place of gas and water diameter of 57 cm, height 43 cm on the side of the drum is given a hole 2 parts to be put together with steel pipe peralon. The furnace cover is a circular plate with a diameter of 85cm The furnace testing process is carried out by measuring the temperature of the furnace room 47,4oC before the test, the result of temperature change in the furnace seen from the test through the infrared thermometer tool which is done every 5 minutes. Maximum temperature obtained during 820oC testing with 50 minute melting time to melt 10kg of aluminum. The result of casting test from aluminum smelting with brinell test at 10 second disassembly resulted hardness value 73 HB bigger than breaking time of mold which 1 hour <70 HB influenced by porosity at 1 hour resulted in decreasing hardness value, From test result of chemical composition found on aluminum containing (Al) 88.33%, (Si) 7.01%, (Fe) 1.54%, (Cu) 0.137%, (Mn) 0.454%, (Zn) 1.39% and other unsu material is aluminum alloy silicon. As well as observations on the microstructure of the most porosity defects exist on casting with 1 hour disassembly compared to the 10 seconds fewer disassembly. From the above results it was concluded that a 10-second disassembly can directly affect hardness values harder but smoother surface

Perencanaan dan Pembuatan Produk Bayonet dengan Material Kuningan melalui Proses Remelting

This research was purposed to know the cast process through the remelting from thebeginning of manufacture to the finished material and test the results of production by laboratory testing and compare it with the standards on the market. At this catingprocess the temperature reaches (800viiio -900oC). After the casting process is complete, the sand must be removed from the mold frame and castings. Furthercooling takes 30 minutes with air cooling. The physical and mechanical tests used in this study include chemical testing, microstrucrure testing and hardness testing. Thetest specimen consists of a sample of a bayonet foundation, which will be used for testing. All tests conducted at the Polytechnic Manufacturing Laboratory of Ceper Klaten. In the chemical composition test obtained content of the main elemens Cu=62,0%, Zn=32,1%, Pb=2,80% dan Sn=1,32%. The existence of Fe=0,866% elements can cause brass grains become smooth in the process of pouring. Test results can be seen from the brass microstructure is indicated by bright colors in the phase β and dark color in the phase α. From the results of hardness testing on bayonet obtained the average hardness price 86,20HB

Pengaruh Lapisan Karbon Terhadap Distribusi Kekerasan Pada Proses Solidifikasi Besi Cor Kelabu Dengan Pendinginan Oli Pada Cetakan Permanen

This study aims to determine the effect of the carbon coating on the solidification of gray cast iron in a permanent mold. This study uses a permanent mold cast iron ductile (FCD). Freezing of gray cast iron is observed with CE meter and once hardened will experience some testing, among others: hardness test, metallographic test, chemical composition test. This study uses a gray cast iron material. From gray cast iron material will be determined 16 test points to determine the physical and mechanical properties. Testing of chemical composition using JIS standard. The test results showed the effect of the carbon coating on the solidification of gray cast iron on a permanent mold produces a diverse distribution of hardness and hardness values obtained as follows: In part A, the part in direct contact with the molding side of = 200,91HV, 250,9HV, 205, 52HV, 158,63HV, 147,29HV, B part in direct contact with the molding of the bottom of = 147,29HV, 236,02HV, 189,22HV, 202,39HV, 145,58HV, C the center of the specimen which had been cleaved by = 145,58HV, 172,27HV 181,46HV, 221,09HV, 189,62HV, and D sections are in direct contact with the free air of = 189,62HV, 165,12HV, 219,04HV, 200,15HV, 200,91HV. In the smelting test results obtained using the CE Meter 1356.8 ° C temperature during tapping early in the cast in the mold at the start on the chart that reads CE Meter decrease the temperature, the liquid temperature of 1155.4 ° C shape is still liquid to a temperature of 1060 ° solid C thus obtained value CEL = 4.17%; C = 3.61%; and SI = 2.21% where the metal solid starts but is still red up to a temperature of 1060 ° C where iron has been frozen. On the results of the chemical composition there are 20 chemical elements and observation of micro structure was found graphite and cementite. From these results it can be seen that the material formed is gray cast iron FC 150 and JIS standards

Pengaruh Ketebalan Terhadap Laju Pendinginan Besi Cor Kelabu Dengan Menggunakan Cetakan Logam

Casting is the process of producing metal into a specified shape by melting solid metal into a liquid form, pouring it into a mold and allowing it to harden to the desired shape. In this research, using permanent mold process with FC25 material. The results of the hardness test at the top is 123.826 HV, the middle part is 168.847 HV, and the bottom part is 132.6 HV. The highest temperature at casting has their respective values, namely, T1 of 921 ºC, T2 of 964 ºC and T3 of 922 ºC. The process of reducing the temperature is calculated up to 80 minutes with each temperature, namely, T1 of 120 ºC remains the highest temperature drop, T2 is 109 ºC and T3 is 140 ºC

Pengaruh Pendingin Udara Terhadap Kekerasan Dari Proses Solidifikasi Besi Cor Kelabu Dengan Cetakan Permanen

This research aims to know the rate of cooling on the solidification of gray cast iron in permanent mould for tapping earlier. This research uses a permanent mold cast iron ductile (FCD). Methodology this research was done by melting cast iron in induction furnace then pour in the mold of the FCD are already on preheating with a certain temperature for making grey cast iron specimen then tested the physical properties and mechanical. Testing in the form of grey cast iron using a liquid test CE Metres then in grey cast iron specimen in the test chemical composition with the spectrometer then tested the hardness and micro photographs taken of the direct contact with the air and direct contact with the mould the FCD. Research results in the form of graphs in the get from CE Meter shows the temperature 1356.8 ° C early in the process when tapping pour in mold at the start on the charts unreadable CE Meter temperature decline, at the temperature of liquid 1155.4 ° C liquid temperature until the shape is still solid 1113.6 ° C so that the values obtained in the CEL = 4.17%; C = 3,61%; and SI = 2,21% where the iron starts but still solid red until the temperature of 1060 ° C and harden within 180 seconds, while the chemical composition test results in the form of solid or solid, such as: Fe 93.46%; C 3.52%; SI 1.84% and other elements of under 1%. Test results of specimens that are part of the microstructure in uji violence visible graphite and sementit and hardness test results of specimens at the A = 148.79, 542.65, 162.21, 173.65, 207.02. B = 207.02, 168.06, 159.36, 263.85, 280.43. C = 206.28, 280.43, 211.07, 235.28, 682.28. and D = 682.28, 235.37, 215.25, 168.67, 148.79 and price the highest violence in part C5 and D1 amounting to 682.28, while the lowest rates of violence in parts of the A1 and D5 of 148.79. Based on these data can be conclude that every part has a level of violence that in price, because every point or part that has the content of carbon in the test. The higher the carbon content then it will be the higher level of violence as well as affect the physical properties of grey cast iron

Pengaruh Penambahan Pb Sebesar 20 % Pada Pengecoran Aluminium Dengan Ukuran Scrap 5x5x1 Cm, 7,5x7,5x1 Cm, 10x10x1 Cm Menggunakan Cetakan Permanen Silinder Tirus Dan Cetakan Permanen Silinder Terhadap Nilai Kekerasan, Komposisi Kimia, Struktur Mikro

This study aims to determine the effect of differences in aluminum and aluminum alloy lead on hardness, chemical composition, and microstructure with dimensions of scrap dimensions 5 x 5 x 1 cm, 7.5 x 7.5 x 1 cm, and 10 x 10 x 1 cm of aluminum. The casting process begins with the preparation of permanent molds with a cylindrical shape and cylindrical shape. Before doing molten aluminum pouring into the mold, the first thing to do is to clean the mold wall, then preheat the mold so that the castings are not sticky to the mold. Then the next stage is the base of the permanent mold coated with red sand. Then liquid aluminum with scrap dimensions 5 x 5 x 1 cm, 7.5 x 7.5 x 1 cm, and 10 x 10 x 1 cm poured into the mold pernanen taper shape. Then the remelting process with a permanent mold of a cylindrical shape with the addition of lead by 20%. When aluminum has cooled and hardened the mold is disassembled to get the results of the castings. The hardness test of aluminum (Al) with the Brineel hardness test obtained a value of 77.733 BHN while in aluminum alloy tin (Pb) of 20% for the material size of 5 x 5 x 1 cm was 98.559 BHN, for 7.5 x 7.5 x 1 cm is 88,832 BHN, and 10 x 10 x 1 cm is 83,63 BHN. When viewed from the table the chemical composition of the largest element content in this study is aluminum alloy silicon (Al-Si). In testing the microstructure with the addition of lead, the grain size of the microstructure is larger and smaller in number, compared to the aluminum castings without mixture having a small grain size and a large number. This is caused by the nature of lead which can protect other metals from porosity. Keywords: Casting, Aluminum Alloy of Black Tin (Al-Pb), Permanent Mol