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    ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ ์ด์ข…๊ตฌ์กฐ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ, ์›์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ์ด‰๋งค ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ™”ํ•™์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€(์—๋„ˆ์ง€ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ™”ํ•™์œตํ•ฉ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ „๊ณต), 2020. 8. ํ˜„ํƒํ™˜.Strain engineering of the inorganic nanocrystal is a promising approach necessary to address emerging global energy, resource, and environmental issues. When different materials are combined to produce heterostructured nanocrystal, the epitaxially-strained lattices can be formed at the heterointerface. In particular, the strain effect at the nanoscale can alter the surface lattice spacing and tune the electronic structure of the surface atoms, thus modifying the catalytic activity. The strain can be tuned by a lattice mismatch between the substrate and the overgrowth phase with a different crystal structure or crystallographic orientation. The strain engineering has been developed in heterostructured nanocrystals with different material combinations, including metals, semiconductors, and oxides. However, studies on the strained structure in oxide nanocrystals are limited because the synthesis of such structures has not been well established. In this thesis, I have designed and synthesized a model system that could investigate the strain effect on the regulation of the surface electronic structure for the design of better catalysts. The strained heterostructured oxide nanocrystals were produced using seed-mediated growth. The unique structure of these nanocrystals has been successfully studied with electron microscopy. The first part of this thesis is an overview of epitaxial growth in thin-film technology and its analogy to three-dimensional (3D) polyhedral epitaxial growth. Chapter 2 describes the design principles for producing highly ordered multigrain nanostructures. Identification of the principles was achieved by synthesizing the nanocrystals with misfit-strain-induced uniform grain boundary defects, imaging the deformed structure at the nanometer scale using a scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and measuring the strain field. The seed-mediated approach was used to grow Mn3O4 grains on a cubic Co3O4ยฌ nanocrystal core. The facets of the cube nanocrystal substrates can guide the growth direction of the shell, creating a gap between the lattices of the adjacent Mn3O4 grains. Unlike the previous studies on the heteroepitaxial strains, the grain boundary (GB) defects in this new multigrain nanocrystal were induced by the geometric misfit strain between the adjacent Mn3O4 grains. Since the defects occur along the edges of the core, a uniform core shape is a prerequisite for achieving uniform GB defects. The strain tensor near the GB lattices reveals that the Mn3O4 shell accommodates a large epitaxial strain per GB without dislocation. Chapter 3 presents the epitaxially strained CeO2/Mn3O4 nanocrystals for antioxidant applications. The Mn3O4 lattices are highly strained due to the large lattice mismatch between CeO2 and Mn3O4. The heterostructured nanocrystals with different compositions were prepared to study the strain effect by comparing the surface oxygen vacancy and the characteristics of surface reducibility. Due to the enhanced ability to scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS), the nanocrystal with strained Mn3O4 layer can protect the hematopoietic intestinal stem cells from irradiation.๋ฌด๊ธฐ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ์ž์› ๋ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์œ ๋งํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์ข… ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•  ๋•Œ, ์—ํ”ผํƒ์…œ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ ๊ฒฉ์ž๋Š” ์ด์ข… ๊ณ„๋ฉด์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ž ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์›์ž์˜ ์ „์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ด‰๋งค ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ€ํ˜•์€ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•™์  ๋ฐฐํ–ฅ์˜ ๊ธฐํŒ๊ณผ ์ฆ์ฐฉ์ƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ž ๋ถ€์ •ํ•ฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์กฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณ€ํ˜• ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง์€ ๊ธˆ์†, ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ๋ฐ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ์กฐํ•ฉ๋œ ์ด์ข…๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋ฒ•์ด ์ž˜ ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ, ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ด‰๋งค์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์ „์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์กฐ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ ์ด์ข…๊ตฌ์กฐ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ์ข…์ž ๋งค๊ฐœ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ „์ž ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ 1์žฅ์€ 2์ฐจ์› ๋ฐ•๋ง‰ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์—ํ”ผํƒ์…œ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ 3 ์ฐจ์› ๋‹ค๋ฉด์ฒด์™€์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์š”์ด๋‹ค. 2 ์žฅ์€ ๊ณ ๋„๋กœ ์ •๋ˆ๋œ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์›๋ฆฌ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์€ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•ฉ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ์œ ๋ฐœ๋œ ๊ท ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฃผ์‚ฌ ํˆฌ๊ณผ ์ „์ž ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ์—์„œ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง•ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณ€ํ˜• ์žฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋“œ ๋งค๊ฐœ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž…๋ฐฉํ˜• Co3O4 ๊ฒฐ์ • ์ฝ”์–ด์—์„œ Mn3O4 ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์žฅ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํŒ์ธ ์ž…๋ฐฉ์ฒด ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ๋ฉด์€ ์‰˜์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์•ˆ๋‚ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ Mn3O4 ์ž…์ž์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํ‹ˆ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ข… ์—ํ”ผํƒ์…œ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์ „์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‹ค๊ฒฐ์ • ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์ž…์ž ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์€ ์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ Mn3O4 ์ž…์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ๋ถ€์ •ํ•ฉ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐํ•จ์€ ์ฝ”์–ด์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋–„๋ฌธ์— ๊ท ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ท ์ผํ•œ ํ˜•์ƒ์˜ ์ฝ”์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ „์ œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฐํ•จ ๊ฒฉ์ž ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ํ…์„œ๋Š” Mn3O4 ์‰˜์ด ์ „์œ„ ์—†์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฐํ•จ ๋‹น ํฐ ์—ํ”ผํƒ์…œ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. 