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    ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธ์‹์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํšํ•™๊ณผ, 2021. 2. ์œค์ˆœ์ง„.The worldโ€™s final energy consumption continues to increase, and domestic final energy consumption is also showing continual increasing trend. Carbon dioxide that causes climate change is generated in the energy consuming process, and efforts to reduce energy consumption are required to mitigate climate change. In particular, energy consumption in the household sector is constantly increasing. The household sector can reduce energy consumption relatively quickly compared to others. In order to reduce environmental pollution, it is necessary to regulate related industrial activities, but in the case of climate change, attention should be paid to greenhouse gases emitted from all daily activities and consumption in society. Energy use at home is closely linked to consumption of daily activities, so reduction in energy consumption is necessary. Especially in Seoul, the household sector accounts for a higher proportion of final energy consumption compared to other regions. In addition, the proportion of apartment dwellings in Seoul is higher than in other districts. Understanding the energy use of apartment dwellers, which accounts for a large percentage of energy consumption in the household sector, will help to effectively reduce energy and prepare measures. In particular, a non-price approach that attempts to cause a change in consumption by communicating consumption comparisons with reference groups and environmental impacts to consumers can have a greater effect in the future. Since subjective perception of energy use is a major factor in achieving sustainable energy consumption through rational energy consumption, it is meaningful to explore its impact on energy consumption along with residential environment factors, and household characteristics factors. In the previous studies on the factors that can affect electricity consumption in the household sector in Seoul, the consideration of household characteristics variables was insufficient, and the previously verified factors also showed different results for each precedent researches. Analysis of various energy sources other than electric power was also inadequate. In addition, prior studies have identified the causal relationship of the influencing factors on energy consumption through regression analysis and structural equations. However, there is a limit to grasping the pattern of changes in energy consumption according to the group of factors that influence other than this causal relationship. On top of that, while energy consumption should be analyzed based on the household's energy use perception as the household's energy consumption is affected by the comparison of consumption with other households, related studies were deficient. The purpose of this study based on this analysis of previous studies can be summarized as follows. First, it is intended to investigate whether the residential environment factors, and household characteristics factors have a significant effect on the use of electricity and city gas energy. Second, the sample will be classified into three groups according to the subjective perception of energy use, and this study will try to find out whether there are differences in the residential environment factors, and household characteristics factors affecting energy consumption. Third, it is intended to investigate whether subjective perception of energy use plays a mediating role in residential environmental factors, and household characteristics factors significantly affecting the current status of energy use. In this study, basic statistical analysis for characterization of variables, multiple regression analysis and mediation analysis for hypothesis testing were conducted. In addition, in the in-depth interview, the results of multiple regression analysis and mediating effect of subjective energy use perception verified through quantitative research were re-verified. Furthermore, by comparing the degree of objective energy use and subjective energy use perception, I tried to identify specific energy use perception. Through this, I tried to supplement the limitations of quantitative research that prior research related to energy use perception was lacking through qualitative research. The summary of the research results is as follows. First, factors influencing the current status of electricity use of households, among residential environmental factors were the type of house, year of construction, area of residence, number of household appliances, the age of household head among household characteristics factors, number of household members and monthly average gross income. Among them, the greatest influences on the current status of householdsโ€™ electricity use were the housing type in case of residential environmental factor and the number of household members when it comes to household characteristics factors. Crucial influencing factors on the current state of city gas energy use, among the residential environment factors, were the housing type, the number of residential floors, the year of construction, the residential area, and the number of household appliances. While among the factors of household characteristics factors, the number of household members and average monthly income appeared to be the major influencing factors. Among them, the residential environmental factor that has the greatest influence on the current status of city gas energy use by households was the housing type, and the most influencing household characteristics factor was the number of household members. There were cases which were consistent with the results of previous studies, and on the contrary, unlike the results of prior researches, there were factors in which no significant influence relationship was found, or factors that resulted in contradictory results from existing studies. In addition, it was identified that there are differences in residential environment factors and household characteristics factors that affect consumption according to electricity and city gas energy sources. Second, it was investigated through research that there are differences in the effects of residential environment factors and household characteristics factors on electricity and city gas energy use according to each subjective energy usage perception group. For each factor of the independent variable, there was a difference in their patterns according to three different groups, and the difference in the influential relationship between the factors was confirmed. Third, it was found that the subjective perception of energy use mediates the relationship between the residential environment factor, some factors of household characteristics factors, and the current state of energy use. In other words, it can be said that it is statistically proven that when the independent variable of this study affects the energy use status, it leads to the present state of energy use through subjective energy usage perception as a medium. To be more specific, when the residential environment factors are the living area, the number of appliances, or the household characteristics factors are the number of household members, the number of economically active household members, and monthly average gross income, and when these factors affect the current electric