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    ๊ณต์ • ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ตœ์ ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ™”ํ•™์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2020. 2. ์ด์ข…๋ฏผ.The role of process safety is to prevent potential disasters in the chemical process. While a variety of techniques are commonly used in the field, accurate risk assessment and analysis require quantitative methods to allow direct comparisons between different alternatives or designs, among other benefits. However, there are various processes with different characteristics and complexities, and not all methods can be equally applied. It is essential to consider safety according to the characteristic of each process and to establish a design method which considers safety from the initial design stage to the operation stage. However, most process safety approaches, such as Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) or Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) studies, are conducted at the end of the design process and often have expansive and time-consuming drawbacks due to their repetitive nature. Therefore this thesis proposed a risk-based design method and modeling for designing an inherently safe process to consider the economic feasibility and process safety simultaneously. The thesis deals with elements such as process knowledge management, process safety information, inherently safe design, process hazard analysis for the system configuration required to analyze, and understand the potential risk during the process design and operation. As for the process to apply this, natural gas-related processes, which are recently attracting attention due to the development of shale gas and small and medium-sized gas reservoirs were selected, to determine the optimal design of natural gas liquefaction process. In Chapter 2 of this thesis, the accident models used in the chemical process were analyzed, and the development and validation of the necessary indoor release model were addressed. Chapter 3 covered interactive simulation that uses process data during accident modeling. Finally, Chapter 4 presented a multi-objective optimization methodology to design a safer process by introducing risk modeling and inherent safety. The method is applied to the preliminary design stage of the natural gas liquefaction process and found the result that considers process safety as well as economic feasibility. The limitations of conventional designs using the concept of inherent safety were overcome by implementing the quantitative risk assessment procedure directly in the optimization sequence.ํ™”ํ•™ ๊ณต์ • ์•ˆ์ „์€ ๊ณต์ •์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์ • ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ณต์ • ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ค๊ณ„๋‚˜ ๋Œ€์•ˆ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณต์ •๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ ๊ณต์ •์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šด์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ™”ํ•™ ๊ณต์ • ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ QRA (Quantitative Risk Assessment) ๋˜๋Š” HAZOP (Hazard and Operability study) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ณต์ • ์•ˆ์ „ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜๊ณ , ์ข…์ข… ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์†Œ๋ชจ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋“œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณต์ •์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ณต์ •์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต์ • ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์šด์˜ ์ค‘์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต์ • ์ง€์‹ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ๊ณต์ • ์•ˆ์ „ ์ •๋ณด, ๋‚ด์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„, ๊ณต์ • ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋ถ„์„, ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋“ฑ์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•  ๊ณต์ •์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์…ฐ์ผ ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฐ€์Šค์ „ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ณต์ •์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ชฉ์  ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ LNG ์•กํ™” ๊ณต์ •์˜ ์ตœ์  ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ 2์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด ํ™”ํ•™ ๊ณต์ •์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์ด ํ–‰ํ•ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜๋Š” ์‹ค๋‚ด ์œ ์ถœ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต์ • ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋ž™ํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ 4์žฅ์—์„œ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ณต์ •์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ชฉ์  ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค ์•กํ™”๊ณต์ •์˜ ์˜ˆ๋น„ ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์— ์ง์ ‘ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.CHAPTER 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Research motivation 1 1.2. Research objective 5 1.3. Outline 6 CHAPTER 2. Accident models in Chemical Process Industries 7 2.1. Introduction 7 2.2. Analysis of conventional accident models for chemical processes 9 2.3. Development of indoor release model 12 2.4. Mitigation effect analysis 35 2.5. Concluding remarks 43 CHAPTER 3. Interactive Process-Accident Simulation 45 3.1. Introduction 45 3.2. Gas pressure regulation station case study 46 3.3. Concluding remarks 53 CHAPTER 4. Process Design with Inherent Safety 54 4.1. Introduction 54 4.2. Process description 61 4.3. Design optimization 68 4.4. Concluding remarks 86 CHAPTER 5. Conclusion 88 Nomenclature 89 References 92 Abstract in Korean (๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก) 99Docto
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