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    ๋“œ๋…ธ๋ณด ์ „์žฅ์œ ์ „์ฒด ์กฐ๋ฆฝ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ•ด์–‘ ์ ˆ์ง€๋™๋ฌผ ์ง„ํ™” ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€, 2020. 8. ๊น€์›.The de novo genome assembly has become an essential approach for studying non-model organisms since the post-genome era arrived. The reported cases of de novo genome assemblies of non-model arthropods have increased dramatically in recent days. The marine arthropod, however, is one of the least sequenced animal groups despite of their surprisingly high taxonomic and morphological diversity. The de novo genome studies on these marine arthropods remain mostly limited in terms of their cases and quality of assemblies up to now. This study therefore conducted the first case of de novo genome research focusing to the under-sampled marine arthropod groups, the Class Pycnogonida and the Infraorder Brachyura in Korea. In this study, one mitochondrial genome and four whole-genomes were de novo assembled and their genomic characteristics were discussed. While the two cases of de novo genomes assembled by using short read-length sequencing showed limited assembly quality, the long read-length based assemblies of Nymphon striatum and Chionoecetes opilio provided significantly informative, high-qualitied genomes. The preliminary phylogenomic research of this study which firstly included the representative genomes of pycnogonid and brachyuran decapod, also implied that recent hypothesis of xiphosuran nested in the most derived clade, Arachnopulmonate, is indeedly plausible. Furthermore, the limitations of de novo genome researches on the laboratory experiment lacking bioinformatics background were discussed to establish an optimized research workflow for the genomic study on non-model marine arthropod.ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋„๋ž˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋“œ๋…ธ๋ณด ์œ ์ „์ฒด ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์€ ๋น„๋ชจ๋ธ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ชจ๋ธ ์ ˆ์ง€๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๋“œ๋…ธ๋ณด ์กฐ๋ฆฝ๋œ ์œ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ž˜์— ๋“ค์–ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ํ•ด์–‘ ์ ˆ์ง€๋™๋ฌผ์€ ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋“œ๋…ธ๋ณด ์œ ์ „์ฒด ์กฐ๋ฆฝ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ตฐ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ํ•ด์–‘ ์ ˆ์ง€๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๋“œ๋…ธ๋ณด ์œ ์ „์ฒด ์กฐ๋ฆฝ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ ์–‘๊ณผ ์งˆ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ํ•ด์–‘ ์ ˆ์ง€๋™๋ฌผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ตฐ์ธ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ ๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๋‹จ๋ฏธ ํ•˜๋ชฉ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถฐ ๋“œ๋…ธ๋ณด ์œ ์ „์ฒด ์กฐ๋ฆฝ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ, 1๊ฑด์˜ ๋ฏธํ† ์ฝ˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์œ ์ „์ฒด์™€ 4๊ฑด์˜ ์ „์žฅ์œ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋…ธ๋ณด ์กฐ๋ฆฝ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์กฐ๋ฆฝ๋œ ์œ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์„œ์—ด ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ๋œ ๋‘ ๊ฑด์˜ ์œ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์€ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, ์žฅ์„œ์—ด ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฒ•์„ ์ฃผ๋กœํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ๋œ Nymphon striatum๊ณผ Chionoecetes opilio ์œ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ์œ ์ „์ฒด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์œ ์ „์ฒดํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ ๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์‹ญ๊ฐ ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ๋“œ๋…ธ๋ณด ์กฐ๋ฆฝ๋œ ์œ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ํฌํ•จํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋…ผ๋ž€์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ๊ฐ•์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ํˆฌ๊ตฌ๊ฒŒ๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€, ๋น„์ƒ๋ฌผ์ •๋ณดํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋“œ๋…ธ๋ณด ์œ ์ „์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ œํ•œ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋น„๋ชจ๋ธ ํ•ด์–‘ ์ ˆ์ง€๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๋“œ๋…ธ๋ณด ์œ ์ „์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.BACKGROUNDS 1 CHAPTER 1. THE PILOT RESEARCHES FOR EVOLUTIONARY STUDIES ON MARINE ARTHROPOD GENOMES 17 1.1. The preliminary genomic studies on Liparis tanakae and its genomic characteristics 19 1.1.1. Introduction 19 1.1.2. Materials and Methods 22 1.1.3. Results 29 1.1.4. Discussion 35 1.2. The de novo Mitochondrial genome assembly of Chionoecetes opilio : The manual curation of predicted genes and the phylogenomic analyses with large datasets 38 1.2.1. Introduction 38 1.2.2. Materials and Methods 40 1.2.3. Results 43 1.2.4. Discussion 49 CHAPTER 2. THE DE NOVO GENOME ASSEMBLIES OF THREE MARINE ARTHROPODS 53 2.1. The first de novo assembled genome of Portunus trituberculatus indicating the bottlenecks in researching non-model marine arthropods 55 2.1.1. Introduction 55 2.1.2. Materials and Methods 57 2.1.3. Results 63 2.1.4. Discussion 69 2.2. The high-qualitied marine arthropod assemblies : De novo assembled Chionoecetes opilio and Nymphon striatum genomes and their characteristics 71 2.2.1. Introduction 71 2.2.2. Materials and Methods 76 2.2.3. Results 86 2.3. General discussion 100 2.3.1. The ab initio prediction and annotation of marine arthropod Hox genes 100 2.3.2. The optimizied workflow of de novo whole-genome researches of marine arthropods 104 CHAPTER 3. THE CASE STUDY OF THE ARTHROPOD EVOLUTION THROUGH THE COMPARATIVE WHOLE-GENOME ANALYSES 111 3.1. The preliminary chelicerate phylogenomic analyses incorporating under-sampled taxa 113 3.1.1. Introduction 113 3.1.2. Materials and Methods 120 3.1.3. Results and Discussion 125 CONCLUSION 131 REFERENCES 135 APPENDIX 157 Appendix 1. Detailed list of sequenced animal genomes with their Scientific names visible 159 ABSTRACT (In Korean) 180Docto
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