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    ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋งค์งˆ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ด‘ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ง‘์•ฝ์  3์ฐจ์› ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2017. 2. ์ด๋ณ‘ํ˜ธ.๋ณธ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌํ•™์œ„ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด‘ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋งค์งˆ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ด‘ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘์•ฝ์ ์ธ 3์ฐจ์› ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. 3์ฐจ์› ์˜์ƒ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ์™€ ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง‘์•ฝ์ ์ธ 3์ฐจ์› ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง๊ด€์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ธฐ์กด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ 3์ฐจ์› ์˜์ƒ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง‘์•ฝ์  3์ฐจ์› ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋†’์€ ๋Œ€์—ญํญ๊ณผ ์ž‘์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ง‘์•ฝ์  3์ฐจ์› ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋“ฑ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์—์„œ์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ด๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ณต๊ตด์ ˆ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋น›์„ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋‘ ๋งค์งˆ์˜ ๊ณ ์œ  ๊ด‘ํ•™ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ 3์ฐจ์› ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด‘ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ถ”์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ด‘ ๋„ํŒŒ๋กœ์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์ง‘์•ฝ์  ๋‹ค์ค‘ ํˆฌ์‚ฌ 3์ฐจ์› ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์‚ฌ ๊ด‘ํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ์˜์ƒ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๊ด‘ ๋„ํŒŒ๋กœ๋กœ ์ž…์‚ฌ, ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์— ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ํˆฌ์‚ฌ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ด‘ ๋„ํŒŒ๋กœ์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ์ดํ›„ ์˜์ƒ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๊ด‘ ๋„ํŒŒ๋กœ์˜ ์ถœ์‚ฌ ๋ฉด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ , ๋ Œ์ฆˆ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์  ์‹œ์ฒญ ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ด‘ ๋„ํŒŒ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ์˜ ๊ด‘ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ํˆฌ์‚ฌ ๊ด‘ํ•™๊ณ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‹œ์  ์˜์ƒ์ด ์™œ๊ณก๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. 10๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹œ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ง‘์•ฝ์  ๋‹ค์ค‘ ํˆฌ์‚ฌ 3์ฐจ์› ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๋Œ€์—ญํญ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ํˆฌ์‚ฌ 3์ฐจ์› ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์™€ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์ดˆ์  ํ—ค๋“œ ๋งˆ์šดํŠธ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๊ตฌํ˜„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ด๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ํŒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํŽธ๊ด‘ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํ™” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋น›์˜ ํŽธ๊ด‘ ์ƒํƒœ, ์ด๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ํŒ์˜ ๊ด‘์ถ• ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ด‘ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค. ์ธก๋ฉด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ด‘ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜์€ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ํˆฌ์‚ฌ 3์ฐจ์› ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์ ์„ ์ธก๋ฉด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๊นŠ์ด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ด‘ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜์€ ํ—ค๋“œ ๋งˆ์šดํŠธ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์—์„œ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์ดˆ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ด‘ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ถ”์  ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ํŒ์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘, ๊ด‘์ถ•, ํŒŒ์žฅ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ด‘ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋งž๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ์ด๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ํŒ๊ณผ ํŽธ๊ด‘ ํšŒ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋‹ค์ค‘ ํˆฌ์‚ฌ 3์ฐจ์› ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์™€ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์ดˆ์  ํ—ค๋“œ ๋งˆ์šดํŠธ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์˜ ๋Œ€์—ญํญ์ด 2๋ฐฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด‘ ๋„ํŒŒ๋กœ์™€ ๋ณต๊ตด์ ˆ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๊ด‘ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„, ๋Œ€ํ˜•์˜ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ํˆฌ์‚ฌ 3์ฐจ์› ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ํ—ค๋“œ ๋งˆ์šดํŠธ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ํ‘œํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ด‘ ๋„ํŒŒ๋กœ์™€ ์ด๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ํŒ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ 3์ฐจ์› ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์†Œํ˜•๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ˜• 3์ฐจ์› ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ง‘์•ฝํ™”์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.This dissertation investigates approaches for realizing compact three-dimensional (3D) display systems based on optical path analysis in optically transparent medium. Reducing the physical distance between 3D display apparatuses and an observer is an intuitive method to realize compact 3D display systems. In addition, it is considered compact 3D display systems when they present more 3D data than conventional systems while preserving the size of the systems. For implementing compact 3D display systems with high bandwidth and minimized structure, two optical phenomena are investigated: one is the total internal reflection (TIR) in isotropic materials and the other is the double refraction in birefringent crystals. Both materials are optically transparent in visible range and ray tracing simulations for analyzing the optical path in the materials are performed to apply the unique optical phenomenon into conventional 3D display systems. An optical light-guide with the TIR is adopted to realize a compact multi-projection 3D display system. A projection image originated from the projection engine is incident on the optical light-guide and experiences multiple folds by the TIR. The horizontal projection distance of the system is effectively reduced as the thickness of the optical light-guide. After multiple folds, the projection image is emerged from the exit surface of the optical light-guide and collimated to form a viewing zone at the optimum viewing position. The optical path governed by the TIR is analyzed by adopting an equivalent model of the optical light-guide. Through the equivalent model, image distortion for multiple view images in the optical light-guide is evaluated and compensated. For verifying the feasibility of the proposed system, a ten-view multi-projection 3D display system with minimized projection distance is implemented. To improve the bandwidth of multi-projection 3D display systems and head-mounted display (HMD) systems, a polarization multiplexing technique with the birefringent plate is proposed. With the polarization state of the image and the direction of optic axis of the birefringent plate, the optical path of rays varies in the birefringent material. The optical path switching in the lateral direction is applied in the multi-projection system to duplicate the viewing zone in the lateral direction. Likewise, a multi-focal function in the HMD is realized by adopting the optical path switching in the longitudinal direction. For illuminating the detailed optical path switching and the image characteristic such as an astigmatism and a color dispersion in the birefringent material, ray tracing simulations with the change of optical structure, the optic axis, and wavelengths are performed. By combining the birefringent material and a polarization rotation device, the bandwidth of both the multi-projection 3D display and the HMD is doubled in real-time. Prototypes of both systems are implemented and the feasibility of the proposed systems is verified through experiments. In this dissertation, the optical phenomena of the TIR and the double refraction realize the compact 3D display systems: the multi-projection 3D display for public and the multi-focal HMD display for individual. The optical components of the optical light-guide and the birefringent plate can be easily combined with the conventional 3D display system and it is expected that the proposed method can contribute to the realization of future 3D display systems with compact size and high bandwidth.Chapter 1 Introduction 10 1.1 Overview of modern 3D display providing high quality 3D images 10 1.2 Motivation of this dissertation 15 1.3 Scope and organization 18 Chapter 2 Compact multi-projection 3D displays with optical path analysis of total internal reflection 20 2.1 Introduction 20 2.2 Principle of compact multi-projection 3D display system using optical light-guide 23 2.2.1 Multi-projection 3D display system 23 2.2.2 Optical light-guide for multi-projection 3D display system 26 2.2.3 Analysis on image characteristics of projection images in optical light-guide 34 2.2.4 Pre-distortion method for view image compensation 44 2.3 Implementation of prototype of multi-projection 3D display system with reduced projection distance 47 2.4 Summary and discussion 52 Chapter 3 Compact multi-projection 3D displays with optical path analysis of double refraction 53 3.1 Introduction 53 3.2 Principle of viewing zone duplication in multi-projection 3D display system 57 3.2.1 Polarization-dependent optical path switching in birefringent crystal 57 3.2.2 Analysis on image formation through birefringent plane-parallel plate 60 3.2.3 Full-color generation of dual projection 64 3.3 Implementation of prototype of viewing zone duplication of multi-projection 3D display system 68 3.3.1 Experimental setup for viewing zone duplication of multi-projection 3D display system 68 3.3.2 Luminance distribution measurement of viewing zone duplication of multi-projection 3D display system 74 3.4 Summary and discussion 79 Chapter 4 Compact multi-focal 3D HMDs with optical path analysis of double refraction 81 4.1 Introduction 81 4.2 Principle of multi-focal 3D HMD system 86 4.2.1 Multi-focal 3D HMD system using Savart plate 86 4.2.2 Astigmatism compensation by modified Savart plate 89 4.2.3 Analysis on lateral chromatic aberration of extraordinary plane 96 4.2.4 Additive type compressive light field display 101 4.3 Implementation of prototype of multi-focal 3D HMD system 104 4.4 Summary and discussion 112 Chapter 5 Conclusion 114 Bibliography 117 Appendix 129 ์ดˆ ๋ก 130Docto
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