power energy use, subjective perception of energy use has a mediating effect. In addition, when the residential environment factors are the number of household appliances, the area of residence, or when the household characteristics factors are the age of the head of the household, the number of economically active household members, and the average monthly income, and when it affects the use of city gas energy, subjective perception of energy use manifests its mediating effect. Fourth, through in-depth interviews, the relationship between the independent variables analyzed in the empirical study and the current status of energy use, and the mediating effect of subjective energy usage perception were re-verified. In addition, in the case of a group with a large amount of actual energy consumption, it was found that the degree of subjective energy use perception was also high, whereas in the case of a group with a small amount of actual energy consumption, the tendency to feel that the subjective energy usage perception was also low was confirmed. In addition, when the subjective perception of energy use and the objective information of the bill coincide, most respondents perceived that they had a habit of saving or wasting. On the contrary, in case of disagreement, it was confirmed that the opinion appeared to be inconsistent because the objective information of the bill was not accessible. It was found that most of the subjects tend not to check the information on the bill, but it was found that the provision of objective comparison information on consumption in the bill had an effect on the reduction of energy consumption. There were some opinions that although individuals are aware of objective energy consumption comparison information, it was still difficult for them to take action. As effective measures to reduce energy consumption, โ€˜Providing information through radio and TVโ€™, โ€˜Educationโ€™, and โ€˜Proposing motivational measures and inducing activitiesโ€™ were suggested. Through this, it was possible to explore the direction of future policy development to reduce energy consumption. From the results of this study, it is verified that there is a limit to expecting that the reduction of electricity and city gas consumption will be sufficiently manifested only by controlling the residential environment factors, and household characteristics factors. The process of changing households' subjective energy use perception must be accompanied to cause users to take more active part in reducing their consumption of electricity and city gas. It implies that when the government or organizations implement measures to reduce energy consumption, consumers feel the need to reduce energy consumption and change their awareness of energy use to reduce their actual energy consumption, and it is required to strategically deliver specific and customized consumption guidelines to bring about the expected results. Considering the factors of independent variables that subjective perception of energy use has a mediating effect on, information such as appropriate electric energy consumption for energy conservation and real-time energy consumption can be provided to households through a bill according to the number of families and house size, etc. Furthermore, through an empirical study, it was possible to find out that there is a difference in the influence of residential environment factors and household characteristics factors on electricity and city gas energy use depending on each subjective energy use perception group. By designing a customized policy to reduce energy consumption according to groups in consideration of the difference in the impact of these groups, it is expected that electricity and city gas consumption can be more efficiently controlled. It is necessary to induce activities at the national level that can lead people to ponder, become intrigued, and take eventually take action. As a result, policies and programs reflecting those difference in the impact are expected to be executable, and the resistance and inconvenience of residents are anticipated to be reduced.์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ์ข… ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ตœ์ข…์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰๋„ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ์™„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์ • ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋น„๊ต์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์ €๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฐ์—… ํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฐ์—… ํ™œ๋™๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋‚ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์ƒ ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์˜จ์‹ค๊ธฐ์ฒด์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ๋„ ์ผ์ƒ ํ™œ๋™ ์†์—์„œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์†Œ๋น„ ๊ฐ์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€์ • ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด ์ตœ์ข…์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„ ์ค‘ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋†’๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์ • ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„์—์„œ ํฐ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ดํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์ฑ… ๋งˆ๋ จ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋Š” ์ค€๊ฑฐ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„ ๋น„๊ต, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋“ฑ์„ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•ด ์†Œ๋น„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ํ–ฅํ›„์— ๋” ํฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธ์‹์€ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™ ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„ ์ €๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ • ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์ „๋ ฅ ์†Œ๋น„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ์กด์— ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๋ ฅ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๋„ ๋ฏธํกํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„, ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์™ธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํŒจํ„ด ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์™€์˜ ์†Œ๋น„ ๋น„๊ต์— ์˜ํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™ ์š”์ธ์ด ์ „๋ ฅ, ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€์Šค์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ์„ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™ ์š”์ธ์ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋งค๊ฐœ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„, ๊ฐ€์„ค๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด์ ‘์—์„œ๋Š” ์–‘์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธ์‹์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ •๋„์™€ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธ์‹์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธํกํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์–‘์ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์งˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผํƒํ˜•ํƒœ, ๊ฑด์ถ•๋…„๋„, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฉด์ , ๊ฐ€์ „ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™ ์š”์ธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์ฃผ ์—ฐ๋ น, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์›์ˆ˜, ์›”ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์†Œ๋“์ด ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ์€ ์ฃผํƒํ˜•ํƒœ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™ ์š”์ธ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์›์ˆ˜ ์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€์Šค์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผํƒํ˜•ํƒœ, ์ฃผํƒ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ธต์ˆ˜, ๊ฑด์ถ•๋…„๋„, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฉด์ , ๊ฐ€์ „ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™ ์š”์ธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์›์ˆ˜, ์›”ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์†Œ๋“์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€์Šค์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ์€ ์ฃผํƒํ˜•ํƒœ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™ ์š”์ธ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์›์ˆ˜์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์กด ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธฐ์กด ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์š”์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์กด์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์š”์ธ๋„ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „๋ ฅ, ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€์Šค ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์†Œ๋น„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™ ์š”์ธ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•จ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธ์‹ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™ ์š”์ธ์ด ์ „๋ ฅ, ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€์Šค์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ ์š”์ธ๋ณ„๋กœ ์„ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ ๊ทธ ํŒจํ„ด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™ ์š”์ธ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋งค๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๋•Œ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธ์‹์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์— ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฉด์ , ๊ฐ€์ „๋Œ€์ˆ˜, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™ ์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์›์ˆ˜, ๊ฒฝ์ œํ™œ๋™ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์›์ˆ˜, ์›”ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์†Œ๋“ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ ฅ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๋•Œ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์ „๋Œ€์ˆ˜, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™ ์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์ฃผ ์—ฐ๋ น, ๊ฒฝ์ œํ™œ๋™ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์›์ˆ˜, ์›”ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์†Œ๋“ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€์Šค์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๋•Œ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด์ ‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์ฆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ด€๊ณ„, ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธ์‹์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์žฌํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธ์‹ ์ •๋„๋„ ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธ์‹๋„ ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ง€์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‘๋‹ต์ž๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ ˆ์•ฝ ํ˜น์€ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณ ์ง€์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด์„œ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ณ ์ง€์„œ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ์ง€์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ์†Œ๋น„ ๋น„๊ต ์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต์ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„ ๋น„๊ต ์ •๋ณด ๋“ฑ์€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์˜๊ฒฌ๋„ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ โ€˜๋ผ๋””์˜ค, TV ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ œ๊ณตโ€™, โ€˜๊ต์œกโ€™, โ€˜๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ œ์‹œ, ํ™œ๋™ ์œ ๋„โ€™ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„ ๊ฐ์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ. ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™ ์š”์ธ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ธฐ, ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€์Šค ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํž˜๋“ค๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋™๋ฐ˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ „๊ธฐ, ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€์Šค ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋Š๊ปด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋งž์ถคํ˜•์˜ ์†Œ๋น„ ์ง€์นจ์„ ์ „๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ˆ˜, ์ฃผํƒ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ ์ง€์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ์•ฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์ • ์ „๊ธฐ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰, ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธ์‹ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™ ์š”์ธ์ด ์ „๋ ฅ, ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€์Šค์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•จ์„ ์‹ค์ฆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„ ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ „๋ ฅ, ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€์Šค ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ €ํ•ญ, ๋ถˆํŽธ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 9 1) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ 9 2) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 10 3) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 11 โ…ก. ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  13 1. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 13 1) ์ „๊ตญ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 13 2) ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 16 3) ๊ฐ€์ • ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์ „๋ ฅ, ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€์Šค ์†Œ๋น„ ๋ณ€ํ™” 19 2. ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ด๋ก  23 3. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ 26 4. ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™ ์š”์ธ 27 5. ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธ์‹ 28 6. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  29 1) ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์„ 29 2) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ 45 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ 48 1. ์‹ค์ฆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจํ˜• 48 2. ์‹ค์ฆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค ์„ค์ • 50 1) ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™ ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 50 2) ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™ ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€์Šค์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 54 3) ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธ์‹์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ 58 4) ์ „๋ ฅ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€์Šค์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ 58 3. ์‹ค์ฆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์กฐ์ž‘์  ์ •์˜ 59 4. ์‹ฌ์ธต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 64 โ…ฃ. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„ 69 1. ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ 69 2. ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ 72 3. ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ถ„์„ 114 4. ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด์ ‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„ 141 โ…ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 168 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ 168 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•จ์˜์™€ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ œ์–ธ 179 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ณผ์ œ 181 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 183 ๋ถ€๋ก 1 : ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด์ ‘์ง€ 193 Abstract 197Maste