3 ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™”์ œ ์ ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ํ”ผํƒ์…œ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ CeO2/Mn3O4 ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. Mn3O4 ๊ฒฉ์ž๋Š” CeO2์™€ Mn3O4 ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ํฐ ๊ฒฉ์ž ๋ถ€์ •ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ด์ข… ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์‚ฐ์†Œ ๊ณต๊ทน ๋ฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ํ™˜์› ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต, ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ํ™œ์„ฑ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ Mn3O4 ์ธต์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐํ˜ˆ์žฅ ์ค„๊ธฐ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.Chapter 1 Introduction: Synthetic Methods for Epitaxially Strained Heterostructured Nanocrystals .........................1 1.1 Thin-film epitaxy in nanomaterials .......................................................1 1.1.1 Thin-film deposition techniques .................................................1 1.1.2 Growth modes ............................................................................4 1.2 Strain engineering ...............................................................................13 1.2.1 Synthesis of heterostructured nanocrystals ...............................13 1.2.2 Strain in heterostructured nanocrystals .....................................19 1.2.3 Characterization of strained nanocrystals for catalysis .............28 1.3 Dissertation Overview ........................................................................35 1.4 References ...........................................................................................38 Chapter 2 Design and Synthesis of Multigrain Nanocrystals via Geometric Misfit Strain ..................................................44 2.1 Introduction .........................................................................................44 2.2 Experimental Section ..........................................................................46 2.3 Result and Discussion .........................................................................52 2.4 Conclusion ........................................................................................130 2.5 References .........................................................................................131 Chapter 3 Epitaxially Strained CeO2/Mn3O4 Nanocrystals as an Enhanced Antioxidant for Radioprotection ...........137 3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................137 3.2 Experimental Section ........................................................................139 3.3 Result and Discussion .......................................................................145 3.4 Conclusion ........................................................................................176 3.5 References .........................................................................................177 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก (Abstract in Korean) ..........................................182Docto

    ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ™”๋ฌผ์šด์†ก๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฐ์ •๋ชจํ˜•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    Along with the development of port industry, inland transport becomes more and more important in connecting ports with inland. Therefore, studying on cargo flow from ports to regions has been active in progress. However current statistical data of freight flow from origin locations to destination locations do not reflect exact characteristics of freight flow. They also do not reflect the characteristics of multimodal transport system in which cargos go through intermediate locations such as logistics center or inland container depot. Recognizing the emergent need of rebuilding statistical data of freight flow from origin locations to destination locations, this paper aims to present a model of freight flow based on neutral network model and verify the proposed model through the simulation scenarios์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  3 1.3 ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 5 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ๋‚ด๋ฅ™ ํ™”๋ฌผ ์šด์†ก ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณ€ํ™” 7 2.1 ๋‚ด๋ฅ™ํ™”๋ฌผ์šด์†ก ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 7 2.2 ํ•ญ๋งŒ-๋‚ด๋ฅ™๊ฐ„ ์šด์†ก์ž๋ฃŒ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 15 2.3 ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜์„ผํ„ฐ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 20 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ํ™”๋ฌผ์šด์†ก๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฐ์ •๋ชจํ˜• ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 31 3.1 ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ™”๋ฌผ์šด์†ก๋ชจํ˜• ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 31 3.2 ๊ตญ์™ธ ํ™”๋ฌผ์šด์†ก๋ชจํ˜• ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 33 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ํ™”๋ฌผ์šด์†ก๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฐ์ •๋ชจํ˜• ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 37 4.1 ๋ชจํ˜•๊ตฌ์กฐ 37 4.2 ๋ชจํ˜•๊ฒ€์ฆ 40 4.3 ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ข…ํ•ฉ 46 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ํ™”๋ฌผ ์šด์†ก๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฐ์ •๋ชจํ˜• ์ ์šฉ ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 52 5.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 52 5.2 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ 67 5.3 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 72 5.4 ํ™”๋ฌผ์šด์†ก๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฐ์ •๋ชจํ˜• ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 78 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  83 6.1 ๊ฒฐ๋ก  83 6.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์  ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 84 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 85 ๋ถ€๋ก A ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ™”๋ฌผ์šด์†ก๋ชจํ˜• DATA 91 ๋ถ€๋ก B ์ˆ˜์ถœํ™”๋ฌผ์šด์†ก๋ชจํ˜• DATA 97 ๋ถ€๋ก C ๋‚ด๋ฅ™๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์ง€ DATA 103Docto

    The Field Operations of the Office of Civil Information and the public opinions of local residents in late 1947

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ตญ์‚ฌํ•™๊ณผ, 2015. 2. ์ •์šฉ์šฑ.๋ณธ๊ณ ๋Š” 1947๋…„ ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ์ • ๊ณต๋ณด์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์ฃผํ•œ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ น๋ถ€ ๊ณต๋ณด์›์ด ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ํ˜„์ง€์กฐ์‚ฌ(Field Operation)์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋ณด์›์€ 1947๋…„ 7์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 12์›”๊นŒ์ง€ 7์ฐจ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ฐ ๋„์— ์ด๋™๊ต์œก์—ด์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ฒฌํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™๋ณดํ™œ๋™์„ ์ „๊ฐœํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋งˆ์„์— ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์—ฌ๋ก ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ํ˜„์ง€์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 1946๋…„ ์ดˆ ๊ตฐ์ •์ฒญ ๊ณต๋ณด๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์—ฌ๋ก ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ดํ›„ 1๋…„๋งŒ์— ์ค‘์•™ ๊ณต๋ณด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ์ „๊ตญ๋‹จ์œ„ ์—ฌ๋ก ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋งˆ์„๋‹จ์œ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1947๋…„ ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์œ ์—”์ด๊ด€์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ • ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์‹คํ–‰ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋“ค์–ด์„  ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋‹จ์ •์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด, ์„œ์šธ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์—ฌ๋ก ์„ ํฌ์„ญํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 10์›” ํ•ญ์Ÿ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋“ฏ์ด, ์„œ์šธ ์œ„์ฃผ ์ ๋ น์ •์ฑ… ์†์—์„œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์—ฌ๋ก ์€ ๊ทนํžˆ ์•…ํ™”๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฐ์ •์€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์—ฌ๋ก ์ด ์•…ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ์›์ธ์„ ์ขŒ์ต์„ ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ์—ญ(้€†)์„ ์ „์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์ง€์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๋ณด์›์ด ์ง€๋ฐฉ ๊ณต๋ณดํ™œ๋™์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ง€๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋  ๊ฑฐ์ ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์ง€์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 'ํ˜„์ง€์กฐ์‚ฌ'๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฌ๋ก ์กฐ์‚ฌ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์—ฌ๋ก ์„ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ํšŒ์ฐจ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์—ฌ๋ก ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์›€์ง์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์€ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์‚ฌ์ •์„ ์ขŒ์šฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ตฐ์ •์˜ ๊ณต์ถœ ์ •์ฑ…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ถœ์€ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถํ•œ์ฒด์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํƒœ๋„์—๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฐ๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋„์‹œ ์—ฌ๋ก ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋น„๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ขŒ์šฐ์ต์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์—ฌ๋ก ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋งŒ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ์ •์น˜์  ์Ÿ์ ์€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ์ • ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹๋Ÿ‰๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์—ฌ๋ก ์„ ์ขŒ์šฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์š”์ธ์ž„์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ง์ ‘ ์†๋Œ€๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ์—ฌ๋ก ์„ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ •๊ตํ™”ํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋งˆ์„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ํ™๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์‚ฌํŒ€์ด ํ˜„์ง€์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์—ฌ๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์€ ์ดํ›„ ๊ณต๋ณด์›์˜ ํ™๋ณดํ™œ๋™์— ์ผ์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋งˆ์„์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์™ธ๋ถ€์„ธ๋ ฅ์— ํœ˜๋‘˜๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹น์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ง€์—ญ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ™๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๊ทœ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๋ณด์› ์ง€๋ถ€ ์„ค๋ฆฝ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์ง€์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ์ •์ด ์ ๋ น ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์—ฌ๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตฐ์ •์€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์—ฌ๋ก ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋™์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ๋ก ์•…ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ขŒ์ต์„ ์ „์— ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋Œ๋ ธ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ตฐ์ •๋‹น๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ค‘์•™๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์ „์ˆ ๊ตฐ์€ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์—ฌ๋ก ์„ ์žฅ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ์šฐ์ต๋‹จ์ฒด์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์šฐ์ต ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌํŽธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ํ™๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ง€์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ขŒ์ต์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ ์œ„์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ •์ด๋‚˜ ์ด์„ ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ๋…ธ์„ ์€ ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ •์น˜ํ™œ๋™์€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ํ‹€ ์†์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ๋•Œ์—๋งŒ ์œ ํšจํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตญ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์—ฌ๋ก ์ด ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์ถœ๋œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์„ ์ „๊ณผ ํ™๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋ก ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ์ •์˜ ์ธ์‹์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ‰๋ฉด์ ์ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ •์น˜์„ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋งˆ์„์„ ์žฅ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์ด์ „ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถ•์ ๋œ ๋งˆ์„์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์†์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ์ •์„ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ๋ก ์„ ๊ธ‰์ง„ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๊ตฐ์ •๋‹น๊ตญ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์„ ์ „์—๋งŒ ์ขŒ์šฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฐฉ์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์šฐ์ต ์šฐ์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์นœ๋ฏธ, ๋ฐ˜ํƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ถ”์ƒ์  ๊ตฌํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‹ฌ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋ก ์„ ์ขŒ์šฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์กด์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์žฅ์•…ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ขŒ์ต ์„ ์ „์ด ์นจํˆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ํ† ์–‘ ์ž์ฒด์— ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค.This thesis focuses on the series of Field Operations in the late 1947, conducted by the Office of Civil Information(OCI) which did the central role in public information of US Armed Forces In Korea(USAFIK) during the latter-half of the occupation. From July to December in 1947, the OCI dispatched its survey teams 7 times to each local province of South Korea, using Mobile Educational Train which had used for public relations in local area. During the survey team entered each village(Ri) for public information activities, they collected field intelligence including the opinions of residents as well. These were subsequent public opinion polls conducted on a nationwide scale after a series of surveys by Department of Public Information(DPI) in 1946. In the Field Operations, level of analysis of USAFIK enhanced enough to cover each village for the first time throughout whole occupation. In late 1947, it became more important for USAFIK that the people of South Korea approve the American course of action since the prospect of 2nd US-USSR commission was getting dim. As the alternative course of action that US had intended, implement of general vote took an essential part to justify the Separate Government so that the countrywide supports were required. However, the atmosphere in local region of South Korea remained deteriorated since so-called October Resistances in 1946, which resulted from hitherto Seoul-centric policies. USAFIK regarded the leftists propaganda mainly responsible for agitating local opinions to stimulate regional riots, therefore they planned the reinforcement of the information activities in rural areas. As one of the course of actions under these tendencies, the Office of Civil Information conducted a series of the Field Operations to examine current atmosphere in local regions, especially around the selected areas to be built the potential Information Center of OCI. The Field Operations' were conducted in rural areas collecting the opinions of local residents, whereas most of the past surveys of DPI were merely concentrated on those of Seoul citizens. The result from each survey indicates that the public opinions of local residents were fundamentally affected on various issues pertaining to different local interests. Nevertheless, the most influential factor for arousing the public opinions significantly in every region was the food issue. Furthermore, in case of rural villages, the key factor dominating degree of food shortage was the rice collection program of USAFIK applied in their region. The effect of rice collection program was so enormous that it