    North Korea-China Relationship and North Koreas Perception of Rising China

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    ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๋Œ€์‘์ „๋žต์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ์„œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์˜์กด, ์ž์ฃผ์™€ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ๊ต์ฐจ๋˜๋Š” ํƒˆ๋ƒ‰์ „๊ธฐ ๋ถยท์ค‘๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์ธ์‹์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ํƒˆ๋ƒ‰์ „๊ธฐ ๋ถํ•œ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๋งน์ด๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ „๋žต์ ยท๋น„๋Œ€์นญ์  ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋™๋งน์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ธ ์ „๋žต์  ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ์•ˆ๋ณด์œ„ํ˜‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ถํ•œ์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๋ถ€์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ง€์—ญ ์งˆ์„œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋ฏธโ€ง์ค‘ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ๋Œ€๊ตญ์ด์ž ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋กœ์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์™€ ์ •๊ถŒ์— ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์‹ ์„ ํ‘œ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์ฃผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค.This article analyzes the North Korea-China relationship. Specifically, it examines the ways in which their national interests in cooperation, dependence, autonomy, and conflict are intermingled, and it looks into North Koreas perception of rising China in the post-Cold War period in an attempt to grasp North Koreas policies toward China. Because of the differences between the strategic interests and comprehensive threat assessment of the two countries, the North Korea-China relationship is no longer characterized as that of conventional blood allies but is rather a kind of strategic and asymmetric partnership. Paying attention to the changing regional order in East Asia as well as the rivalry between China and the U.S., North Korea plays up its geopolitical location to a strategic point. North Korea, wary of the increasing risks against its regime due to Chinas continual rise as a dominant power, has been showing distrust toward rising China and emphatically asserting its autonomy

    Designing of a Vibro-tactile Suit and Tactile Clip Authoring Tool for Virtual Reality

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    ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌํšŒํ†ตํ•ฉ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฐฐ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒํ†ตํ•ฉ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฒ”์ •๋ถ€์  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์ด ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ด์งˆ์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ์˜ ํฌ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋ณดํ˜ธ, ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ๊ฑด์„ค, ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ์˜ ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ ์ง€ํ‘œํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ 1990๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2008๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ OECD 31๊ฐœ ํšŒ์›๊ตญ(2010๋…„ 1์›”๋ง ๊ธฐ์ค€)๊ณผ G20 ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ OECD ํšŒ์›๊ตญ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ 8๊ฐœ๊ตญ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด ์ด 39๊ฐœ๊ตญ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์†๋„ ๋ฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ ์˜์—ญ ์ค‘ ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์†๋„์™€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์˜ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ OECD ํšŒ์›๊ตญ๊ณผ OECD ๋น„ํšŒ์›๊ตญ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „์†๋„๋Š” OECD๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๋‚˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์†๋„๋Š” OECD ๋น„ํšŒ์›๊ตญ์ด ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ตฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋Š” ์ ์ฐจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋Š” ์†Œํญ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์ถ”์„ธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด 39๊ฐœ๊ตญ ์ „์ฒด ํ‰๊ท ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ์‹คํ˜„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ ์ง„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ๋™๋ ฅ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ค‘์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐํ™”๋กœ์šด ๊ตญ์ •์šด์˜์„ ์ด๋ค„๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. Lack of social cohesion in a society often leads to higher chances of national crisis and societal unhappiness. Many nations, therefore, become more aware of its importance and put greater efforts in promoting social cohesion. In this paper, we introduced a new index of social cohesion with which we analyzed the global trends and the gaps among countries. To understand the comprehensive features of a nation's social cohesion covering from individual to global aspects, we suggested a social cohesion index composed of three elements โ€• individual protection, community building, and global contribution. We constructed a panel dataset of 39 countries including 31 OECD and 8 additional member countries of G20, over a 19-year period from 1990 to 2008. The gap among countries has narrowed in the index of social cohesion slightly faster than that of economic growth, and the trend was mainly attributed to the fast decreasing gap among countries in the dimension of global contribution. Comparing the OECD member countries with non-OECD countries, we also found that the improvement in social cohesion of the non-OECD countries is faster than that of the OECD members. The gap in per capita GDP is still wide but the difference in the level of social cohesion between these two groups has narrowed little by little. Finally, we observed that the level of Korea's social cohesion is below the average of 39 countries. Many policy efforts in improving social cohesion are needed to make our astonishing economic miracle more sustainable
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