did not related merely the approval rate for USAFIK, but even impacted on the attitudes of local residents toward personal Americans, or their opinions relating to the regime of North Korea. This seems similar to the effects of ration policies or rice price in urban areas. Even though some of existing studies have excessively concentrated on clarifying the political orientations of residents, political issues might have not been existed separately from local interests in their lives whether they inclined left or right. At least after the October Resistances, USAFIK had already recognized these possible influences of food issue affecting on public opinions in rural areas. However, they had decided to intensify technical skills for playing it by ear rather than try to deal with the practical problems fundamentally. For this reason, they sought for the most efficient way to promote the American line of policies in each village. As a result of these attempts, some information concluded from the Field Operations pertaining to the characteristics of local villages in South Korea were applied to the following information activities of OCI. The conclusion emphasized the decentralization and isolation of each village, hereby urgent necessity of US information activities was justified for providing local residents who were easily taken into the control of extremists with proper information without any bias. Moreover, it could strength the argument that building the local information centers of OCI would serve as permanent basis for finding the most suitable way to implement information activities in each area. The conclusion of Field Operations was not entirely different from the usual position that USAFIK had taken throughout the whole occupation. Before the operations, USAFIK had already emphasized the passive characteristics of public opinions to blame leftists propaganda for arousing local resistances. Accordingly, the headquarters in Seoul, local military governments, and the troops stationed in regional areas closely cooperated to implement combined operations which tried to control public opinions for the right-way reorganization of local society. In addition, the local polices and rightist groups actively collaborated with these combined operations as well. Even if the conclusion of Field Operations mentioned that the efficiency of the public information was the most decisive factor for repressing local resistances, in many areas the potential resistances had been already suppressed physically before the information activities were actually launched. Any political activity in local areas could be valid only in the fixed frame given by USAFIK. However, when the public opinions of local residents were expressed directly in several significant circumstances, it might have been unwarranted that the effect of propaganda or public relations was clearly unilateral as the USAFIKs expectation. The numerous historical experiences that the local residents were sharing had decided which political group would take the initiative in such village. The common historical experiences of such communities often combined different factors depending on the certain situations, which could trigger serious resistances off in rural areas. Although propaganda might have its own role in these courses of actions, it was not a sole factor to making local opinions. Admittedly, temporary superiority of rightist in rural areas seemed to be successful for transplanting a few of rightist slogan such as pro-American or Anti-trusteeship. Nevertheless, those achievements could not cover the substantial problems involved the survival of people. Consequently, the conditions of each region which had worked as fertile backgrounds for leftist propaganda could not be improved through the following information activities after the Field Operations.๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ง 1 ไธ€.ํ˜„์ง€์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‹œํ–‰๊ณผ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 7 1.ํ˜„์ง€์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์‹œํ–‰ 7 2.ํ˜„์ง€์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰๋œ ์—ฌ๋ก ์กฐ์‚ฌ 18 ไบŒ.1947๋…„ ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์—ฌ๋ก ์˜ ๋™ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ์ •์˜ ์ธ์‹ 31 1.์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์—ฌ๋ก ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ์ง‘ 31 2.๋ฏธ๊ตฐ์ •์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์—ฌ๋ก  ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์—ฌ๋ก ์˜ ์œ„์ƒ 42 ๋งบ์Œ๋ง 60 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 63 Abstract 72Maste

    Legal meaning of fair and equitable treatment in investment agreements - Focusing on recent discussions on the 'Protection of Legitimate Expectations' -

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ฒ•๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ฒ•ํ•™๊ณผ, 2018. 2. ์ด์žฌ๋ฏผ.์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์–‘์žยท๋‹ค์ž๊ฐ„ ํˆฌ์žํ˜‘์ •์œผ๋กœ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์ œ์—ฐํ•ฉ๋ฌด์—ญ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, 2017๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒด๊ฒฐ๋œ ํˆฌ์žํ˜‘์ •์€ 3,322๊ฑด์— ์ด๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์ œํˆฌ์žํ˜‘์ •์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ฒด์  ์˜๋ฌด ์กฐํ•ญ๊ณผ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ์˜๋ฌด ์กฐํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์‹ค์ฒด์  ์˜๋ฌด ์กฐํ•ญ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ •ยท๊ณตํ‰ํ•œ ๋Œ€์šฐ(Fair and Equitable Treatment, ์ดํ•˜ FET) ์กฐํ•ญ์€ ํˆฌ์ž๋ถ„์Ÿ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž์ฃผ ์›์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ตญ์ œํˆฌ์ž์ค‘์žฌ์—์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ํˆฌ์ž์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฒด์  ์˜๋ฌด ์œ„๋ฐ˜์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํˆฌ์žํ˜‘์ •์—์„œ๋Š” FET ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ํˆฌ์ž์œ ์น˜๊ตญ์ด ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ํˆฌ์ž์ž์˜ ํˆฌ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณตํ‰ํ•œ ๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ดํ›„ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ํ˜‘์ •์—์„œ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ์›์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, FET์˜ ์‹ค์ฒด์  ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์ ์šฉ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์ด ๊ณ„์† ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ FET ์กฐํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–‘์ž๊ฐ„ํˆฌ์ž๋ณด์žฅํ˜‘์ •(Bilateral Investment Treaties, ์ดํ•˜ BIT)์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‹ ๊ทœ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์กด ํˆฌ์žํ˜‘์ •์„ ๊ฐœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค๊ฐ๋„๋กœ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ „๊ฐœํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์žํ˜‘์ • ๊ฐœ์ • ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ์–‘์ƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๋‚˜, ๋Œ€์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋“ฑ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” FET ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ •์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ธ๋„, ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณต๋™์ฒด, ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” FET ์กฐํ•ญ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ถ•์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ์ œํˆฌ์ž์ค‘์žฌ ํ”ผ์†Œ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทœ์ œ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ •์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ • ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด FET ์กฐํ•ญ์˜ ๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ทน๋ณต๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ค‘์žฌํŒ์ •๋ก€์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํžˆ ์›์šฉ๋˜๋Š” FET์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์น™ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ํˆฌ์ž์ž์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ(Protection of Legitimate Expectation) ์›์น™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฐœ์ •์—์„œ ๋ช…์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ž…๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํŒ์ •์˜ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์›์น™์€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํˆฌ์žํ˜‘์ •์ƒ ๋ช…๋ฌธํ™” ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ, FET์™€ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์›์น™์€ ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์ค‘์žฌํŒ์ •๋ก€์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์™”๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ ์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ตญ์ œํˆฌ์ž๋ถ„์Ÿํ•ด๊ฒฐ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ(International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes), ์ƒ์„ค์ค‘์žฌ์žฌํŒ์†Œ(Permanent Court of Arbitration) ๋ฐ ๋…์ผ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉํ—Œ๋ฒ•์žฌํŒ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ”, ๊ฐ ํŒ์ •๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์›์น™์€ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ฒ•์— ์ด๋ฏธ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๊ณ , ์ค‘์žฌํŒ์ •๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ •์น˜ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ํˆฌ์žํ˜‘์ •์€ FET ๋ฌธ์•ˆ์„ ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ BIT ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์ • ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค๋„ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚ดํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—ฐํ•ฉ(European Union, ์ดํ•˜ 'EU')์ด ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค, ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ฒด๊ฒฐํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฑด์˜ ์ž์œ ๋ฌด์—ญํ˜‘์ •(Free Trade Agreement, ์ดํ•˜ FTA)์˜ FET ์กฐํ•ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ œ, ์ ๋ฒ• ์ ˆ์ฐจ, ๋น„์ž์˜์„ฑยท๋น„์ฐจ๋ณ„, ๊ฐ•์••ยท๊ถŒ๋ ฅ๋‚จ์šฉยท์•…์˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€์šฐ ๊ธˆ์ง€ ๋“ฑ FET์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์น™์„ ์˜ˆ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์—ดํ•˜๊ณ , ํˆฌ์žํ˜‘์ •์ƒ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ช…์‹œ์  ๋ฌธ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ FET ๋ฌธ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” FET ์กฐํ•ญ์˜ ๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์›์น™์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์ค‘์žฌํŒ์ •๋ก€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 2017๋…„ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ 94๊ฐœ์˜ BIT ๋ฐ 14๊ฐœ์˜ FTA๊ฐ€ ์ฒด๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ FET ์กฐํ•ญ์€ ์ถ”์ƒ์  ๋ฌธ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตญ์ œํˆฌ์ž์ค‘์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํ”ผ์†Œ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ FET ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ๋ช…๋ฃŒํ™”ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ž์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ EU์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ FET ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฒ•์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋™ํ–ฅ 2 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 4 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ๊ณต์ •ยท๊ณตํ‰ํ•œ ๋Œ€์šฐ(FET) ์กฐํ•ญ์˜ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์น™ 6 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ์—ฐํ˜ 6 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ FET์˜ ํŠน์ง• ๋ฐ ํˆฌ์žํ˜‘์ •์ƒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฌด์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 8 1. ํˆฌ์ž์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์  ๋Œ€์šฐ๋กœ์„œ์˜ FET 8 2. ํˆฌ์žํ˜‘์ •์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ฒด์  ์˜๋ฌด์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ 9 3. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ค์ฒด์  ์˜๋ฌด์™€ FET์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 10 ๊ฐ€. ์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด 10 ๋‚˜. ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด 11 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ FET์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 12 1. ํ˜‘์ • ๋ฌธ์•ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ FET์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 12 ๊ฐ€. FET์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช…์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์œ ํ˜• 13 ๋‚˜. FET์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ตญ์ œ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚จ ์œ ํ˜• 13 ๋‹ค. FET์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ด€์Šต๋ฒ•์ƒ ์ตœ์†Œ๊ธฐ์ค€๋Œ€์šฐ๋กœ ๋ช…์‹œํ•œ ์œ ํ˜• 15 2. FET์™€ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ด€์Šต๋ฒ•์ƒ ์ตœ์†Œ๊ธฐ์ค€๋Œ€์šฐ 16 ๊ฐ€. FET์™€ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ด€์Šต๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 16 ๋‚˜. FET๋ฅผ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ด€์Šต๋ฒ•์ƒ ์ตœ์†Œ๊ธฐ์ค€๋Œ€์šฐ๋กœ ํ•œ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด 17 (1) FET๋ฅผ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ด€์Šต๋ฒ•์ƒ ์ตœ์†Œ๊ธฐ์ค€๋Œ€์šฐ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 17 (2) ์ตœ์†Œ๊ธฐ์ค€๋Œ€์šฐ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ ๋ฐ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํŒ๋ก€ 18 (3) Neer ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ ๋ฐ ์ตœ์†Œ๊ธฐ์ค€๋Œ€์šฐ์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์ •์„ฑ 19 ๋‹ค. FET๋ฅผ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ด€์Šต๋ฒ•์ƒ ์ตœ์†Œ๊ธฐ์ค€๋Œ€์šฐ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด 19 (1) FET๋ฅผ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ด€์Šต๋ฒ•์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 19 (2) ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ FET๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 20 (3) Neer ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฌํ•ด 20 ๋ผ. FET์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ด€์Šต๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์—†์ด ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒฌํ•ด 21 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ FET์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์น™ 21 1. ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ 22 2. ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•๊ฑฐ๋ถ€์™€ ์ ๋ฒ•์ ˆ์ฐจ 24 3. ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ 25 4. ์‹ ์˜์„ฑ์‹ค 26 5. ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ์˜๋ฌด์˜ ์ดํ–‰ 27 6. ๊ฐ•์•• ๋ฐ ๊ดด๋กญํž˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ž์œ  28 7. ๋น„์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋น„์ž์˜์„ฑ 29 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 30 1. FET ์กฐํ•ญ์˜ ํšจ์šฉ์„ฑ 30 ๊ฐ€. ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ํˆฌ์ž ๋ณดํ˜ธ 31 ๋‚˜. ํˆฌ์ž ์ด‰์ง„ ํšจ๊ณผ 32 ๋‹ค. ์˜๋„์  ๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ 34 2. FET ์กฐํ•ญ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 35 ๊ฐ€. ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ ๋ฐ ํ™•์žฅ์  ํ•ด์„๋ก  35 ๋‚˜. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ฑ…์ž„ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 36 ๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ตํ˜•๋Ÿ‰(ๆฏ”่ผƒ่กก้‡)์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ 37 ์ œ 6 ์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 38 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ FET ์กฐํ•ญ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ๋ฐ ํˆฌ์žํ˜‘์ •์˜ ๊ฐœ์ • 40 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ FET ์กฐํ•ญ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์˜ ์›์ธ 40 1. ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ FET ์กฐํ•ญ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  40 2. ๋ฒ•์  ๊ทผ์›์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ 40 3. ์‹ค์ฒด์  ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ 41 4. ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ 42 5. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐํ•ญ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 42 6. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 43 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํˆฌ์žํ˜‘์ •์˜ ๊ฐœ์ • 43 1. ์ตœ๊ทผ ํˆฌ์žํ˜‘์ •์˜ ๊ฐœ์ • ๋™ํ–ฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ก  43 ๊ฐ€. ๊ฐœ์ • ๋™ํ–ฅ 44 ๋‚˜. ๊ฐœ์ • ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ฐ ์›์ธ 44 ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ • ๋ฒ”์œ„ 45 ๋ผ. ํˆฌ์žํ˜‘์ •์˜ ๊ฐœ์ • ์œ ํ˜• 46 ๋งˆ. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„ ๊ฐœ์ • ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 47 2. FET ์กฐํ•ญ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ • ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 50 ๊ฐ€. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ BIT(2012๋…„) 50 (1) ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 51 (2) FET ์กฐํ•ญ์˜ ํŠน์ง• 52 ๋‚˜. ์ธ๋„์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ BIT(2015๋…„) 55 (1) ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 55 (2) FET ์กฐํ•ญ์˜ ํŠน์ง• 57 ๋‹ค. ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณต๋™์ฒด(SADC) ๋ชจ๋ธ BIT(2012๋…„) 59 (1) ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 59 (2) FET ์กฐํ•ญ์˜ ํŠน์ง• 60 (๊ฐ€) 1์•ˆ: Neer ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๋„์ž… 61 (๋‚˜) 2์•ˆ: ๊ณตํ‰ํ•œ ํ–‰์ •์  ๋Œ€์šฐ 62 ๋ผ. ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ๋ชจ๋ธ BIT(2015๋…„) 64 (1) ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 64 (2) FET ์กฐํ•ญ์˜ ํŠน์ง• 66 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ํˆฌ์žํ˜‘์ •์˜ ๊ฐœ์ • ํ‰๊ฐ€ 68 1. ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ 68 ๊ฐ€. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์˜๋„์˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜ 68 ๋‚˜. FET ์กฐํ•ญ์˜ ๋ช…๋ฃŒํ™” 70 ๋‹ค. ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ 70 2. ํ•œ๊ณ„ 71 ๊ฐ€. ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์ถ•์†Œ 71 ๋‚˜. FET ์›์น™์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™” ํ•œ๊ณ„ 72 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 72 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ FET์™€ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ 75 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ๋ฒ•์  ๊ทผ์› 75 1. ๊ฐœ๋… 75 2. ๋ฒ•์  ๊ทผ์› 77 ๊ฐ€. ํˆฌ์ž์ค‘์žฌ์™€ ์„ ๋ก€๊ตฌ์†์˜ ์›์น™ 77 ๋‚˜. ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์›์น™ 78 ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ณต๋ฒ•์ƒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์›์น™ 80 (1) ๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ฒ•์ƒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์›์น™ 80 (2) ๋น„๊ต๋ฒ•์  ์ ‘๊ทผ 81 ๋ผ. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 82 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ ์š”๊ฑด 83 1. ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ ์š”๊ฑด 83 2. ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ 83 ๊ฐ€. ์ •๋ถ€ ์กฐ์น˜์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ 83 (1) ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ(contractual rights) 84 (2) ํ™•์•ฝ(commitments), ๊ณตํ‘œ(representations), ์„ฑ๋ช…(statements) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์กด์žฌ 85 (3) ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฒ•์ฒด๊ณ„(general legal framework) 86 (๊ฐ€) ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ์†์„ฑ 86 (๋‚˜) ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฒ•์ ยท์‚ฌ์—…์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์˜๋ฌด 87 (๋‹ค) ์•ˆ์ •ํ™” ์กฐํ•ญ์˜ ์กด์žฌ 88 (๋ผ) ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ๋ฒ•์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 89 ๋‚˜. ํŠน์ •์„ฑ(specificity) 90 (๊ฐ€) ํŠน์ •์„ฑ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 90 (๋‚˜) ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ •์น˜์  ์„ ์–ธ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ 91 3. ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ 92 ๊ฐ€. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ๊ณ ๋ ค 93 ๋‚˜. ์ƒํ™ฉ์  ๊ณ ๋ ค 94 (1) ํˆฌ์ž์œ ์น˜๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ •๋„ 95 (2) ์ •์น˜ยท์‚ฌํšŒยท๊ฒฝ์ œยท๋ฌธํ™”ยท์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ 95 (3) ํˆฌ์ž ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ 96 ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ(objectivity) 97 ๋ผ. ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์„ฑ(lawfulness) 98 ๋งˆ. ํˆฌ์ž์ž์˜ ํ–‰๋™(investor's conduct) 99 4. ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์ž…์ฆ 100 ๊ฐ€. ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์™€ ํˆฌ์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์˜์กด์„ฑ(reliance) 100 ๋‚˜. ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์˜ ์ขŒ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์†์‹ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„ 102 5. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 103 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ˆ˜์šฉ์—์„œ์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์™€์˜ ๋น„๊ต 103 1. ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ณผ FET์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 103 2. ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ˆ˜์šฉ์—์„œ์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ 105 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ถŒํ•œ์˜ ๋น„๊ตํ˜•๋Ÿ‰ 106 1. ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋น„๊ตํ˜•๋Ÿ‰ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 106 2. ๊ตญ์ œ๋ฒ•์ƒ ๋น„๋ก€์„ฑ ์›์น™์˜ ์š”์†Œ 106 3. ํˆฌ์žํ˜‘์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๋น„๊ตํ˜•๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์›์น™ 107 4. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 109 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒ๋ก€์˜ ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ 109 1. ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ์ค‘์žฌ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ฒ•์›์˜ ํŒ๊ฒฐ 109 2. Crystallex vs. Venezuela ์‚ฌ๊ฑด(2016) 110 ๊ฐ€. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ด€๊ณ„ 110 ๋‚˜. ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ ์š”์ง€ 112 (1) ์ฒญ๊ตฌ์ธ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ 112 (2) ํ”ผ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๊ตญ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ 112 ๋‹ค. ํŒ์ • 113 ๋ผ. ํ‰๊ฐ€ 114 3. Allard vs. Barbados ์‚ฌ๊ฑด(2016) 116 ๊ฐ€. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ด€๊ณ„ 116 ๋‚˜. ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ ์š”์ง€ 118 (1) ์ฒญ๊ตฌ์ธ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ 118 (2) ํ”ผ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๊ตญ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ 118 ๋‹ค. ํŒ์ • 118 ๋ผ. ํ‰๊ฐ€ 119 4. Vattenfall vs. Germany ์‚ฌ๊ฑด(Vattenfall โ…ก) 121 ๊ฐ€. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ด€๊ณ„ 122 ๋‚˜. ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ ์š”์ง€ 123 ๋‹ค. ๋…์ผ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉํ—Œ๋ฒ•์žฌํŒ์†Œ ํŒ๊ฒฐ 123 ๋ผ. ํ‰๊ฐ€ 125 ์ œ 6 ์ ˆ ์ตœ๊ทผ ํˆฌ์žํ˜‘์ •์—์„œ์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์›์น™ 126 1. ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์›์น™์˜ ๋„์ž… ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 126 2. ์ตœ๊ทผ EU๊ฐ€ ์ฒด๊ฒฐํ•œ FTA์˜ FET ์กฐํ•ญ 127 3. ํ‰๊ฐ€ 130 ๊ฐ€. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ FET ๋ฌธ์•ˆ ์ œ์‹œ 130 ๋‚˜. ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋ฌธ์•ˆ์˜ ๋„์ž… 130 ์ œ 7 ์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 131 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  133 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ FET ์กฐํ•ญ ๋ถ„์„ 133 1. BIT์˜ ํฌ๊ด„์  FET ์กฐํ•ญ 133 2. FTA ํˆฌ์ž์ฑ•ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  FET ์กฐํ•ญ 134 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ FET ์กฐํ•ญ ๊ฐœ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ 137 1. ๊ฐœ์ •์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ 137 2. ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ ๋„์ž… ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 139 3. ๊ฐœ์ •์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ์˜๋ฏธ 141 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 142 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  143 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 146 Abstract 153Maste

    1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acids ๊ฐ์ง€ ์••ํƒ€๋จธ ๋ฐœ๊ตด์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ผ์ด๋ณด์Šค์œ„์น˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ•

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    Master๋ผ์ด๋ณด์Šค์œ„์น˜๋Š” ์•Œ์•ค์—์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์œ ์ „์ž ํšŒ๋กœ๋กœ์จ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ผ์ด๋ณด์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ผ์ด๋ณด์Šค์œ„์น˜๋Š” ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์ด ์กฐ์ ˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์„ผ์„œ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ์ ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์••ํƒ€๋จธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ตด ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ œ์ž‘ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํฐ ์žฅ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ผ์ด๋ณด์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์  ์šฉ๋„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ท ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ผ์ด๋ณด์Šค์œ„์น˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์›๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋Ÿ‰์„ ์กฐ์ ˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์••ํƒ€๋จธ์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ตด์ด ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์••ํƒ€๋จธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ„์ž๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ capture SELEX ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์šฉ์•ก์ƒ์— ๋…น์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์กด์žฌ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์žฅ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ matrix๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ SELEX์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์šฉ์•ก์— ๋…น์ด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋น„์šฉ์ ์ธ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ์žฅ์ ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”, ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ K2 ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด์ธ DHNA๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ˜•๊ด‘ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ผ์ด๋ณด์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ, FACS๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ๊ณ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ท ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํšจ์œจ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด DHNA์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์••ํƒ€๋จธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋น„์ž์—ฐ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ธ AZF๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์••ํƒ€๋จธ๋„ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด AZF๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์‚ฐ์—…์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด, ๊ณต์ •๋น„์˜ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์„ ๊พ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.A Riboswitch is an RNA based genetic circuit that is well known for rewiring cellular behavior. Compared with a protein based genetic circuit like transcription factor and cognate promoter set, riboswitches can reduce metabolic burden and control genetic behavior fast. Like protein based genetic circuits, it can be used for screening devices, production control, microbial cell factory. If we make a riboswitch which is controlled by new types of small molecules, we can engineer cellular behavior effectively. The construction of this type of riboswitch, I try to find new 2 types of aptamers which can be isolated by capture SELEX. First, I wanted to find out 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoic(DHNA) acids capturing aptamers to make riboswitch. Because this substrate is a key intermediate of vitamin K2, I try to construct DHNA specific riboswitch which can be used as a screening device to isolate high producers by FACS. And these days, Drugs are conjugated with non-natural amino acids to enhancing their stability. And to make non-natural amino acids incorporated into proteins, many corporations control these systems by using IPTG which is one of the inducers. For reducing industrial cost for the synthesis of p-azido-phenylalanine (AZF) incorporated proteins, I made an effort to find AZF specific binding aptamers to construct AZF specific inducing systems

    ์šด์†ก์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ณ„ ๋‚ด๋ฅ™์šด์†ก์˜ CO2 ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฐ์ถœ ๋ฐ ๋น„์šฉ๋ถ„์„

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    ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฌผ๋™๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ญ๋งŒ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณผ ๋‚ด๋ฅ™ ์šด์†ก์‚ฐ์—…์€ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋‚ด๋ฅ™์šด์†ก์€ 80% ์ด์ƒ์„ ๊ณต๋กœ์šด์†ก์ด ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ทœ์ œ์™€ ํ˜‘์•ฝ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” 2013๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋น„์ค€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ ๊ตํ† ์˜์ •์„œ์— ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ์˜๋ฌด ๊ฐ์ถ•๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ํฌํ•จ๋  ์ „๋ง์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ์„œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋‚ด๋ฅ™ ์šด์†ก๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์šด์†ก์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ณ„ ๋‚ด๋ฅ™์šด์†ก์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ๊ธฐ์ข…์  ๋ถ„์„์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ฅ™์šด์†ก์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ์ €๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹คABSTRACT ์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณ€ํ™” 2.1 ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณ€ํ™” 2.2 ๊ตญ๋‚ด ยท ์™ธ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณ€ํ™” 1) ์ผ๋ณธ Modal Shift 2) ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋งˆํฌ๋กœํด๋กœ ์ •์ฑ… 3) ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋™ํ–ฅ ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ๋‚ด๋ฅ™์šด์†กํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ CO2 ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ˜„ํ™ฉ 3.1 ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ๋‚ด๋ฅ™์šด์†ก ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 1) ๊ณต๋กœ์šด์†ก 2) ์ฒ ๋„์šด์†ก 3.2 ๋‚ด๋ฅ™์šด์†ก์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ CO2 ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ˜„ํ™ฉ 1) ๊ณต๋กœ์šด์†ก 2) ์ฒ ๋„์šด์†ก 3.3 ์šด์†ก ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ณ„ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜๋น„ ๋น„๊ต ยท ๋ถ„์„ 1) ๊ณต๋กœ ์šด์†ก์˜ ์šด์†ก๋น„ 2) ์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์†ก์˜ ์šด์†ก๋น„ 3) ์šด์†ก์ˆ˜๋‹จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ด ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜๋น„ ๋น„๊ต ยท ๋ถ„์„ ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๋‚ด๋ฅ™์šด์†ก๋น„ Case Study ๋ถ„์„ 4.1 ๋‚ด๋ฅ™์šด์†ก ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ธ 4.2 Case๋ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 1) Case ์„ค์ • 2) Case๋ณ„ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 4.3 ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„์  ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ

    ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ง€์ง€ ์ฒ ํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€๊ฐ์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ, 2014. 8. ๊น€์ฐฝ๋Œ€.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์ƒํ™ฉ ์ค‘ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์ง€์™€ ์ •์„œ์  ์ง€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ฒ ํšŒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€๊ฐํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ •์„œ์  ์ง€์ง€๋งŒ ์ฒ ํšŒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€๊ฐํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์™€ ์ง„๋กœ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์˜ํŽธํ–ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‹คํ—˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์ง€ ์ฒ ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง„๋กœ์„ ํƒ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ˜ผ๋ž€๊ณผ ์ •์„œ์  ๋ถˆํŽธ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ํ›„, ์‹คํ—˜์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ยท๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์™€ ์ง„๋กœ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์˜ํŽธํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋น„๊ตยท๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์™€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ง„๋กœ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ๋ถˆํŽธ๊ฐ์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ 3๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฒช์—ˆ๋˜ ์ •์„œ์ ยท์ธ์ง€์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ž๊ทน์ธ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค. ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž‘์„ฑ๋œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹ด ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ›„, ์ˆ˜์ •ยท๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด 65๋ช…์˜ ์„œ์šธ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋ถ๋„ ์†Œ์žฌ 4๋…„์ œ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์— ์žฌํ•™ ์ค‘์ธ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์‹คํ—˜์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ 58๋ช…์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์‹คํ—˜์ž์™€ ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋Œ€์ผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(CTI)๋กœ, ์ง„๋กœ์ •๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์˜ํŽธํ–ฅ์€ ์ •์„œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฃน ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ •์„œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฃน ๊ณผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ—˜์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด, ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณผ์ œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ํ›„ ๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์กด์— ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(CTI)๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •์„œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฃน ๊ณผ์ œ์—์„œ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋‹น ๋ฐœ์Œ์†๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋‹น ๋ฐœ์Œ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •, ํ†ต์ œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ยท์ •์„œ์  ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ฒ ํšŒ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€๊ฐํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ์ •์„œ์  ์ง€์ง€๋งŒ ์ฒ ํšŒ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€๊ฐํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์™€ ์ฃผ์˜ํŽธํ–ฅ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ •์„œ์  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฒ ํšŒ ๋‹นํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ง€๊ฐํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์ •์„œ์  ์ง€์ง€๋งŒ ์ฒ ํšŒ ๋‹นํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ง€๊ฐํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ˜ผ๋ž€๊ณผ ์™ธ์ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ์€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ ์ˆ˜์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ยท์ •์„œ์  ์ง€์ง€ ์ฒ ํšŒ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ์ •์„œ์  ์ง€์ง€ ์ฒ ํšŒ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๋†’์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ, ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ฃผ์˜ํŽธํ–ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์„œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฃน ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ยท์ •์„œ์  ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ฒ ํšŒ ๋‹นํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ง€๊ฐํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์ •์„œ์  ์ง€์ง€๋งŒ ์ฒ ํšŒ ๋‹นํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ง€๊ฐํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋” ๊ธด ๋ฐ˜์‘์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ, ์œ„ํ˜‘์ ์ธ ์ž๊ทน์— ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ง€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ œ์–ธ์„ ๋„˜์–ด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์ง€์˜ ์ฒ ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ ์ง„๋กœ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ง„๋กœ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์ง€์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ •๋ณด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์ฃผ์˜ํŽธํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ์ƒ์Šน์„ ํ™•์ธํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ง€์ง€ ์ฒ ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์˜ ๋งค์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์ง€์˜ ์ฒ ํšŒ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜์žฅ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์ง€์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์ ์ธ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์ง€ ์ฒ ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ง„๋กœ์ƒ๋‹ด ์žฅ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ง„๋กœ์„ ํƒ ๋ฐ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋•๋Š” ์ง„๋กœ์ƒ๋‹ด์  ๊ฐœ์ž…์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 9 3. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 10 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 13 1. ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ง€์ง€ 13 1) ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ง€์ง€์™€ ์ž๋…€์˜ ์ง„๋กœ 13 2) ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์ง€ ๋ฐ ์ •์„œ์  ์ง€์ง€์™€ ์ž๋…€์˜ ์ง„๋กœ 15 2. ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ  18 1) ์ธ์ง€์  ์ •๋ณด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์ด๋ก  18 2) ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 19 3) ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ง€์ง€์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ 23 3. ์ฃผ์˜ํŽธํ–ฅ 24 1) ์ฃผ์˜ํŽธํ–ฅ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 24 2) ์ง„๋กœ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์˜ํŽธํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ 26 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 30 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ 30 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ 32 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„๊ตฌ 39 4. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„ 45โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 46 1. ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์ „ ๋™์งˆ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 46 2. ์‹คํ—˜ ์กฐ์ž‘ ํ™•์ธ 48 3. ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ  51 4. ์ฃผ์˜ํŽธํ–ฅ 57 โ…ค. ๋…ผ์˜ 61 1. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 61 1) ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ง„๋กœ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜ 62 2) ์ฃผ์˜ํŽธํ–ฅ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜ 64 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  66 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์  ๋ฐ ์ถ”ํ›„์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ œ์–ธ 68 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 70 ๋ถ€๋ก 81 Abstract 93Maste
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